This document discusses instructional design and how it can be used to design instruction based on student needs. It defines instructional design as the systematic process of making instruction more effective, efficient and appealing by focusing on learner needs. The document outlines several instructional design methods and processes, including the ADDIE model of analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. It also discusses how learning theories can inform instructional design and provides examples of how design has been applied to different client projects.

1. Designing Instruction
Based on Student Needs
Karen Vignare Michigan State University

2. Agenda
• Objectives
• Introduction
• Definitions
• Discussion
• Summary
• References

3. Objectives
• Understand the purpose of Instructional Design
• Recognize different design processes
• Apply Instructional Design to your Learners
• Use technology or templates to help with
Instructional Design

4. Instructional Design
• Instructional design is defined as the systematic
process of trying to make instruction more effective,
efficient and appealing
• Any instructor can practice it but there are experts
and it is a growing field of employment
• It requires focusing more on the learner’s needs to
determine how to effectively instruct

5. Instructional Design Methods
• ADDIE
• Analysis
• Design
• Development
• Implement
• Evaluate

6. Instructional Design Process

7. Modified Needs Analysis
The Secret of Instructional Design is …
(Adapted from Powerful Principles of Instructions, … Consistency among all parts of the instruction.
Yelon, Stephen S. Longman Publishers, 1996.)

8. Modified Needs Analysis
• Identify problem
• What do we know about the community
• Where are the gaps
• Discussion of content
• SMEs
• Feedback from targeted audience
• What content currently exists
• Peer review/beta testing
• Technical feedback
• Subject area feedback
• Standards checklist

9. Instructional Design and Learning Theories
• Learning theories study how people learn
• Behaviorism—structured behavior resembles linear
learning
• Constructivism –learning is created from previous
knowledge and new instructional processes
• Cognitive Science provides more information about
appropriate scaffolding for learners
• Social Learning (Constructivism)—Learning is social activity
and team based approaches are best

10. Tying Learning and Design Together
• Most instructional design is based on a learning
theory
• Online design is often driven by technology but often
by pedagogy
• Recognizing the learning environment is complex and
interrelated is often difficult
• Theories like Community of Inquiry try to pull these
elements together

11. Client Designs
• FCIB International Credit & Risk
Management
• Instructor-led online courses
• Peer-to-peer interaction
• Cohort based

12. Client Designs
• Citizen Planner
• Online self-paced courses
• Master Citizen Planner Credentialing Exam

13. MHU Introduction
Client Designs
• My Horse University
• Self-paced courses
• DVDs
• Webcasts
• Monthly newsletter
• Sponsorships/
Partnerships

14. Customizations
• The RIGHT Experience
• Technology
• Interactivity
• Learning strategy/process/consistency
• Organizing around a need
• Making content reusable

15. Technology and Templates
• http://wikieducator.org/Main_Page

16. YOUR Turn
• Design a lesson/module/week of instruction
• Define your students—examples, include full-time,
live on or near campus, have no previous knowledge
• What are the objectives of the instruction?
• What resources will you have?
• What will you need to assess?
• What should students be able to do as a result of the
instruction

17. Discussion
• How is using instructional design different than
normal preparation for courses?

18. Summary
• Introduced Instructional Design
• Shared several types of Design methods
• Applied instructional design to a course
• Used technology or templates to help with
Instructional Design

19. References
• Bransford, John. How People Learn: Bridging
Research and Practice
• Gagné, Robert, Nine Events of Instruction
• Vygotsky, Lev, Social constructivism
• http://www.instructionaldesign.org/

20. Terms of Use
© Karen Vignare, Michigan State University, MEAS project.
This work is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.
Users are free:
• to Share — to copy, distribute and transmit the work
• to Remix — to adapt the work
Under the following conditions:
• Attribution — Users must attribute the work to the
author(s)/institution (but not in any way that suggests that the authors/
institution endorse the user or the user’s use of the work).

21. Disclaimer
This presentation was made possible by the
generous support of the American people
through the United States Agency for
International Development, USAID. The
contents are the responsibility of the
author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the
views of USAID or the United States
Government.