Acknowledging intellectual property with in-text references.

1. IN-TEXT REFERENCING

2. IN-TEXT
REFERNCES occur
when you
CITE
or
PARAPHRASE
an author within
your assignment. Teen girl holding school text books. [Photography]. Retrieved from Encyclopædia
Britannica ImageQuest.
http://quest-preview.eb.com/#/search/154_2883446/1/154_2883446/cite

3. Every time you refer to another person’s
work or ideas within your assignment you
must immediately acknowledge the
author/authority (or the title of work if the
author is unknown), plus the year of
publication (if known) and the page numbers
(if known).

4. Two types of in-text referencing
N0 1.
Direct quotes – written within double
quotation marks. Direct quotes must be the
exact words of the author, and their use kept
to a minimum.

5. Two types of in-text referencing
NO 2.
Indirect quotes – using the author’s ideas
but not the exact words. These summarise
or paraphrase an idea, a finding, or an
opinion of another author.

6. Example of direct quotes
Example where the author is integrated into
the main text:
• Nardo (2011, p.28), states that it was an
accepted belief that the plague “was a
punishment sent by God”.

7. Example of direct quotes
Example where the author is not integrated
into the main sentence.
It was an accepted belief that the plague,
“was a punishment sent by God” (Nardo,
2011, p.28).

8. Example of indirect quotes
Example where the author is integrated into
the main sentence:
• According to Nardo, paupers were among
the scapegoats commonly blamed for
causing the plague (2011, p. 31).

9. Example of indirect quotes
Example where the author is not integrated
into the main sentence:
• Paupers were among the scapegoats
commonly blamed for causing the plague
(Nardo, 2011, p.31).

10. Image Attribution
Historical books at Strahov Monastery, Hradcany, Prague,
Czech Republic, Europe. [Photography]. Retrieved from
Encyclopædia Britannica ImageQuest.
http://quest-
preview.eb.com/#/search/151_2510116/1/151_2510116/cit
e