The document discusses water and energy budgets. It explains that a budget represents the variation of a given quantity within a control volume over a time interval, and is the algebraic sum of inputs and outputs. It provides examples of water budgets for soil volumes and atmospheric layers, accounting for precipitation, evapotranspiration, runoff and other fluxes. It also discusses the components of an energy budget, including net radiation, heat conduction, heat of vaporization and more.

1. A. Tack - Time and Timeslessnness Space Time
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2. River Networks
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3. River Networks
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4. River Networks
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5. River Networks
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6. River Networks
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7. http://www.meteotriveneto.it/static/ClimaVeneto.php
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Scales and patterns
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8. Scales and patterns
meteotriveneto.it/static/ClimaVeneto.php
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9. Scales and patterns
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10. Scales and patterns
F. Serafin, 2011
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11. Scales and patterns
F. Serafin, 2011
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12. Scales and patterns
F. Serafin, 2011
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13. Scales and patterns
F. Serafin, 2011
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14. Function and Form
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15. Function and Form
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16. Hillslopes
Sub-catchments
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17. Smaller scales
Pixel Scale
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18. Smaller scales
And even smaller
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19. Mass and energy
Bruno Munari - Ara Pacis
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20. The water and energy budget
Budgets
First you chose a control
volume
Depending on the budget type,
The budget represent
you have also to account for
the variation of the given
chemical transformations,
quantity in the control
including phase changes.
volume , for a given
time interval.
This is the algebraic sum
of what enters minus what
left the volume. 20
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21. The water and energy budget
The water budget
Surface
Vadose zone
Water tables
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22. The water and energy budget
The water budget
In the previous slides surface runoff, flow in
soils, and groundawater fluxes were still
missing.
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23. The water and energy budget
The water budget
Eapotranspiration is also missing. This is the
sum of evaporation from surface waters,
evaporation from soils, and transpiration from
plants (grass, bushes, trees).
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24. The water and energy budget
The water budget in a soil volume
Groundwat
er runoff
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25. The water and energy budget
The water budget in a soil volume
Variation of the
volume of water
within the volume of Groundwat
soil er runoff
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26. The water and energy budget
The water budget in a soil volume
Variation of the
volume of water
within the volume of Groundwat
soil Intensity of er runoff
precipitation
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27. The water and energy budget
The water budget in a soil volume
Evapotranspiration
Variation of the
volume of water
within the volume of Groundwat
soil Intensity of er runoff
precipitation
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28. The water and energy budget
The water budget in a soil volume
Surface runoff
Evapotranspiration
Variation of the
volume of water
within the volume of Groundwat
soil Intensity of er runoff
precipitation
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29. The water and energy budget
The water budget in a soil volume
Surface runoff
EvapotranspirationRunoff in
Variation of the the soil
volume of water
within the volume of Groundwat
soil Intensity of er runoff
precipitation
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30. The water and energy budget
The water budget in a soil volume
Surface runoff
EvapotranspirationRunoff in
Variation of the the soil
volume of water
within the volume of Groundwat
soil Intensity of er runoff
precipitation
Time step
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31. The water and energy budget
The water budget
The control volume does not need to
be a simple form: a basins, for
instance, is a typical control volume.
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32. The water and energy budget
The water budget
Examples
Control volume
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33. The water and energy budget
The water budget
Examples
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34. The water and energy budget
The water budget
Examples
Qg
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35. The water and energy budget
The water budget
Examples
Qg
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36. The water and energy budget
The water budget
Examples
Qg
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37. The water and energy budget
The water budget
Examples
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38. The water and energy budget
Il bilancio di massa
Altri esempi
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39. The water and energy budget
Il bilancio di massa
Altri esempi
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40. The water and energy budget
Il bilancio di massa
Altri esempi
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41. The water and energy budget
Il bilancio di massa
Altri esempi
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42. The water and energy budget
The water budget
Examples
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43. The water and energy budget
The water budget
Examples
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44. The water and energy budget
The water budget
Examples
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45. The water and energy budget
The mass balance for a volume of
atmosphere above the soil
subsurface
runoff
Lateral
advection of
vapour and
water
S u r f a c e
runoff
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46. The water and energy budget
The mass balance for a volume of
atmosphere above the soil
subsurface
runoff
Lateral
Variation of water advection of
and vapour in the vapour and
layer of atmosphere water
considered S u r f a c e
runoff
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47. The water and energy budget
The mass balance for a volume of
atmosphere above the soil
Intensity of net
evaporation subsurface
runoff
Lateral
Variation of water advection of
and vapour in the vapour and
layer of atmosphere water
considered S u r f a c e
runoff
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48. Il bilancio di massa ed energia
The Energy budget
The first group of term in the
energy budget is the radiation
budget.
It includes short wave radiation
from the Sun; and long wave
radiation: from atmosphere and
clouds to the atmosphere.
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49. The water and energy budget
The Energy budget
Precipitation too enters in the
budget, which, for instance, can
contribute to snowmelt.
Heat flux towards the Earth center
depends on the depth of the control
volume, and can be either positive
or negative.
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50. The water and energy budget
Il bilancio di energia
Finally we have also
evapotraspiration, and
heat exchanges by
convention from surface
and atmosphere.
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51. The water and energy budget
Il bilancio di energia
E = (Rsw n Rlw n H e ET n G) t
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52. The water and energy budget
The energy balance
E = (Rsw n Rlw n H e ET n G) t
Time
interval
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53. The water and energy budget
The energy balance
E = (Rsw n Rlw n H e ET n G) t
Time
interval
Variation of energy
stored in the soil
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54. The water and energy budget
The energy balance
E = (Rsw n Rlw n H e ET n G) t
Net short-wave
radiation
Time
interval
Variation of energy
stored in the soil
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55. The water and energy budget
The energy balance
E = (Rsw n Rlw n H e ET n G) t
Net short-wave
radiation
Time
interval
Variation of energy Net long-wave
stored in the soil radiation
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56. The water and energy budget
The energy balance
E = (Rsw n Rlw n H e ET n G) t
Net short-wave
radiation
Time
interval
Variation of energy Net long-wave
stored in the soil radiation
Release of heat
by convection /
conduction to
the atmosphere
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57. The water and energy budget
The energy balance
E = (Rsw n Rlw n H e ET n G) t
Net short-wave Heat content of
radiation evapotranspiration
Time
interval
Variation of energy Net long-wave
stored in the soil radiation
Release of heat
by convection /
conduction to
the atmosphere
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58. The water and energy budget
The energy balance
E = (Rsw n Rlw n H e ET n G) t
Net short-wave Heat content of
radiation evapotranspiration
Time
interval
Variation of energy Net long-wave
stored in the soil radiation
Release of heat Release of heat
by convection / by convection /
conduction to conduction to
the atmosphere ground below
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59. The water and energy budget
The energy balance
E = (Rsw n Rlw n H e ET n G) t
Evapotranspiration
Enthalpy of
vaporisation (or
latent heat of
vaporisation)
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