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EXPERT SYSTEMS AND SOLUTIONS
                                       EXPERT GUIDANCE IN POWER
                                          SYSTEMS & POWER
                                          ELECTRONICS
                                           We provide guidance and codes
Project Center For Research in Power      for the for the following power
    Electronics and Power Systems         systems areas.
IEEE 2010 , IEEE 2011 BASED PROJECTS   Deregulated Systems, Wind power
    FOR FINAL YEAR STUDENTS OF B.E        Generation and Grid connection
Email: expertsyssol@gmail.com,         Unit commitment, Economic
 Cell: +919952749533, +918608603634       Dispatch using AI methods
   www.researchprojects.info           Voltage stability, FLC Control
     OMR, CHENNAI                      Transformer Fault Identifications
 IEEE based Projects For               SCADA - Power system Automation
 Final year students of B.E in               we provide guidance and
EEE, ECE, EIE,CSE                         codes for the for the following
M.E (Power Systems)                       power Electronics areas.
M.E (Applied Electronics)                1. Three phase inverter and
                                          converters
M.E (Power Electronics)
                                         2. Buck Boost Converter
Ph.D Electrical and Electronics.
                                         3. Matrix Converter
                                         4. Inverter and converter
                                          topologies
                                         5. Fuzzy based control of Electric
                                          Drives.
                                         6. Optimal design of Electrical
                                          Machines
                                         7. BLDC and SR motor Drives
Development of Single Phase
 Induction Motor Adjustable
           Speed
     Control Using AVR
      Microcontroller




                              2
Principle of Speed Control

                                                                     a
           F ro n t-e n d                                      b m a in
                                      In v e rte r
           C o n v e rte r                                      aux
                                                                    c


  AC                                                 S in g le -P h a s e
                             DC Bus
in p u t                                                   M o to r
                                                                            3
Block Diagram for Speed Control of
   Single Phase Induction Motor




                                 4
Uncontrolled Rectifier

Rectification:    The process of
 converting the alternating voltages and
 currents to direct currents.
Rectifier:    AC to DC.
IN4008      diodes are used as in this
 rectifier
                                           5
Circuit Diagram of Uncontrolled
            Rectifier




                                  6
Step Down Chopper Circuit




Fixed   DC Supply to Variable DC Supply

                                           7
Chopper Control
Controlling  the voltage level of the dc
 Link can be done by changing the PWM
 signal through the microcontroller.
A push button switch is used to increase
 or decrease the Ton period of a constant
 frequency pulse.




                                            8
PA6 and PA5 are outputs from microcontroller.
XOR: High frequency of variable width is
generated by the microcontroller and the XOR
gate.
Variable width pulse is applied to the gate of
MOSFET through an Opto-coupler


                                                  9
Optocouplers




LED  for emitter
Air as barrier for isolation
Phototransistor for detector
Transformer is similar, but only for AC
Optocoupler can be used for DC

                                           10
Inverter:
Inthis study two power electronics
 switches ( MOSFET’s) have been used to
 convert the dc to ac voltage.
The frequency is fixed and variable
 output voltage is obtained by varying the
 D.C link Voltage by means of the pulse
 width of the chopper switch.



                                             11
Circuit of H Bridge Inverter




                               12
H bridge operation.
 It can be seen from inverter circuit
 diagram when T1 and T2 are gated with
 positive voltage signal, T3 and T4 are OFF
 by the zero gate voltage signal and vice
 versa.
 The four MOSFET's of T1,T2,T3 and T4
 shoud not be Turned ON at the same
 instant of time.


                                              13
PWM SIGNAL GENERATION




                    14
Single-phase induction motor
• One stator winding
• Squirrel cage rotor
• 3 to 4 HP applications
• Household appliances: fans, washing
  machines, dryers
                           Electromagnetics




                                          Rotor

                           Stator

                                                  15
Induction motors working
   Electricity supplied to stator
•   Magnetic field generated that moves around rotor
•   Current induced in rotor
•   Rotor produces second magnetic field that opposes
    stator magnetic field
•   Rotor begins to rotate




                                                       16
Speed torque curve SPIM
AVR Microcontroller
Groups: The AVR line is divided into to major
groups; Tiny and Mega, with some additional
special function versions for specific applications
such as lighting, automotive, battery management,
rf comms, and LCD drivers.
Tiny: 1 to 8KB FLASH, 32 to 512 Byte RAM, 0 to
512 Byte EEPROM, 6 yo 18 IO pins.
Mega: 4 to 256KB FLASH, 0.5 to 8KB RAM, 1/4
to 4KB EEPROM, 18 to 86 IO pins.
AVR MEGA8535 MicroController
 RISC core running single cycle instructions. 32
 general purpose registers. On chip hardware
 includes: Internal oscillators, timers, UART, SPI,
 USB, pull-up resistors, pulse width modulation,
 ADC, analog comparator, up to 4x40 LCD
 drivers and watch-dog timers. On chip in-
 system programmable Flash and EEPROM. 1.8-
 5.5 Volt power options. Software controlled
 frequency and sleep modes with fast wakeup
Advantages of Atmel AVR
 Cost.
      At the moment, the very lowest-price
  microcontroller      available    from    any
  manufacturer is the RS 150.
 Speed:
      Not only are most AVRs capable of 20MHz
  (even     really   cheap     ones    like  the
  ATtiny25/45/85 and ATmega48), but they
  actually run at near 20 MIPS;
         In addition, with the better addressing
  modes and registers of the AVRs, most
  operation can be done in only one instruction,
  where it often takes more than one
  instruction to do the same thing on a PIC
  Controller.
Advantages of Atmel AVR
Peripherals
         Many Atmel AVR µcontrollers, like
  many Microchip PIC µcontrollers, have a
  built-in 10 bit ADC. Some have LCD or
  USB drivers.
Easy Programming
  All customizable code written in ANSI-C
  and thus easier to maintain.
  Modular concept: easier to integrate into
  existing designs.
  Slightly smaller code size in spite of high
  level language modules.
REFERENCES
 1. Correa, M. B. de R, C.B. Jacobina, A.M.N. Lima and
  E.R.C. da Silva, 2002. Adjustable-speed single-phase
  induction motor drive. Applied Power Electronics
  Conference and Exposition, APEC, Dallas, TX, USA, pp:
  770 -776.
 2. Jiangmin, Y., 2000. Single phase induction motor
  adjustable      speed    control     using   DSP     and
  microcontroller. Course Project for ECE734 Fall
  Semester at UW-Madison.
 3. Miroslav, C. and A.L. Thomas, 2001. Adjustablespeed
  single-phase im drive with reduced number of switches.
  Industry Applications Conference, Conference Record
  of the IEEE, Chicago, IL, USA, pp: 1800 -1806.
 4. Michael, J.J. and J. Michael, 2001. Power Electronics,
  Principles and Applications. Mc Graw-Hill Inc.

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Presentation1

  • 1. EXPERT SYSTEMS AND SOLUTIONS EXPERT GUIDANCE IN POWER SYSTEMS & POWER ELECTRONICS We provide guidance and codes Project Center For Research in Power for the for the following power Electronics and Power Systems systems areas. IEEE 2010 , IEEE 2011 BASED PROJECTS Deregulated Systems, Wind power FOR FINAL YEAR STUDENTS OF B.E Generation and Grid connection Email: expertsyssol@gmail.com, Unit commitment, Economic Cell: +919952749533, +918608603634 Dispatch using AI methods www.researchprojects.info Voltage stability, FLC Control OMR, CHENNAI Transformer Fault Identifications IEEE based Projects For SCADA - Power system Automation Final year students of B.E in we provide guidance and EEE, ECE, EIE,CSE codes for the for the following M.E (Power Systems) power Electronics areas. M.E (Applied Electronics) 1. Three phase inverter and converters M.E (Power Electronics) 2. Buck Boost Converter Ph.D Electrical and Electronics. 3. Matrix Converter 4. Inverter and converter topologies 5. Fuzzy based control of Electric Drives. 6. Optimal design of Electrical Machines 7. BLDC and SR motor Drives
  • 2. Development of Single Phase Induction Motor Adjustable Speed Control Using AVR Microcontroller 2
  • 3. Principle of Speed Control a F ro n t-e n d b m a in In v e rte r C o n v e rte r aux c AC S in g le -P h a s e DC Bus in p u t M o to r 3
  • 4. Block Diagram for Speed Control of Single Phase Induction Motor 4
  • 5. Uncontrolled Rectifier Rectification: The process of converting the alternating voltages and currents to direct currents. Rectifier: AC to DC. IN4008 diodes are used as in this rectifier 5
  • 6. Circuit Diagram of Uncontrolled Rectifier 6
  • 7. Step Down Chopper Circuit Fixed DC Supply to Variable DC Supply 7
  • 8. Chopper Control Controlling the voltage level of the dc Link can be done by changing the PWM signal through the microcontroller. A push button switch is used to increase or decrease the Ton period of a constant frequency pulse. 8
  • 9. PA6 and PA5 are outputs from microcontroller. XOR: High frequency of variable width is generated by the microcontroller and the XOR gate. Variable width pulse is applied to the gate of MOSFET through an Opto-coupler 9
  • 10. Optocouplers LED for emitter Air as barrier for isolation Phototransistor for detector Transformer is similar, but only for AC Optocoupler can be used for DC 10
  • 11. Inverter: Inthis study two power electronics switches ( MOSFET’s) have been used to convert the dc to ac voltage. The frequency is fixed and variable output voltage is obtained by varying the D.C link Voltage by means of the pulse width of the chopper switch. 11
  • 12. Circuit of H Bridge Inverter 12
  • 13. H bridge operation.  It can be seen from inverter circuit diagram when T1 and T2 are gated with positive voltage signal, T3 and T4 are OFF by the zero gate voltage signal and vice versa.  The four MOSFET's of T1,T2,T3 and T4 shoud not be Turned ON at the same instant of time. 13
  • 15. Single-phase induction motor • One stator winding • Squirrel cage rotor • 3 to 4 HP applications • Household appliances: fans, washing machines, dryers Electromagnetics Rotor Stator 15
  • 16. Induction motors working  Electricity supplied to stator • Magnetic field generated that moves around rotor • Current induced in rotor • Rotor produces second magnetic field that opposes stator magnetic field • Rotor begins to rotate 16
  • 18. AVR Microcontroller Groups: The AVR line is divided into to major groups; Tiny and Mega, with some additional special function versions for specific applications such as lighting, automotive, battery management, rf comms, and LCD drivers. Tiny: 1 to 8KB FLASH, 32 to 512 Byte RAM, 0 to 512 Byte EEPROM, 6 yo 18 IO pins. Mega: 4 to 256KB FLASH, 0.5 to 8KB RAM, 1/4 to 4KB EEPROM, 18 to 86 IO pins.
  • 19. AVR MEGA8535 MicroController  RISC core running single cycle instructions. 32 general purpose registers. On chip hardware includes: Internal oscillators, timers, UART, SPI, USB, pull-up resistors, pulse width modulation, ADC, analog comparator, up to 4x40 LCD drivers and watch-dog timers. On chip in- system programmable Flash and EEPROM. 1.8- 5.5 Volt power options. Software controlled frequency and sleep modes with fast wakeup
  • 20. Advantages of Atmel AVR  Cost. At the moment, the very lowest-price microcontroller available from any manufacturer is the RS 150.  Speed: Not only are most AVRs capable of 20MHz (even really cheap ones like the ATtiny25/45/85 and ATmega48), but they actually run at near 20 MIPS; In addition, with the better addressing modes and registers of the AVRs, most operation can be done in only one instruction, where it often takes more than one instruction to do the same thing on a PIC Controller.
  • 21. Advantages of Atmel AVR Peripherals Many Atmel AVR µcontrollers, like many Microchip PIC µcontrollers, have a built-in 10 bit ADC. Some have LCD or USB drivers. Easy Programming All customizable code written in ANSI-C and thus easier to maintain. Modular concept: easier to integrate into existing designs. Slightly smaller code size in spite of high level language modules.
  • 22. REFERENCES  1. Correa, M. B. de R, C.B. Jacobina, A.M.N. Lima and E.R.C. da Silva, 2002. Adjustable-speed single-phase induction motor drive. Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC, Dallas, TX, USA, pp: 770 -776.  2. Jiangmin, Y., 2000. Single phase induction motor adjustable speed control using DSP and microcontroller. Course Project for ECE734 Fall Semester at UW-Madison.  3. Miroslav, C. and A.L. Thomas, 2001. Adjustablespeed single-phase im drive with reduced number of switches. Industry Applications Conference, Conference Record of the IEEE, Chicago, IL, USA, pp: 1800 -1806.  4. Michael, J.J. and J. Michael, 2001. Power Electronics, Principles and Applications. Mc Graw-Hill Inc.