1. EXPERT SYSTEMS AND SOLUTIONS
Email: expertsyssol@gmail.com
expertsyssol@yahoo.com
Cell: 9952749533
www.researchprojects.info
PAIYANOOR, OMR, CHENNAI
Call For Research Projects Final
year students of B.E in EEE, ECE,
EI, M.E (Power Systems), M.E
(Applied Electronics), M.E (Power
Electronics)
Ph.D Electrical and Electronics.
Students can assemble their hardware in our
Research labs. Experts will be guiding the
projects.

2. Digital Filters

3. Today
• FIR repetition
• Frequency-sampling structures
• Cascade form realization
• Parallel form realization
• Lattice/ladder structure
PAGE 3

4. FIR filters
PAGE 4

5. Frequency-sampling structures
α = 0, M=4
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
Imaginary Part
4
0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
Real Part
PAGE 5

6. The poles
i=0 i=1
1 1
0.5 0.5
Imaginary Part
Imaginary Part
0 0
-0.5 -0.5
-1 -1
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
Real Part Real Part
i=2 i=3
1 1
0.5 0.5
Imaginary Part
Imaginary Part
0 0
-0.5 -0.5
-1 -1
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
Real Part Real Part
PAGE 6

7. α = 0.5
α = 0.5, M=4
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
Imaginary Part
4
0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
Real Part
PAGE 7

8. Direct form I realization
PAGE 8

9. Direct form II
PAGE 9

10. Transposed structures
PAGE 10

11. Transposed structures (2)
PAGE 11

12. Cascade-form structure
PAGE 12

13. Single stage lattice filter
PAGE 13

14. Two stage lattice FIR filter
PAGE 14

15. (M-1)-stage lattice FIR filter
PAGE 15

16. Lattice structure for an all-pole IIR system
PAGE 16

17. Lattice-ladder structure
PAGE 17

18. Summary
• FIR and IIR filters
• Direct-form realization of FIR filter
• Cascaded structure
• Frequency sampling structure
• Lattice structure
PAGE 18