Pres

1. Pulmonary emphysema
by Anna Savchuk

2. Emphysema is a chronic respiratory disease due to
over inflation or abnormal increase in the size of the air
sacs (alveoli) in the lungs function, breathlessness.

4. CAUSES
Smoking
Occupational exposure to chemical fumes
Heredity (deficiency of AAT)
HIV infection
Severe respiratory efforts
Use of intravenous drugs

5. MECHANISM

6. Symptoms
Suffocation
Shortness of breath
Whooping cough
Loss of appetite and weight loss
Fatigue
Chest enlargement

7. Diagnosis
Chest X-Ray
Arterial
blood
analysis (the blood tests
gases
measures
how well your lungs transfer oxygen to
your bloodstream)
Pulmonary
function
tests
(measure how much air you lungs can
hold and the flow of)
Sputum examination
(analysis
of cells in sputum can help determine the
cause of some lung problems)
Spirometry
(a procedure that
measures the forced expiratory volume in
one second)

8. Treatment are:
Non pharmacological
Pharmacological

9. Non pharmacological
General Treatment
By Quit smoking (first step for smokers is to quit smoking. If He/She is a smoker)
By Oxygen therapy (home oxygen therapy.)
By Taking Precautions
•Avoid dust.
•Avoid extremes of temperature & humidity.
•Avoid high altitude.
•Improved nutrition, hygiene and exercise.
•Special breathing patterns and positions.

10. Pharmacological
Medicinal Treatment
Bronchodilators :Albuterol (Proventil or Ventoline)
a “rescue" medication.
Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent)
provide greater relief, and long lasts.
'Both available as Metered-Dose Inhaler (MDI).
Methylxanthines (Theophylline)
is the bronchodialating medicine available in tablet form.
Corticosteroids
help to decrease the inflammation of the airway walls.
Antibiotics

11. Surgical treatment
Lung volume reduction surgery (most diseases
parts of the lung are removed)
Lung transplantation (it is a risky and
expensive procedure)

12. Classification

13. The end…