some slides in English on the basics of chemistry

1. WHAT IS CHEMISTRY?WHAT IS CHEMISTRY?
Is a basic science evolved from the
medieval practice of alchemy.
Its foundations were Boyle, Avogadro,
Lavoisier, Dalton and other.

2. Chemistry has to study:Chemistry has to study:
The structure and behaviour of atoms;
Compositions and properties of compounds;
Reactions between substance end their
energy exchange;
Why elements have some characteristic.

3. There are two branches ofThere are two branches of
chemistry:chemistry:
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Examines differences between all
the different kind of atom;
Study all substance except
Hydrocarbons and their
derivates.
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Study all compounds of carbon except :
•Binary compounds: carbon oxides;
•Ternary compounds: metallic cyanides
•Metallic carbonates: calcium carbonate,
sodium carbonate

4. CLASSIFICATION OF MATTERCLASSIFICATION OF MATTER

5. STATES OF MATTERSTATES OF MATTER
SolidSolid LiquidLiquid GasGas
Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

6. The representation of theThe representation of the
elementselements
First letter of its name
and another letter
Carbon C
Calcium Ca
Cobalt Co
Chlorine Cl
Chromium Cr
Latin name
Sodium(Natrium) Na
Copper(Cuprum) Cu
Iron(Ferrum) Fe

7. Periodic Table of ElementsPeriodic Table of Elements

8. What’s in a square?What’s in a square?
Different periodic tables can
include various bits of
information, but usually:
 atomic number
 symbol
 atomic mass
 number of valence
electrons
 state of matter at room
temperature.

9. FamiliesFamilies
 Columns of elements are
called groups or families.
 Elements in each family
have similar but not
identical properties.
 For example, lithium (Li),
sodium (Na), potassium
(K), and other members
of family IA are all soft,
white, shiny metals.
 All elements in a family
have the same number of
valence electrons.

10. PeriodsPeriods
 Each horizontal row of
elements is called a
period.
 The elements in a period
are not alike in properties.
 In fact, the properties
change greatly across
even given row.
 The first element in a
period is always an
extremely active solid.
The last element in a
period, is always an
inactive gas.

11. Properties of MetalsProperties of Metals
 Good conductors of heat
and electricity.
 Shining.
 Ductile (can be stretched
into thin wires).
 Malleable (can be
pounded into thin sheets).
 Reacts with the air, this
reactions is called
corrosion.
To preserve metal from
corrosion we can keep air
away from the metal or
change its properties by
making alloy:a mixture of
2 or more metal.
They are mixed when they
are in liquid form and
then they are made to
cool and solidfy.

12. Properties of Non-MetalsProperties of Non-Metals
• Non-metals are poor
conductors of heat and
electricity.
• Non-metals are not
ductile or malleable.
• Solid non-metals are
brittle and break easily.
• They are dull.
• Many non-metals are
gases.

13. Properties of MetalloidsProperties of Metalloids
• Metalloids (metal-like)
have properties of both
metals and non-metals.
• They are solids that can
be shiny or dull.
• They conduct heat and
electricity better than non-
metals but not as well as
metals.
• They are ductile and
malleable.

14. THE ENDTHE END
(Clap your hands)