1. Measuring transpiration to understand plant function and its effect on water resources Steve Burgess

3. Dryland Salinity: 17 million Ha affected by 2050 Source: www.napswq.gov.au Source: NLWRA (2001a) Dryland salinity risk in south-west Western Australia 2000

11. Because of its symmetric configuration, the HRM can resolve zero flows Heat Ratio Method Zero sap flow T 2 T 1 Heater

12. V = thermal diffusivity x Ln T 1 probe distance T 2 Heat Ratio Method Flow velocity (V) is logarithmically related to the ratio of temperature increases up- and downstream from a heater T 2 T 1 Heater

13. Installation

14. Correction for wounding Heat ratio is attenuated by wounding and the ratio is no longer constant for a given velocity – at odds with Marshall’s theory Numerical modelling allows for corrections that account for the thermal behaviour of steel probes and of non-conductive wood Sensitivity to heat in the sap stream is reduced Vessels blocked by drilling/mechanical damage Conductive xylem Actual for 5 cm h -1 Marshall’s ‘ideal’ for 5 cm h -1

15. Heat ratio method -accuracy

19. Do fungal endophytes act as wicks? Micrographs by Adeline Fabre This is actually a Douglas Fir leaf

24. Total daily sap flow a a b b 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 1-Jul-2004 2-Jul-2004 E L (kg m -2 d -1 ) Non-riparian riparian