Workshop on Higher Education and Professional Responsibility in CBRN Applied Sciences and Technology across the Sub-Mediterranean Region 3-4 April 2012. Palazzo Zorzi, Venice Session 2. Science and Society - Identifying Priorities and New Technologies Challenges

1. Mr. Mohamed Ben Hassine
Venice 3-4 April 2012
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2. Tunisia is smallest country in
north Africa. Its area is 163610 Km2
Total Population : 10,25 millions
With in average density of 55
inhabitants per square km2
But ¾ of the population lives in
coastel areas!!
2

3. Very uneven distribution of rainfall
Inter-annual Isohyèts of Tunisia
Average rainfall: 295 mm/year
On average : 1500 mm/year
d= 350 km !
!!
On average : < 100 mm/ year
!!
www.semide.tn
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4. Water resources:
Rainfall : 36 billion cubic meters per year
Potentiel fund water resources :
 4.825 million m³ per year, about 450 m³/hab.year
Water schortage!
The River of Medjerda, which originates in Algeria, empties into the Gulf of
Tunis after a total journey of 416 km. The rivers of the South are often dry in
summer and turn very quickly into violent and dangerous torrents with the first
rains. They feed the inner basins (Chott), the most important is the Chott El
Jerid
4

5. Distribution of water resources
north
81% of surface water. The far north (or 3%
of the surface) provides 36% of the
country's potential
Ressources renouvelables totales en eau : 55% of groundwater
18% of deep aquifers
the center
12% of surface
30% of groundwater
24% of deep aquifers
south
7% of surface
15% of groundwater (brackish)
58% of deep aquifers
(fossil)
Water uses
Industries
4,2 % Communitie
s 13,8 %
Irrigation +
kennel 82%
www.semide.tn
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6. Key challenges
Optimized resources +
Ensure the current economy + water reuse
and future needs of non-conventional
water
Preserve the quality
of resources Pollution Control…
6

7. Funded by World Bank
Inventory of potential sources of water pollution (2004)
756 sources of pollution
234 receiving environments (100 sheets and 134
and rivers , sebkhat)
156 million cubic meters of waste per year
81,000 tons of COD annually
7

8. Implémentation of a national control of
water pollution
8

9. partners in:
National Agency of Environmental Protection in Tunisia
Aquapôle (University of Liege) in Belgium
Duration: 42 months
1 January 2007 to June 30, 2010 State Budget
55%
Original Budget: 790,593 Euros (1.3 Million DT) Européan
€ 448,620 (EC) commission
€ 331,973 (Tunisian State Budget) 43% Aquapôle
€ 10,000 (Aquapôle) 2%
+ Additional 160,000 euros (Tunisian State
Budget)
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10. Strengthening the National Agency of
Environmental Protection in Tunisia in its
monitoring of water pollution
Capacity building
Strengthening of existing equipment
strengthening of coordination between
different actors of monitoring water in
Tunisia
10

11. Development of a Procédures manual
Acquisition of two mobile labs + équipment
Technical Visits in Belgium
training in Tunisia
Réalization of the measurement campaigns
Dissemination of résults
11

12. Step 1: defining the terms of reference
Methodology: organization of a participatory workshop "ZOPP"
32 participants involved in water monitoring in Tunisia
(governments, universities, research centers)
duration: 2 days
12

13. Step 2: Implementing Procedures Manual
Methodology:
- The points of the network: cf. Studies PISEAU I
- Choice of parameters: based sources of pollution identified
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14. Methodology:
 The points of the network: cf. Studies PISEAU I
 Choice of parameters: based sources of pollution identified
 Grid for determining the parameters
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15. Step 2: Implementing Procedures Manual
Methodology:
 The points of the network: cf. Studies PISEAU I
Choice of parameters: based sources of pollution identified
 Grid identification of pollution
proceedings
 procedures
 Field forms
15

16. Step 1: preparation of specifications
Established on the basis of experience and Walloon Tunisian and
research by Aquapôle
Step 2: Launch of international competitive bidding
 Realization of a international tender, the first tender has been
unsuccessful, so we had to go through a second tender. The contract
was awarded to a supplier Tunisia (WAFA LAB)
Step 3: receipt of material

17. Mobile Laboratories

18. First mission (september 2007):
3 frames (2 ANPE+ 1 ONAS)
Meetings with experts and stakeholders controlling water pollution in RW
Splitting of water
Division of Environment Pollution
Directorate General for Natural Resources and Environment
Scientific Institute of Public Service
CEBEDEAU
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19. Visits infrastructure: sewage treatment plants, automatic station
monitoring water quality laboratories ...
19

20. Second mission (september 2008):
3 engineers (2 ANPE+ 1 DGRE)
Meetings, technical discussions and working sessions on the ground with
counterparts responsible for monitoring water pollution in Wallonia
Scientific Institute of Public Service
CEBEDEAU
Visits infrastructure: sewage treatment , analysis laboratories ...
20

21. Third mission (january 2010):
3 technicians (ANPE)
Meetings, technical discussions
sessions and field work
with counterparts in charge of
control of water pollution
in Wallonia
Visits infrastructure: sewage treatment , analysis laboratories …
21

22. First session (March 2008): "Choice and meaning of the
parameters, interpretation of results", performed by the CEBEDEAU
and the Faculty of Science, University of Monastir
13 participants (ANPE, Directorate General of Water
Resources, National Office of Sanitation, Ministry of Public Health and
the International Centre for Environmental Technologies of Tunis).
Second session (june 2009): "Hardware Maintenance", performed by
suppliers
22

23. Third session (December 2009): "Protocols and methods of water
analysis" conducted by the CEBEDEAU
10 participants (ANPE, Directorate General of Water Resources and Ministry of
Public Health).
23

24. Matérial and méthods
Campaigns are carried out by three mobile laboratories, mobile units
equipped with instruments for sampling, storage, measurement and data
processing.
Analyzes are performed:
on site with portable devices
inside the mobile laboratory
in the laboratory fixed (base)
by other approved laboratories
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25. Résults
Receiving media control was reinforced by the cover of the new sites in
northern, central and southern Tunisia.
Since 1 January 2004
110 receiving media controlled either:
Measurement points 896
and 24030 analyzes
25

26. Evolution of the number of analyze
nombre d'analyse
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Number of 1140 1244 1618 1280 3114 3724 7375 4535
analyzes
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27. Examples of conclusions from the results of receiving
environment monitoring
 River of Medjerda: Some tributaries of the river Medjerda , river Siliana
particular, are characterized by high salinity and a high COD for certain
items such as river Beja. While at the level of the main course, there is a
stability of most parameters except salinity and phosphates that have
exceeded, slightly, the limits set by the draft standard.
river Medjerda river Siliana

28. Examples of conclusions from the results of
receiving environment monitoring
 Groundwater of Tunisia :
temperature, pH, salinity and nitrates are stable at most measurement
points with the exception of a point located at the level of the water
Manouba for which there was a high value of nitrates.
 Lagoons of Halg Elmengel :
pure high values ​of COD were observed probably related to
discharges of treated wastewater.

29. Website
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30. Publications
Activity reports: every 6 months or 5-speed + 1 Interim
Report
Newsletters: presentation and discussion of campaign
results
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31. Publications
Activity reports: every 6 months or 5-speed + 1 Interim
Report
Annual reports : 2007, 2008 et 2009, 2010
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32. Publications
Paper présentation in english
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33. Media
Participation in radio broadcasts
Articles in the tunisien press
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34. Seminar in Tunis (March 25, 2008)
Regional Symposium in Tunis (March 22, 2010)
 thème : monitoring and pollution control
Opening by the Minister of the Environment and Sustainable Development
One hundred participants from 4
countries
(Tunisia, Morocco, France and
Belgium) the participation of
Including
European Commission Delegation in
Tunis, the Wallonia-Brussels
Delegation in Tunis, the National
Office of Drinking Water
(Morocco), the Cooperation
Committee Marseille Provence
Mediterranean (France), EMWIS
Directorate General of Water
Resources,

35. Film
Directed by University of Liège: Daniel BAY
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36. PISEAU II
COPEAU II
Startup : second semester 2010
Budget : 1,5 million DT
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37. 1- COPEAU II : 1,1 million DT
- Acquisition of small mobile units for water analysis (in
reinforcement of existing three mobile laboratories)
- Purchase of reagents and consumables
- Supply and installation of six fixed stations control water
pollution along the Medjerda (remote transmission range)
- Monitoring PISEAU II (agricultural pollution) - 2 times per
year per site
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38. - Analyses of samples in mobile laboratories and mobile
laboratories outside
- Publishing and distribution of reports of quality control
water
- Study guide specific monitoring activities PISEAU II
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39. 2- Information system :
0,4 million DT
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40. Feasibility study for the application of the model Pegasus:
Conducted in 2008-2009 with support from WBI
Positive conclusion fundraising
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41. Given the control system that require expensive and bulky
movements (frequency 2 times / pt / year
It became necessary to create a simple and inexpensive
device to perform water analysis through micro electronic
technology (microwave sensors)
To do this as part of the investment project in water
sector, eight fixed stations will be installed sensors along
the Medjerda
The objective is to measure real-time water quality
parameters: depth, temperature, salinity, pH and turbidity
41

42. The project is to monitor and control the waters of the
Medjerda by Nano sensors to monitor pollution of water by
remote control
The establishment of the reference state (good chemical
and ecological water
Analysis of trace pollutants (pesticides, dioxins)
Diffuse pollution (pollution from agriculture, air
pollution, acid rain)
After installing the sensors, the final product will be the
modeling of river
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43. Pollution of rivers and groundwater as a direct result of
soil pollution, limiting access to drinking water
Intensive logging and soil pollution by products such as
chemical fertilizers or pesticides reduce its fertility and
viability, and threaten the sustainability of agriculture. And
causes of desertification
Soil pollution also destroys the habitat for biodiversity and
threatens the survival of thousands of plant and animal
species.
43