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Ensino de Língua Inglesa e Novas Tecnologias - Gramática II Prepositions and  Conjunctions Prof. Stephan Hughes
Day 1 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ensino de Língua Inglesa e Novas Tecnologias - Gramática II
Day 2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ensino de Língua Inglesa e Novas Tecnologias - Gramática II
Some prepositions Ensino de Língua Inglesa e Novas Tecnologias - Gramática II About  Behind  Concerning  Like  To  Above  Below  Despite  Near  Toward  Across  Beneath  Down  Of  Under  After  Beside  During  Off  Underneath  Against  Besides  Except  On  Until  Along  Between  For  Over  Unto  Among  Beyond  From  Past  Up  Around  But (except) In  Since  Upon  At  Inside  Through  With  Within
Prepositions (Bordet and Jamet, 2010) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ensino de Língua Inglesa e Novas Tecnologias - Gramática II
What is said about them ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ensino de Língua Inglesa e Novas Tecnologias - Gramática II
What is said about them 2 ,[object Object],Ensino de Língua Inglesa e Novas Tecnologias - Gramática II
What can be inferred ,[object Object],[object Object],Ensino de Língua Inglesa e Novas Tecnologias - Gramática II
Just one case of “away” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ensino de Língua Inglesa e Novas Tecnologias - Gramática II
How prepositions are highlighted ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ensino de Língua Inglesa e Novas Tecnologias - Gramática II
Focus on Grammar Advanced ,[object Object],Ensino de Língua Inglesa e Novas Tecnologias - Gramática II
Murphy’s Grammar in Use ,[object Object],Ensino de Língua Inglesa e Novas Tecnologias - Gramática II
Cassell’s Student’s  English Grammar  ,[object Object],Ensino de Língua Inglesa e Novas Tecnologias - Gramática II
Setbacks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ensino de Língua Inglesa e Novas Tecnologias - Gramática II
Why treat them as semantic units? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ensino de Língua Inglesa e Novas Tecnologias - Gramática II
The basis of translation ,[object Object],[object Object],Ensino de Língua Inglesa e Novas Tecnologias - Gramática II
The challenge ,[object Object],[object Object],Ensino de Língua Inglesa e Novas Tecnologias - Gramática II
Classifications ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ensino de Língua Inglesa e Novas Tecnologias - Gramática II
Ensino de Língua Inglesa e Novas Tecnologias - Gramática II Lexical derivant Grammatical morpheme No intermediate or transitory stage
Theory of grammaticalization (Kurylowicz, 1965) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ensino de Língua Inglesa e Novas Tecnologias - Gramática II
If prepositions float between the two categories Would a process called re-semanticization take place when grammaticalized items assume new meanings, sometimes even redundant ? BETWEEN: BY- + TWEONUM (two people) Ensino de Língua Inglesa e Novas Tecnologias - Gramática II
How can we tell? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ensino de Língua Inglesa e Novas Tecnologias - Gramática II
Contradictory? ,[object Object],[object Object],Ensino de Língua Inglesa e Novas Tecnologias - Gramática II
Ensino de Língua Inglesa e Novas Tecnologias - Gramática II On the one hand,  prepositions are dependent _ or _ relation _ semantic continuity _ the lexical content _ the term they accompany, and _ the other hand _ the syntactic function they have  In practice –  grammaticalized  or  lexicalized ?
Ensino de Língua Inglesa e Novas Tecnologias - Gramática II On the one hand,  prepositions are dependent  on  or  in  relation  of  semantic continuity  with  the lexical content of the term they accompany, and  on  the other hand,  with  the syntactic function they have  In practice
Ensino de Língua Inglesa e Novas Tecnologias - Gramática II Linking devices Conjunctions Adverbs Relative pronouns Infinitives Auxiliaries  Participles Discourse markers
Same sentence  Two sentences ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ensino de Língua Inglesa e Novas Tecnologias - Gramática II
Conjunctions  ,[object Object],[object Object],Ensino de Língua Inglesa e Novas Tecnologias - Gramática II
Questions to consider ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ensino de Língua Inglesa e Novas Tecnologias - Gramática II
Adverbs vs Particles/Discourse markers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ensino de Língua Inglesa e Novas Tecnologias - Gramática II
Ensino de Língua Inglesa e Novas Tecnologias - Gramática II Comment Linking The point in tme Comment Place Indefinite time Comment Adverb position
Position and Meaning of Adverbs
Sensibly ,[object Object],[object Object]
Honestly ,[object Object],[object Object]
Obviously  ,[object Object],[object Object]
Kindly  ,[object Object],[object Object]
Discourse markers make a connection between ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ensino de Língua Inglesa e Novas Tecnologias - Gramática II
Using auxiliaries to avoid repetition ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ensino de Língua Inglesa e Novas Tecnologias - Gramática II
Using auxiliaries to avoid repetition ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ensino de Língua Inglesa e Novas Tecnologias - Gramática II
Using auxiliaries to avoid repetition ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ensino de Língua Inglesa e Novas Tecnologias - Gramática II
Using auxiliaries to avoid repetition ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ensino de Língua Inglesa e Novas Tecnologias - Gramática II
Reduced infinitives ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ensino de Língua Inglesa e Novas Tecnologias - Gramática II
Reduced infinitives ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ensino de Língua Inglesa e Novas Tecnologias - Gramática II
Reduced infinitives ,[object Object],[object Object],Ensino de Língua Inglesa e Novas Tecnologias - Gramática II
Some useful resources ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ensino de Língua Inglesa e Novas Tecnologias - Gramática II

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Prepositions and Conjunctions in English Grammar

  • 1. Ensino de Língua Inglesa e Novas Tecnologias - Gramática II Prepositions and Conjunctions Prof. Stephan Hughes
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  • 4. Some prepositions Ensino de Língua Inglesa e Novas Tecnologias - Gramática II About Behind Concerning Like To Above Below Despite Near Toward Across Beneath Down Of Under After Beside During Off Underneath Against Besides Except On Until Along Between For Over Unto Among Beyond From Past Up Around But (except) In Since Upon At Inside Through With Within
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  • 19. Ensino de Língua Inglesa e Novas Tecnologias - Gramática II Lexical derivant Grammatical morpheme No intermediate or transitory stage
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  • 21. If prepositions float between the two categories Would a process called re-semanticization take place when grammaticalized items assume new meanings, sometimes even redundant ? BETWEEN: BY- + TWEONUM (two people) Ensino de Língua Inglesa e Novas Tecnologias - Gramática II
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  • 24. Ensino de Língua Inglesa e Novas Tecnologias - Gramática II On the one hand, prepositions are dependent _ or _ relation _ semantic continuity _ the lexical content _ the term they accompany, and _ the other hand _ the syntactic function they have In practice – grammaticalized or lexicalized ?
  • 25. Ensino de Língua Inglesa e Novas Tecnologias - Gramática II On the one hand, prepositions are dependent on or in relation of semantic continuity with the lexical content of the term they accompany, and on the other hand, with the syntactic function they have In practice
  • 26. Ensino de Língua Inglesa e Novas Tecnologias - Gramática II Linking devices Conjunctions Adverbs Relative pronouns Infinitives Auxiliaries Participles Discourse markers
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  • 31. Ensino de Língua Inglesa e Novas Tecnologias - Gramática II Comment Linking The point in tme Comment Place Indefinite time Comment Adverb position
  • 32. Position and Meaning of Adverbs
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Editor's Notes

  1. Ensino de Língua Inglesa e Novas Tecnologias - Gramática II Prof. Stephan Hughes
  2. Prof. Stephan Hughes Ensino de Língua Inglesa e Novas Tecnologias - Gramática II