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St. Aidans solo taxonomy
- 2. What is it? SOLO (Structure of Observed Learning Outcomes) is a model of learning that helps develop a common understanding & language of learning that helps teachers (and students) understand the learning process.
- 3. 5 typical ways to answer a question Prestructural I’m not sure about this subject Unistructural I have one idea about this subject Multistuctrural I have several ideas about this subject Relational I can link my ideas together to see the big picture… Extended abstract I can look at these ideas in a new and different way.
- 4. Unistructural Multistructural Relational Extended abstract Define Identify Do simple procedure Define Describe List Do algorithm Combine Compare/contrast Explain causes Sequence Classify Analyse Part/whole Relate Analogy Apply Formulate questions Evaluate Theorise Generalise Predict Create Imagine Hypothesise Reflect SOLO TAXONOMY (after Biggs and Collis 1982) Prestructural
- 5. Unistructural Multistructural Relational Extended abstract Define Identify Do simple procedure Define Describe List Do algorithm Combine Compare/contrast Explain causes Sequence Classify Analyse Part/whole Relate Analogy Apply Formulate questions Evaluate Theorise Generalise Predict Create Imagine Hypothesise Reflect SOLO TAXONOMY (after Biggs and Collis 1982) Prestructural Surface Learning Deep Learning
- 6. Unistructural Multistructural Relational Extended abstract SOLO TAXONOMY (after Biggs and Collis 1982) Prestructural Misses the point! Who painted Guernic a? Outline at least two compositional principles that Picasso used in Guernica. Relate the theme of Guernica to a current event. What do you consider Picasso was saying via his painting of Guernica?
- 7. With SOLO we can… identify and use success criteria which enable students to make meaningful progress To understand how power is presented in Macbeth • I know several things about power in Macbeth • I can find connections between the things I know • I can suggest reasons why Shakespeare might have made these choices
- 8. With SOLO we can… provide feedback and feed forward on learning outcomes which is simple to understand and straightforward to act on. Feedback: “How have you demonstrated that your knowledge is multistructural?” Feed forward: “What do you need to do to make it relational?”
- 10. “SOLO Taxonomy provides a simple and robust way of describing how learning outcomes grow in complexity from surface to deep understanding” Biggs & Collis 1982
- 11. Why? How should we show that “progress” has been made in a lesson (or 20 minutes of a lesson)?
- 12. The language of learning SOLO level Verbs Unistructural define, identify, name. draw, find, label, match, follow a simple procedure Multistuctural describe, list, outline, complete, continue, combine Relational sequence, classify, compare & contrast, explain (cause & effect), analyse, form an analogy, organise, distinguish, question, relate, apply Extended abstract generalise, predict, evaluate, reflect, hypothesise, theorise, create, prove, justify, argue, compose, prioritise, design, construct, perform
- 13. Isn‟t this a bit like Bloom‟s Taxonomy? SOLO is based upon a theory about teaching and learning rather than a theory about knowledge, (Hattie and Brown, 2004) Bloom‟s is „good‟ for teachers: planning, questioning & checking learning But not great for students: I’ve done applying sir, can I move on to analysis now? Progress is not implicit with Bloom‟s
- 14. SOLO is better because: It‟s a diagnostic tool – provides useful feedback and makes next steps clear It‟s a useful assessment tool – clear links with rubrics It can help plan objectives & success criteria which focus on progress It describes the learning outcome
- 15. the point hasn‟t been understood the task has not been worked on in an appropriate way a too simple way of going about something has been used bits without any organisation or sense irrelevant information no meaningful response may appear to be learning, but just „chanting‟ no understanding QUANTITAVE Pre - Structural misses the point
- 16. one aspect of a task is picked up and used maybe a simple, obvious connection but no significance attached only focuses on one relevant aspect terms may be used but are not developed further in any way focuses on one issue in a complex case Uni - Structural identify, memorise, carry out a simple procedure QUANTITAVE
- 17. several aspects of a tasked picked up and used, but not linked aspects of a task are treated independently and additively aspects like a disorganised list with no relationships recognised a number of statements that are not built on in any way if there are connections they are very simple the significance of statements as a whole is not grasped „knowledge telling,‟ „cut and paste‟ described by Biggs as “seeing the trees but not the wood” Multi - Structural enumerate, classify, describe, list, combine, do algorithms QUANTITAVE
- 18. integration of ideas/aspects of the task into a coherent whole this is usually seen to be an adequate understanding of a topic significance of the parts in relation to the whole is recognised several parts are integrated into a coherent whole details link to conclusions meaning is understood able to apply a concept to a familiar situation QUALITATIVE Relational compare/contrast, explain causes, analyse, relate, apply
- 19. connections are made not only within a topic, but beyond it there is transfer from the specific to the general generalisations are made beyond the information given new and broader issues are identified the Relational level at a higher level of abstraction QUALITATIVE Extended Abstract theorise, generalise, hypothesise, reflect, generate
- 21. Application Curriculum design Designing effective learning outcomes Formative Structuring questions to encourage deeper learning Differentiating learning tasks Summative Assessing the level of understanding more effectively Reflective Journals Dissertations Presentations
- 22. Whole School For SOLO to work effectively it must be used whole school Students will develop a deep understanding of SOLO when used in all subjects and will be able to transfer knowledge of SOLO to every lesson. “If you want students to be clear about their learning you need the teacher to be clear first.” Tom Sherrington (@headguruteacher)
- 23. Useful Links http://leadinglearner.me/2013/04/14/redesign ing-classrooms-using-solo-to-increase- challenge/ http://www.learningspy.co.uk/solo-taxonomy/ http://www.slideshare.net/LizSaddler/inset- may-2013-solo-sll http://pamhook.com/solo-taxonomy/
Editor's Notes
- It’s about transferring knowledge from surface learning to deep learning, finding common knowledge between them and using a language of learning that we can all share.
- Prestructural – not sure, it’s where we start off (e.g. what is a volcano?)Unistructural– it’s where we have one idea about something (e.g. lava comes out of volcanos,It’s a bit like a mountain, the lava that comes out is molten rock)Their knowledge (the three things) becomes multi structural. Multi structural – there are several strands of things that they know. We now know that lava comes out of volcanos, it’s a bit like a mountain, the lava that comes out is molten rock. Building up that multi structural base is vital, you can’t go much further without it. A lot of what we do in the classroom is about extending that multi structural knowledge. But it only stays on the surface unless we try and link those ideas together.Relational We then move on to the relational stage where we begin to relate these ideas together. The volcano is a bit like a mountain because the lava comes out of it and because it’s molten rock it cools and forms that mountain shape. He can usefully link those ideas together. It’s much more likely that that knowledge will stick because he understands the relationship between them. Extended abstract – we can hypothesize, we can start to think about ‘what would happen if there was water inside instead of lava? We know it wouldn’t make a mountain shape – what would happen?ASK STAFF to fill in A3 sheet and put where they are at this minute regarding SOLO.
- An overview of the various stages and common words that can be used at each stage by students as well as staff.
- Guernica is a painting by Pablo Picasso. It was created in response to the bombing of Guernica, a Basque Country village in northern Spain, by German and Italianwarplanes at the behest of the Spanish Nationalist forces on 26 April 1937 during the Spanish Civil War.
- Once students know about the different levels we have these different ways of thinking – we can shortcut those above and just say I want you to move your knowledge of Power of Macbeth from Multi-structural to relational - what does that mean? Oh yes I need to connect my ideas together. Can explain what they need to do to move forward.
- Feedback on what they have done but an also explain what they need to do to move forward. Using clear success criteria for each level the students should easily be able to understand they need to do move up the learning ladder.
- This is great way to show where the students are upto/ what they have understood/ how much learning has taken place and also is great to plan your next lesson with differentiation. E.g. various at different stages and all moving according to ability. So if some students are still unistructural you can see they havent quite grasped the topic and need a lot more help to understand.
- Good for teachers not so good for students.