biodiesel.

2. Biodiesel:
Biodiesel produced by transesterification of
triglycerides with alcohol, is the
newest form of energy that has attracted the attention
of many researchers due to
various advantages associated with its usages.
OPTIMIZATION OF BIODIESEL
PRODUCTION FROM SUNFLOWER OIL
USING RESPONSE SURFACE
METHODOLOGY
•Petroleum is a non-renewable energy
source, which means that the resources of this kind of fossil fuel
are finite and
would be run out upon continuous use.
•Biodiesel is defined as a fuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters of
long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fats
•Biodiesel is a
plant derived product, and it contains oxygen in its molecule,
making it a cleaner
burning fuel than petrol and Diesel
•Vegetable oil is one of the renewable fuels which have become more
attractive recently because of its environmental benefits and the fact
that it is
made from renewable resources

3. Materials
Potassium
hydroxide

4. Equipments
•EUROSTAR power control-visc
P7 overhead stirrer
•The reactor employed was a LR 2000P
modularly expandable
laboratory reactor
• A mixer
with 8 to 290 rpm model EUROSTAR Power
control-Visc P7 Overhead stirrer for
mixing the medium of reaction was used.

5. Experiments and methods
•The most
common types of oils are sunflower oil.
•The batch reaction kinetic experiments
were employed to optimize various
parameters in the production of the methyl
esters.
•Two liter of sunflower oil
poured in the reactor and allowed to
equilibrate to the temperature of reaction
at
290 rpm.
•Variable quantities of catalyst were
dissolved in various
amount of methanol as described in each
test.
•the potassium methoxide was
added to the reactant and was
maintained for 2 hours for
completion of the reaction
After 2 hours the transesterification
reaction was completed and mixture
was withdrawn from the reactor and
poured in the funnel separator to
separates
biodiesel from glycerol.

6. Physical Properties
• It was seen that the flash point of biodiesel is 170 when that of petro-diesel is about 60.
•Kinematic viscosity of biodiesel
at 40, were higher than that of petro-diesel and is 3.6 cSt.
•Heating value of biodiesel was 39.58 MJ/Kg which is less than that of petro-diesel but only
9 percent
Response Surface Method
The method includes a full or fractional factorial design
with center points that are augmented with a group of star points. As the distance
from the center of the design space to a factorial point is defined as ±1 unit for
each factor, the distance from the center of the design space to a star point is ±α
with |α|>1. In this study, the central composite design was used to optimize
operating variables (temperature, catalyst concentration and oil to methanol ratio).

7. Results and Discussion
Fitting the model
Experimental yields were
analyzed to get a regression model. The predicted values of biodiesel yield were
calculated using the regression model and compared with the experimental values
Response surface analysis
Response surface has been applied successfully for optimization of biodiesel
production in fat and oil feedstocks, including mahua oil ,Jatropha oil ,
waste rapeseed oil and animal fat.

8. Optimization of extraction
condition
Under such
condition, the yield of biodiesel was predicted to be 97.54%. The experimental
work at this condition was performed due to maximum experimental yield. In this
work, highest yield of methyl ester at temperature of 48°C, catalyst concentration
of 0.679%wt, 290 rpm of stirrer, 2h and methanol to oil ratio of 6.825:1 is
obtained 98.181%.
Conclusion
•Response surface methodology was successfully applied for
transesterification of methanol.
•The ANOVA implied that molar ratio of alcohol to oil; reaction temperature and
concentration of catalyst have the great significant factor affecting the yield of
biodiesel.

9. •It was
predicted that the optimum reaction condition within the experimental range would
be the molar ratio of 6.825:1 and temperature of 48°C and concentration of KOH
equal to 0.679wt%. At the optimum condition we can reach to yield of 98.181%
•Finally, we can conclude
which biodiesel will be a suitable alternative for replacement of petro-diesel
without any modification in engine.