Introduction to embedded systems

Introduction to Embedded Systems

Copyright ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

Course Objective ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

Course Notes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

Course References ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

Course Outline ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

What is a Computer System? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems Software Hardware

Hardware ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

Software ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

What is a General Purpose System? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

What is an Embedded System? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

Embedded Systems Examples Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

Characteristics of Embedded Systems - Dependability ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

Characteristics of Embedded Systems - Efficiency ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

Characteristics of Embedded Systems - Dedication ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

Characteristics of Embedded Systems – Meeting Real-Time Constraints ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

Characteristics of Embedded Systems – Connection to a Physical Environment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

Embedded Versus General Purpose Systems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

Embedded Systems Architecture Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems Device Drivers Operating Systems Middleware Application SoC Memories Peripherals

Exercise 1: Characterize an Embedded System ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

CPU, Processor, and SoC Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to STM32 STM32 SoC

Central Processing Unit ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

CPU Structure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems CU Registers ALU Internal Bus

Registers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

ALU ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

CU ,[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems Instruction Program Counter Memory Device Instruction Register Instruction Decoder Control Signal Generator

Pipelining ,[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems With pipelining, same number of instructions executes in less time. F D E F D E F D E F D E F D E F D E

Types of CPUs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

Processor ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

Cache Memories ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems Bus (66 MHz) Bus (66 MHz) CPU (400 MHz) Memory Device (10 MHz) CPU + Cache (400 MHz) Memory Device (10 MHz)

Read Operation with a Cache ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

Write Operation with a Cache ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

Memory Management Unit ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems VA PA CPU Memory Device MMU

System Bus ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems CPU Instruction/Data Memories CPU Instruction Memory Data Memory

System on Chip ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

Co-Processor ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

Memories ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

Volatile Memories Versus Non-Volatile Memories Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

Direct Memory Access ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems CPU DMA Memory IO Device

IO Devices ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

Internal IO Devices ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

External IO Devices ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

IO Controllers ,[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems CPU Signals Device Signals CPU IO Device IO Control

IO Address Allocation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

Memory Mapped IOs versus IO Mapped IOs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

IO Management ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

Interrupt Controller ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems CPU IO Device Interrupt Control

Interrupt Processing Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems Interrupt Control

On Chip Bus ,[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

Types of the SoC ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

Implementation Tradeoff Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

Embedded Boards ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

Embedded Boards cont’d ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

Exercise 2: Identify Your Embedded System Hardware ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

Program ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems Device Drivers Operating Systems Middleware Application

Programming Languages in Embedded Systems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

Machine Code and Assembly Programming ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

Assembly Instructions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

Pros and Cons of Assembly Language ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

C/C++ Programming ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

Bootloader ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

Device Drivers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems HLD Operating Systems Middleware Application LLD

Operating System ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

Middleware ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

Application ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

Embedded SW Application Form ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

The Endless Loop ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@ 2009 Real-Time Operating Systems DO FOREVER Request Input Device make a Measurement Wait for the Measurement to be ready Fetch the Value of the Measurement Process the Value of the Measurement IF Value is Reasonable THEN Prepare new Result using Value ELSE Result will be an Error Report Request Output Device deliver the Result Wait for the Result to be output Confirm that output is OK END DO

Basic Cyclic Executive ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@ 2009 Real-Time Operating Systems

Time-Driven Cyclic Executive ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@ 2009 Real-Time Operating Systems

Multi-Rate Cyclic Executive ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@ 2009 Real-Time Operating Systems

Limitation of Cyclic Executives ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@ 2009 Real-Time Operating Systems

Caution Adding Interrupts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@ 2009 Real-Time Operating Systems HW I/P Device ISR Shared Data Area SW using Data from ISR Old New

Multi-Rate Executive with Interrupts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@ 2009 Real-Time Operating Systems HW I/P Device ISR Shared Data Area Task Data Buffers DI Copy data from ISR buffers to task buffers EI

Faster Response: Preemptive Scheduling ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@ 2009 Real-Time Operating Systems Task 1 Task 2 Task 3 HW I/P Device ISR Task 3

Preemptive Scheduling Issues ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@ 2009 Real-Time Operating Systems Shared Data Area Task 1 Task 1 cont’d Task 2 with higher priority

An Intertask Communication Catalog ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@ 2009 Real-Time Operating Systems

An Intertask Communication Catalog cont’d ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@ 2009 Real-Time Operating Systems

Exercise 3: Identify Your Embedded System Software ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

Embedded Development Tools ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

Assembler ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

Compiler ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

Linker and Locator ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

Simulator ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

Debugger ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

Flash Loader ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

Profiler ,[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

Integrated Development Environment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

Schematic Capture/Circuit Design Tool ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

PCB Layout Design Tool ,[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

Oscilloscope ,[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

Exercise 4: Identify Your Embedded System Development Tools ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

Introduction to embedded systems

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Introduction to embedded systems

Editor's Notes