The document discusses production force management techniques for oil palm plantations. It describes managing the roots and canopy to improve yields. Roots management focuses on increasing active roots and controlling nutrient availability. Canopy management involves optimizing leaf coverage and density to boost photosynthesis. Using these techniques, plantation yields can be increased by 30-50% compared to conventional methods by improving growth processes and nutrient absorption. The document advocates adopting a "production force management" approach to solve low yield problems and increase profits in oil palm industries.

1. MEMET HAKIM
EMHA TRAINING CENTER & ADVISORY
SERVICES
Bandung, Indonesia
12/4/2013Plantation Management Conference,
KL, 4-5 Desember, 2013
1
PRODUCTION FORCE
MANAGEMENT ON OIL PALM

2. Production Force Management
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1. Roots Management
 The purpose of roots management is to ensure an
effective and efficient provision of additional
nutrients.
2. Canopy Management
These management are play the important
role to
push the palm yield.

3. Roots Management
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(1). Increasing number of active
roots
(2). Roots environmental
condition
(Rhizosphere area)
(3). Control of nutrients
avaibility in
the soil in order to

4. Canopy Management
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(1) Leaf management
palm leaves covering capacity of the soil surface 
will be push the productivity of the palm yield.
(2)To support capability of leaf cover the
soil surface
a. number of palm per ha (density)
b. leaf surface area
c. leaf growth.
(3) Increased absorption capacity of the
root
high density planting will resulting better yield, without
quality effect.

5. New Paradigm Approach
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New paradigm
Production force management
Under soil management
Canopy Management
Rezosfer Management
• Soil environment
• Available of nutrient
• Roots Management
• Total Roots alive
• Nutrient Avaibility
Leaves/Frond Leaf Surface Density
Photosynthese & Roots
Leaves Trunk
Microorganism
e.g Micoriza, Azotobacter
Light
Intensity
FFB
Yields

6. Production
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 Using the “production force management”,
plantation companies can survive in any
conditions and even gain adequate profit.
 On Oil Palm, the Production Force Management
boosting the profit minimum around 30 %.
 Foundations of OIL PALM plantation companies :
1. production.
2. production
3. production.

7. Obstacles
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 Theoretically, it seems that increasing productivity
is easy. It is often discussed in many forums.
Nevertheless, practically, it is difficult to increase
productivity, especially for those who do not have
the competence,strong intention and passion.
 The biggest obstacle is from the production
division itself. It is difficult to understand, but this
is the fact. The lack of motivation, passion and
competence and also the complicated
bureaucracy have strengthen this belief.

8. OIL PALM Plantation as Biological
Industry
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 Plantation industry is a biological industry that
cannot be increased as fast as other industrial
products.
 Biological process : the plant cells can really
support the increase of the productivity in
accordance with the potential.
 Good inputs come in the form of humid soil
,weeds control , pruning, density, etc. then inputs
(nutrients) can be well absorbed by roots and
have metabolism and photosynthesis can run
well.
 The output of plants in forms of FFB yield and
kernel will also increase if all the processes above
run well.
Commonly, the agronomists and executives have already
satisfied when they have given the fertilizers based on the

9. Gaps
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 Level of OIL PALM yield potential, about 35-45
tons/ha, but the realization is only around or
under20-25 tons/ha/year
 The question is why the difference (gap) between
the productivity and the result in the field is very
significant ?
 The production force management can solve all
of these productivity problems.

10. Focus of Interests
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 The growth of plants can increase the plant yield
minimum 30 % and in certain condition the
increase can reach above 50 %.
 The plants growth can also be influenced by the
physical and chemical soil properties,
 Physical Properties :Surface of soil water table,
infiltration and permeability,
 Chemicals Properties : pH (H2O and KCl), Cation
Exchange Capacity, basal saturation, C-organic,
soil nutrients
 Humid Soil or limited Irrigation.

11. Roots in Dry Soil
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 In dry soil, roots tend to have longer and wider
size as they have to search for the appropriate
soil moisture.
 In wet soil where the surface of the water table is
below 1 m, the soil moisture is better but the the
size of the roots is shorter.
 Thus, the opinion that OIL PALM can damage the
soil and the soil surface water system is certainly
wrong.
 Commonly, the depth of roots is around 1-1.5 m,
but the roots with the most layers with adequate
moisture are located in the depth of 0-60 cm.

12. The business principles
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 High productivity will certainly reduce the cost
price.
 input  process  output
 This is the real art in the plantation business.
 Roots management is likely to increase the
productivity around more than 30 % of ffb yield.

13. Plantation Management Conference, KL, 4-5
Desember, 2013
Plantation Industry Charateristics
 Biological Industry
 Potential Yield : Depend on Genetics Factor dan
Environtment (Input)
 Genetics Factor: Crossing pattern
 Environtment Factor : Agronomical Technique
Input PROSES OutputInput PROCESS
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14. Oil Palm Roots Potential
------------------------- (be attention active roots)
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Figure 3.

15. OIL PALM Active Roots
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16. OIL PALM Canopy
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17. WB norm and PFM norm of ffb Yield
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0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
WB
PFM

18. WB norm and PFM norm of ffb Yield
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0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 5 10 15 20 25 30

19. Accelerate the leaf canopy
techniques
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 There are two technique to accelerate the leaf
canopy i.e. :
 row spacing (low density planting & high density
planting)
 improve the growth
 Increase the number of palm leaves to become
better leaf area index.
 In fact it is very closely related to the absorption
capacity of the root.

20. 12/4/2013
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Memet Hakim, Bandung, Indonesia,
memethakim@gmail.com