1. BAJA KIMIA TAAVEEKUNBAJA KIMIA TAAVEEKUN

2. KESAN PENGAMBILAN HUMIC ACID
• Humic Acid menggalak penyerapan nutrient oleh
akar, tahan kemarau dan membantu percambahan
biji benih. Ia menambah aktiviti mikrob didalam
tanah, sambil menjadi ajen pembiakan akar.
• Humic Acid menambahbaik sifat nutrient yang sedia
ada didalam tanah sambil secara semulajadinya
mengudara dan menyegarkan nutrient supaya lebih
mudah diserap oleh akar.
• Humic Acid membantu merendahkan pH tanah dan
membantu menyisihkan kandungan garam yang
tinggi di zon akar.

3. MANFAAT HUMIC ACID
• Humic Acid adalah pengalak biologikal (bio-
stimulant) dan sangat sesuai digunakan pada
biji benih, rumput, pokok semaian, pokok
renek, pokok saka, taman, pasu dan tanaman
dalam rumah.
• Apa sahaja yang tumbuh dan membesar
akan mendapat manfaat dari Humic Acid.

4. ZEOLITEZEOLITE
• Komponen terpenting, Zeolite dari
kumpulan “Clinoptilolite”, adalah bahan
organik lumpur gunung berapi yang telah
diiktiraf kualitinya oleh MARDI (Malaysian
Agricultural Research Department
Institute) di Malaysia.
• Fungsi Zeolite
• Membantu memperbaiki zon fizikal akar
dan ciri kimia tanah.

5. ZEOLITEZEOLITE
• Kebaikan Zeolite
• Meningkatkan kebolehan memegang air
oleh tanah.
• Membekalkan nutrien bila diperlukan.
• Memperbaiki keberkesanan penggunaan
baja.
• Membaiki kesuburan tanah.

6. ZEOLITEZEOLITE

7. Nutrient Asas
NITROGEN (N)
•Menggalak pertumbuhan daun dan
batang dengan dinamik sambil menambah
baik kualiti keseluruhan tanah.
•Komponen penting kepada molekul
klorofil yang memberikan warna hijau
pekat pada daun, pelepah dan batang.
•Membantu pengambilan elemen nutrient
utama yang lain secara teratur.

8. Nutrients Asas
PHOSPHOROUS (P)
• Digunakan dalam pembentukan,
pemindahan dan pertukaran tenaga
didalam tumbuhan
• Mempengaruhi percambahan akar
diperingkat awal dan tumbesaran
pokok
• Menggalak kestabilan pokok, iaitu
pertumbuhan yang seimbang secara
semulajadi.
 Nisbah pertumbuhan akar : batang :
daun.
 Nisbah kedalaman akar : ketinggian
pokok.

9. • Diperlukan oleh pokok dalam
kuantiti yang banyak, kedua selepas
nitrogen
• Komponen utama dalam pembinaan
karbohidrat, makanan untuk pokok
• Menggalakan pertumbuhan akar
dan keupayaan menahan
kegersangan
• Menambah toleransi pokok kepada
kemarau dan kedinginan
• Komponen utama dalam
memperkukuhkan kekuatan dinding
sel pokok dan ketahanan kepada
penyakit
POTASSIUM / kalium (K)
Nutrient Asas

10. Nutrient Sekunder
• Mempengaruhi pH tanah
yang sesuai untuk pokok
• Penting untuk
pembentukan struktur
dinding sel dan
pembahagi sel pokok
• Membantu pengukuhan
struktur tanah,
penyimpanan dan
penyerapan air
Calcium (Ca)

11. Nutrient Sekunder
• Memainkan peranan
penting dalam proses
fotosintesis dan
penghasilan klorofil
• Komponen mustahak
dalam semua bentuk
enzim didalam pokok
• Penting dalam membantu
pemindahan fosforus
(phosphorous) dalam
pokok
Magnesuim (Mg)

12. Nutrient Sekunder
• Bekerjasama dengan
nitrogen bagi
menghasilkan protin
untuk pertumbuhan
pokok.
• Memainkan peranan
penting dalam
pembentukan oksigen
oleh pokok.
• Mempengaruhi kadar
aktiviti mikroorganisma
dalam tanah.
Sulfur (S)

13. Mikronutrient
•
Diperlukan dalam
pembentukan klorofil
•
Kekurangan Iron banyak
terdapat dalam tanah yang
basah, sejuk dan pH tanah yang
tinggi
• Membantu pengaktifan proses
bio-kimia didalam pokok
Iron / ferum (Fe) / (besi)

14. • Penting dalam
penbentukan klorofil dan
keaktifan pertumbuhan
sel diawal tumbesaran
pokok.
• Selalunya terkandung
dengan kuantiti yang
cukup didalam tanah.
Manganese (Mn)
Mikronutrient

15. Zinc (Zn)
•Diperlukan dalam
penghasilan klorofil oleh
pokok
Mikronutrient

16. Copper (Cu)
•Penting dalam proses sintesis
pertumbuhan pokok bersama
nutrient tertentu termasuk pokok
sawit
•Bertindak sebagai pemangkin
untuk beberapa enzim penting
•Diperlukan dalam kuantiti yang
sedikit; kuantiti berlebihan boleh
menjadi keracunan kepada pokok
renek dan rumput.
•Kekurangan Cu biasanya terdapat
pada tanah alkali (pH tinggi), tanah
organik atau tanah yang berair
Mikronutrient

17. KEBAIKAN MENGGUNAKAN
DOLOMITE
DOLOMITE SEBAGAI
PENSTABIL TANAH
(SOIL CONDITIONER)
Dolomite boleh digunakan didalam
pertanian untuk mengawal pH tanah pada
tahap yang sesuai dan membekalkan
Magnesium sebagai penganti kieserite.
Menstabil pH tanah yang sesuai adalah
penting untuk mendapatkan hasil pokok
yang maksima, sama seperti pembajaan,
saliran dan pengawalan perosak pokok.
Dolomite yang bersifat asid sitrik akan
menlepaskan MgO secara perlahan dan
akan memberi manfaat kepada pokok
dalam jangka panjang.

18. KEBAIKAN MENGGUNAKAN
DOLOMITE
• Semua tananam secara amnya mengnyahkan Calcium
(CaO) and Magnesium (MgO) pada kadar yang berbeza
dari tanah melalui pemindahan hasil.
• Keasidan tanah terus terbina secara perlahan apabila
kelembapan menyerap kedalam tanah sambil membawa
uraian nutrient dibawah paras zon akar atau secara
melarut dalam air berlebihan.
• Kehilangan Calcium and Magnesium ini akan diganti
oleh Hydrogen and Aluminium yang menyebabkan
petambahan keasidan tanah.
• Penggunaan baja yang membentuk asid juga
menyebabkan keasidan tanah meningkat.
• Dolomite membantu penstabilan pH & struktur tanah

19. KESAN MENGGUNAKAN
DOLOMITE
• Membetulkan keasidan tanah.
• Membekal kalsium and magnesium.
Memanjangkan tempoh kehadiran sesetengah
nutrient untuk pokok.
• Menggalak aktiviti biologikal yang diperlukan.
• Membaiki sesetengah struktur tanah.

20. Kesan tanah berasidKesan tanah berasid
• Tanah yang berasid akan meruntun pertumbuhan akar
dan pokok, mengurangkan penyerapan nutrient pokok,
mengurangkan aktiviti biologikal yang diperlukan dan
menambah elemen bertoksik didalam tanah.
• Jika tahap keasidan tanah tidak diurus dengan baik,
kesan baik dari aktiviti mahal yang lain seperti
penanaman, pembajaan, masa dan aktiviti amalan
pengurusan tanaman tidak akan menerbitkan hasil yang
diharapkan.

21. FUNGSI NUTRIENTFUNGSI NUTRIENT
DALAM BAJADALAM BAJA
MENGAPA PERLU KEPADA BAJAMENGAPA PERLU KEPADA BAJA
•Tanah memerlukan senggaraan kesuburan.Tanah memerlukan senggaraan kesuburan.
•Tanah adalah unsur semulajadi yang terdiri dari batuTanah adalah unsur semulajadi yang terdiri dari batu
batan, galian dan bahan organik.batan, galian dan bahan organik.
•Pasir, mendapan, tanah dan bahan organik membantuPasir, mendapan, tanah dan bahan organik membantu
membentuk curam, pengudaraan dan kadar penyerapanmembentuk curam, pengudaraan dan kadar penyerapan
air, tetapi ianya jarang menyimpan makanan secukupnyaair, tetapi ianya jarang menyimpan makanan secukupnya
untuk tumbuhan terus membesar dengan subur.untuk tumbuhan terus membesar dengan subur.
•Baja berfungsi menambah kandungan nutrient dalamBaja berfungsi menambah kandungan nutrient dalam
tanah untuk pertumbuhan dan pembesaran pokok yangtanah untuk pertumbuhan dan pembesaran pokok yang
lebih sempurna.lebih sempurna.

22. APAKAH BAJA?APAKAH BAJA?
•Terdapat 17 elemen yang diketahui amatTerdapat 17 elemen yang diketahui amat
diperlukan oleh pokok untuk pertumbuhandiperlukan oleh pokok untuk pertumbuhan
dan pembesarannya.dan pembesarannya.
•Baja, jua dikenali sebagai elemen makananBaja, jua dikenali sebagai elemen makanan
pokok, adalah bahan yang membekalkanpokok, adalah bahan yang membekalkan
elemen ini yang dalam bentuk sedia diambil /elemen ini yang dalam bentuk sedia diambil /
diserap untuk digunakan oleh pokok.diserap untuk digunakan oleh pokok.

23. SUMBER ELEMEN:SUMBER ELEMEN:
UDARA, AIR, TANAH DANUDARA, AIR, TANAH DAN
BAJABAJA
Nitrogen
(N)
Phosphorus
(P)
Potassium
(K)
Calcium
(Ca)
Magnesium
(Mg)
Sulfur (S)
Iron (Fe) Manganese
(Mn)
Zinc (Zn)
Copper
(Cu)
Boron (B) Nickle (Ni)
Chlorine
(Cl)
Molybdenum
(Mo)
Carbon
(C)
Hydrogen (H) Oxygen (O)

24. • Tiga dari tujuh belas elemen penting ini, iaitu karbon, hidrogenTiga dari tujuh belas elemen penting ini, iaitu karbon, hidrogen
dan oksigen diambil oleh pokok dari udara dan air.dan oksigen diambil oleh pokok dari udara dan air.
• Oksigen dan hidrogen diambil oleh tumbuhan dari air. KarbonOksigen dan hidrogen diambil oleh tumbuhan dari air. Karbon
dan hidrogen diserap dari udara oleh daun.dan hidrogen diserap dari udara oleh daun.
• Empat belas elemen lain yang digunakan oleh pokok mestiEmpat belas elemen lain yang digunakan oleh pokok mesti
diperolehi dari tanah atau bahan yang mengandungi bajadiperolehi dari tanah atau bahan yang mengandungi baja..
• Pemindahan elemen termasuk penyerapan, pengwapan danPemindahan elemen termasuk penyerapan, pengwapan dan
hakisan menyebabkan kesuburan tanah terus berkurangan.hakisan menyebabkan kesuburan tanah terus berkurangan.
Tumbuhan akan berwarna sakit (kuning-hijau kepada kuning),Tumbuhan akan berwarna sakit (kuning-hijau kepada kuning),
ketumpatan pokok yang rendah menyebabkan pertumbuhanketumpatan pokok yang rendah menyebabkan pertumbuhan
rumput dan berkurangnya kesuburan pokok akanrumput dan berkurangnya kesuburan pokok akan
memudahkan serangan penyakit dan serangga perosak.memudahkan serangan penyakit dan serangga perosak.
• Produktivit tanah boleh disenggara melalui pengurusan tanahProduktivit tanah boleh disenggara melalui pengurusan tanah
yang baik dan pembajaan berjadual yang mempunyai berbagaiyang baik dan pembajaan berjadual yang mempunyai berbagai
elemen baja.elemen baja.

25. WHY DOESN’T FERTILIZERWHY DOESN’T FERTILIZER
HAVE 100% PLANT FOOD?HAVE 100% PLANT FOOD?
A fertilizer 16-6-8 analysis adds up to 30%A fertilizer 16-6-8 analysis adds up to 30%
plant food or thirty pounds per hundredplant food or thirty pounds per hundred
pounds of material.pounds of material.
What is the other 70%?What is the other 70%?
It is not a filler; it is the way the plant food isIt is not a filler; it is the way the plant food is
chemically compounded so plants can utilizechemically compounded so plants can utilize
it.it.

26. Plants can’t use elemental nitrogen (N), they only takePlants can’t use elemental nitrogen (N), they only take
up nitrogen when it is in the NO3 or NH4 form.up nitrogen when it is in the NO3 or NH4 form.
This means that for each part of nitrogen you haveThis means that for each part of nitrogen you have
three parts of oxygen with (NO3) or 4 parts ofthree parts of oxygen with (NO3) or 4 parts of
hydrogen with (NH4).hydrogen with (NH4).
When nitrogen is in a compound which is available toWhen nitrogen is in a compound which is available to
plants, nitrogen is only part of the compound.plants, nitrogen is only part of the compound.
The same is true with phosphorus and the otherThe same is true with phosphorus and the other
elements.elements.
Phosphorus is absorbed by plants as H2PO4–, HPO4Phosphorus is absorbed by plants as H2PO4–, HPO4
= or PO4 = depending upon soil pH.= or PO4 = depending upon soil pH.

27. If fertilizers were in the elemental form,If fertilizers were in the elemental form,
they would be difficult to handle:they would be difficult to handle:
ElementalElemental nitrogen (N)nitrogen (N) –a colorless–a colorless
inert gas that could drift off into the air.inert gas that could drift off into the air.
ElementalElemental phosphorus (P)phosphorus (P) –catches–catches
fire spontaneously when exposed tofire spontaneously when exposed to
the air. It is actually poisonous to plantsthe air. It is actually poisonous to plants
in concentrated forms.in concentrated forms.
ElementalElemental potassium (K)potassium (K) –placed in–placed in
contact with water it will catch fire,contact with water it will catch fire,
explode and decompose into a strongexplode and decompose into a strong
caustic solution.caustic solution.

28. FUNCTIONS OF THE 14 ELEMENTS OBTAINEDFUNCTIONS OF THE 14 ELEMENTS OBTAINED
FROM THE SOIL AND ADDED FERTILIZERFROM THE SOIL AND ADDED FERTILIZER
A. Primary Plant Food ElementsA. Primary Plant Food Elements
Nitrogen Plants rapidly utilize these elements and unfertilizedNitrogen Plants rapidly utilize these elements and unfertilized
Phosphorus soils normally cannot provide them in quantitiesPhosphorus soils normally cannot provide them in quantities
needed for Potassium (Potash) best plant growth.needed for Potassium (Potash) best plant growth.
Nitrogen (N)Nitrogen (N)
1. Promotes rapid vegetative growth (leaf and stems)1. Promotes rapid vegetative growth (leaf and stems)
hastening recovery after mowing and imparting vigor to thehastening recovery after mowing and imparting vigor to the
turf.turf.
2. A vital element in the formation and function of2. A vital element in the formation and function of
chlorophyll–the key ingredient imparting dark green color.chlorophyll–the key ingredient imparting dark green color.
3. Synthesizes amino acids which in turn form protein.3. Synthesizes amino acids which in turn form protein.
4. Regulates the uptake of other nutrients.4. Regulates the uptake of other nutrients.
5. Basic ingredient of vital compounds - Nucleic acid and5. Basic ingredient of vital compounds - Nucleic acid and
enzymes.enzymes.

29. Phosphorus (P)Phosphorus (P)
1. Stimulates early root formation and growth–gets1. Stimulates early root formation and growth–gets
plants off to a good start and forms a root filter systemplants off to a good start and forms a root filter system
in the soil to efficiently pick up the other available plantin the soil to efficiently pick up the other available plant
nutrients and water. Improves the strength and staminanutrients and water. Improves the strength and stamina
of the plant.of the plant.
2. Hastens maturity (conversion of starch to sugar).2. Hastens maturity (conversion of starch to sugar).
3. Stimulates blooming and seed development.3. Stimulates blooming and seed development.
4. Causes energy transformation and conversion4. Causes energy transformation and conversion
processes in which sugars are converted toprocesses in which sugars are converted to
hormones, protein and energy to grow new leaveshormones, protein and energy to grow new leaves
and fruit.and fruit.
5. Forms nucleic acids (DNA and RNA).5. Forms nucleic acids (DNA and RNA).
6. Vital for photosynthesis (greening for plants).6. Vital for photosynthesis (greening for plants).
7. Essential for cell division.7. Essential for cell division.

30. Potassium (K)Potassium (K)
1. Aids in the development of stems and leaves.1. Aids in the development of stems and leaves.
2. Increases disease resistance and hardiness which2. Increases disease resistance and hardiness which
helps wear ability.helps wear ability.
3. Strengthens cell walls, causing grass to stand up3. Strengthens cell walls, causing grass to stand up
and reduces lodging.and reduces lodging.
4. Affects water intake by plant cells–plants with4. Affects water intake by plant cells–plants with
inadequate potassium may wilt in the presence ofinadequate potassium may wilt in the presence of
ample moisture.ample moisture.
5. Acts as a catalyst in Iron uptake.5. Acts as a catalyst in Iron uptake.
6. Essential to the formation and translocation of6. Essential to the formation and translocation of
protein, starches, sugar and oil–improving the size andprotein, starches, sugar and oil–improving the size and
quality of fruit, grains and tubers.quality of fruit, grains and tubers.

31. B. Secondary Plant Food ElementsB. Secondary Plant Food Elements
Calcium They are used in somewhat less quantities than the primaryCalcium They are used in somewhat less quantities than the primary
Magnesium elements, but they are just as essential for plant growth andMagnesium elements, but they are just as essential for plant growth and
Sulfur quality.Sulfur quality.
Calcium (Ca)Calcium (Ca)
1. Calcium is an essential part of cell wall structure and must be present for1. Calcium is an essential part of cell wall structure and must be present for
the formation of new cells.the formation of new cells.
2. Deficiency of calcium causes weakened stemsand premature shedding2. Deficiency of calcium causes weakened stemsand premature shedding
of blossoms and buds.of blossoms and buds.
Magnesium (Mg)Magnesium (Mg)
1. Essential for photosynthesis (greening of plant).1. Essential for photosynthesis (greening of plant).
2. Activator for many plant enzymes required in growth process.2. Activator for many plant enzymes required in growth process.
Sulfur (S)Sulfur (S)
1. A constituent of three amino acids and is therefore essential in the1. A constituent of three amino acids and is therefore essential in the
formation of protein.formation of protein.
2. Helps maintain green color in plants.2. Helps maintain green color in plants.
3. Improves alkaline soils.3. Improves alkaline soils.
4. Helps compacted soils–making them loose and allowing better water4. Helps compacted soils–making them loose and allowing better water
penetration.penetration.
Sulfur Note–There are commonly two types of sulfur applied to plants andSulfur Note–There are commonly two types of sulfur applied to plants and
soils:soils:
Sulfate Sulfur - (SO4); Elemental Sulfur (S)Sulfate Sulfur - (SO4); Elemental Sulfur (S)

32. Sulfate Sulfur (SO4)Sulfate Sulfur (SO4)
Sulfate Sulfur (SO4) is the form taken up for plant food.Sulfate Sulfur (SO4) is the form taken up for plant food.
Many plants require as much sulfur as phosphate inMany plants require as much sulfur as phosphate in
their growth processes.their growth processes.
Sulfate Sulfur (SO4) is contained in gypsum (CaSO4)Sulfate Sulfur (SO4) is contained in gypsum (CaSO4)
and other sulfate fertilizers–Ammonium Sulfate,and other sulfate fertilizers–Ammonium Sulfate,
Ammonium Phosphate Sulfate and many turf fertilizers.Ammonium Phosphate Sulfate and many turf fertilizers.
Gypsum (CaSO4) will help reclaim alkali soils and makeGypsum (CaSO4) will help reclaim alkali soils and make
them loose and friable. Alkali soils contain sodium whichthem loose and friable. Alkali soils contain sodium which
causes soil to disperse, puddle and seal up. The freecauses soil to disperse, puddle and seal up. The free
calcium from gypsum will replace the sodium on thecalcium from gypsum will replace the sodium on the
clay particle and allow the sodium to be leached out ofclay particle and allow the sodium to be leached out of
the soil.the soil.
It also causes the small soil particles to flocculate (joinIt also causes the small soil particles to flocculate (join
together in small crumbs), leaving space between themtogether in small crumbs), leaving space between them
for air and water movement.for air and water movement.

33. Chlorophyll in the plant cell (causes turf to maintain aChlorophyll in the plant cell (causes turf to maintain a
healthy green color). It serves as a catalyst forhealthy green color). It serves as a catalyst for
biological processes such as respiration, symbioticbiological processes such as respiration, symbiotic
fixation of nitrogen and photosynthesis.fixation of nitrogen and photosynthesis.
Applications of iron can correct iron deficiency, but itApplications of iron can correct iron deficiency, but it
may be temporary in high pH soils, due to tie up withmay be temporary in high pH soils, due to tie up with
calcium.calcium.
This may require acidification of the soil withThis may require acidification of the soil with
elemental sulfur or the use of ammonium forms ofelemental sulfur or the use of ammonium forms of
nitrogen or some other acidification agents.nitrogen or some other acidification agents.
As ammonium converts to nitrate in the soil, it has anAs ammonium converts to nitrate in the soil, it has an
acidifying effect. This acidifying effect makes ironacidifying effect. This acidifying effect makes iron
and many other elements more available in high pHand many other elements more available in high pH
soils.soils.

34. Zinc (Zn)Zinc (Zn)
Zinc is an essential component of several plantZinc is an essential component of several plant
enzymes. It is a part of auxins and controls the synthesisenzymes. It is a part of auxins and controls the synthesis
of indoleacetic acid which regulates growth compounds.of indoleacetic acid which regulates growth compounds.
Zinc also affects the intake and efficient use of water byZinc also affects the intake and efficient use of water by
plants.plants.
Manganese (Mn)Manganese (Mn)
Manganese serves as an activator for enzymes inManganese serves as an activator for enzymes in
plants. Without Manganese, the plants cannot use theplants. Without Manganese, the plants cannot use the
iron which they have absorbed. It assists the iron iniron which they have absorbed. It assists the iron in
chlorophyll formation which causes yellowish turf tochlorophyll formation which causes yellowish turf to
green up.green up.