The new extension regime recognise the need for Muti-agency collaboration to combine strengths. Thereby promoting both Public and non-public (private sector, NGOs, FIG/CIG/POs, PPP Models) actors in Extension work to enhance the delivery system in agricultural extension to all type of farmers.
2. Presented By
RAVI K N
Ph.D Scholar
IAS, BHU,
Varanasi
PluralisticAgricultural Extension in India
Course Title and No.
EXT-601- Advances in
Agricultural Extension.
Course instructor:
Dr. B. Jirli (Assoc. Prof.)
3. OUTLINE OF CONTENTS
ASSUMPTION
INTRODUCTION
CONCEPT OF PLURALISTIC EXTENSION
WHY WE NEED PLURALISTIC AGRICULTURAL
EXTENSION
STRUCTURE AND CHARACTERSTICS
STRENGTHS OF PLURALISTIC AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION
5. INTRODUCTION
CHALLANGES FOR INDIAN AGRICULTURE
India's population - 1.2 billion (2011 census)
More than half of the Indian population (approximately 58%)
depend on agriculture for their livelihood
More than 80% of Indian farmers are small and marginal land
holdings
Limited resource constraints
6. Contd...
Diversity of farmers and farming systems - need to address
challenges in agriculture with different services and
approaches.
Region and crop specific demands and problems of
farmers
Need to facilitate farmers to get wide range of services
7. CONCEPT
What is mean by Pluralisam and Pluralistic
Extension?
Pluralism – Many organisations are brought together at one
platform in the efforts of delivering extension services to promote
production and productivity.
Pluralistic Extension- An appropriate mix of public and private
funding and delivery mechanism.
Modal of using both public and non-public institution for delivering
extension services to the farming communities
It is a contrast of single monopolistic agricultural extension service in
a given country.
8. WHY WE NEED PLURALISTIC EXTENSION SYSTEM IN INDIA ?
9. MAJOR DRAWBACKSOF single agricultural EXTENSION Services
Public Extension system
Most technologies are supply driven
rather demand driven
Lack of human resource
Low finance and budget
Little competency of Extension
agents
Corruption and political disturbances
Not able to concentrate on low
volume crops.
Technology dissemination often
mandatory
Complex procedures – red tapisam
Unable to reach majority of potential
clients
Private Extension system
Neglecting of small and marginal
farmers
Concentration of elite farmers
needs because of payment
Focus to get profit and sale rather
than decrease in cost of production
Show interest in areas in which
they get profit.
Neglect the small and marginal
farmers since most of them are
economically weak.
Exploitation of farmers with their
monopoly and profit techniques.
10. NEED FOR PLURALISTIC EXTENSION
Specific services are needed for
Specific contexts
Economic enterprises
Different farmer categories – Crop specific and location
specific
Based on differences in entrepreneurship, poverty and
gender.
To overcome the weakness of single agency extension system
Promote muti-agency extension strategy (pluralism)
11. So, The new extension regime
recognise the need for Muti-agency
collaboration to combine strengths.
Thereby promoting both Public and
non-public (private sector, NGOs,
FIG/CIG/POs, PPP Models) actors in
Extension work to enhance the
delivery system in agricultural
extension to all type of farmers.
13. Deconcentration
A system for providing multiple services
Decentralization
Farmer empowerment
Outsourcing services
Partnerships
Extension approaches
Source: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTARD/Resources
PRINCIPLES OF PLURALISTIC EXTENSION
14. Coexistence of
multiple public, private,
and mixed extension
systems and
approaches
Multiple providers and
types of services
It foster a range of
partnership and utilize
both public and private
institutional resources
Diverse funding
streams and multiple
sources of information
Multiple extension
approaches
Characteristics of
Pluralistic
Extension system
16. STRENGTHSOF PLURALISTIC Agriculture EXTENSION
Address the needs of different hierarchical stakeholders (small,
marginal and big farmers)
Effective utilization of resources
Combined influence on TOT
Widespread extension services as per the need of clients may
attained
Collaboration and partnerships also encourage speedy
disbursal of Technology and the input linkages
17. Contd...
Overcome the major weakness of single extension agency
operations.
Effective utilization of ICTs and its Innovations
Create competitive environment in providing services to
farmers
18. Conclusion
So, the pluralistic agriculture extension system to
find appropriate mix of public and private
funding delivery mechanisms make an efforts to
take extension services to all the stakeholders
with efficiently and effectively at different levels
in the country.