Water in indian infrastructure

WATER IN INDIAN
INFRASTRUCTURE
POLICY AND PERFORORMANCE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
“When the well is dry we know the importance of water.” - B. Franklin
31st July '2015 MBA INFRASTRUCTURE 1

Introduction
India is an abundant nation. An estimated 16 percent of the world’s total population and 4
percent of the world’s water resource is in India. Both water and population are in abundance
and this has posed a great challenge for the government to plan meticulously for the water
infrastructure in India. While there is an abundance of water both from surface water and
ground water, distribution and sanitation is a major challenge
Today we are here talking about the water (Its conservancy and sustainability) which was once a
abundant in nature, and its scarcity now, for whatever the reason it many be…There is a remedy
Water Infrastructure Management!!!

Necessary Requirement
Unless there is a proper water infrastructure management practice, INDIA will surely face a
severe water crisis in its future:
Here we discuss the current water infrastructure realities in the country.
The need for development of water infrastructure.
The government policies on water infrastructure.
The present scenario and the plans & proposals from the Dams, Public distribution, Harvesting
and privatization of water.

96%
54%
AVIALABILITY IN
URBAN AREAS
Water Source Water Sanitation
84%
21%
5%
AVIALABILITY IN
RURAL AREA (72%)
Scenario
Traditionally India has been well endowed with large fresh water reserves, but the increasing
population and the over exploitation of the surface and ground water over the past few decades
has resulted in water scarcity in some regions.
Growth of the Indian economy is driving increased water usage across sectors and the waste
water is increasing significantly and the absence of proper measures in treatment and
management, the existing fresh water reserves are being polluted.
From 2008 onwards there have been improvements
in the water infrastructure, particularly in
distribution. According to a World Bank Report, 96
percent of urban dwellers had access to a reliable
water source and a corresponding 54 percent had
access to water sanitation. In the rural scene, where
an estimated 72 percent of India’s population lives,
84 percent had access to water and 21 percent to
sanitation

Population growth and overall economic development are expected to lead to an increase in
water usage across sectors. WATER IN INDIA- OVERVIEW

Domestic water demand is expected to rise as disposable income and urbanization increase
DOMESTIC WATER CONSUMPTION IN INDIA

Increased urbanization is driving an increase in per-capita water consumption in towns and
cities. Its a driving change in consumption patterns and increased demand for water
DISCHARGE OF UNTREATED WASTE WATER IS LEADING TO INCREASED POPULATION AND
DEPLETION OF CLEAN WATER RESOURCES.

Challenges and opportunities - Brief
•Even with an abundant water resource, the water infrastructure in India suffers from low
investment that translates to poor water service that provides low cost recovery and insufficient
income to the government sector.
•Unless there is a substantial increase in private investments in the water infrastructure, the
cities of India will suffer the same fate of having only 2 to 6 hours per day of access to a reliable
water source.
•The Indian government must tap into Private Sector Participation ((PSP), to share risks, to bring
the necessary financial investment, to provide the managerial experience and to obtain access
to world-class technical resources and scientific expertise.
•The water infrastructure in India is estimated to be a 30 billion US dollar annual business
opportunity for the Private Sector Participants. Getting into the water industry requires
understanding intricately the risks involved.
• Private sector companies must understand the government policies concerning pricing and
regulation. They must also understand well, the corporate risks and the social risks they are
expected to face, if they so desire to take a slice of the 30 billion dollar annual business
opportunity.

Challenges and opportunities - Brief
•Two great opportunities exist for those who want
to invest in the water infrastructure in India; the
agricultural sector and the residential sector.
•They are the top consumers of water.
•The agriculture sector is a 3.1 billion US dollar
potential market.
•It is an opportunity for industries that supply
water pumps and irrigation equipment.
•The water requirements of the agriculture sector
are provided by ground water and surface water.
•The trend however, is towards tapping into ground
water
Domestic
5%
Industrial
15%
Agricultural
80%
WATER USAGE IN INDIA
Domestic Industrial Agricultural

In a large developing country such as India, the links between water consumption across
sectors complicates water management. WATER CONSUMPTION CYCLE IN INDIA

Water Security threats

India faces water security threat
•India's water security for the year 2013 has been labelled as "hazardous"
by a report brought out by the Asian Development Bank titled "Asian
Water Development outlook 2013".
•India was given the lowest water security index of 1(with 1 being the
lowest and 5the highest) by this report, along with seven other countries
from the Asia-Pacific which include Bangladesh, Cambodia. Kiribati and
Pakistan, among others.
•A hazardous index means that there are inadequate levels of public
investment, regulations and enforcement related to water in the country.
•The index took into account five key dimensions household water security, economic water
security, urban water security, environmental water security and resilience to water-related
disasters.
•India's index slow for almost all dimensions, except the economic water security index, where it
has an index of 3, which is defined as "capable" and also means that the rates of public
investment are increasing. It takes into account now countries are ensuring the productive use of
water to sustain their economic growth in food production, Industry and energy.

Available resources are likely to be overexploited with a rise in the consumption of water for
irrigation. WATER CONSUMPTION IN INDIA AGRICULTURE

Irrigation demand in the major river basins is expected to deplete groundwater levels by 2050.
POPULATION AND IRRIGATION IN RIVER BASINS IN INDIA

Demand for water in India is expected to rise dramatically in the next few decades.
DRIVERS OF WATER USAGE INCREASE

INDIA WATER AVIALABILITY COST CURVE
Cost of additional water availability in 2030

Conclusion based on statically presented data
•Water scarcity is among the main problems that the world faces today.
•India is no exception, as it grapples with the problem of water shortage in many of its regions. In
fact, in another twenty years, half of our demand for water could remain unmet if the present
pattern of demand and supply continues.
•India’s water future is in danger if current trends in its use continue.
•The total annual surface water availability in the country is estimated to be 1,869 billion cubic
meter (bcm).
•Due to spatial-temporal variations, an estimated 690 bcm of surface water is utilizable. Add to
this 432 bcm of replenish able groundwater, and the total utilizable water in the country is
1,122 bcm, which appears to be just about sufficient to meet our present needs.
•Since the total available water is more or less constant, rising demands due to population and
economic growth will strain the demand-supply balance.
•The Water Resources Group estimates that if the current pattern of demand continues, about
half of the demand for water will be unmet by 2030.

Strategic vision for the water sector- National Water policy
•The National Water Policy, which was adopted by the
National Water Resources Council in 1987, sets out
principles and objectives to guide programs for water
resource development and management.
•The Policy was revised in 2002 (MoWR 2002) and about
half of the states have adopted state water policies.
•The revised National Water Policy, which recognized the
importance of water for life, for maintaining an
ecological balance, and for economic development, did
very little in terms of setting the principles and
objectives which could lead to sustainable and equitable
use of this resource.
•There are two major problems with the policy, which are
now discussed.
This was how ever the
beginning and further
amendments and new policy
was bought again in 2012

National Water Policy 2012 – Salient features
THE MAJOR PROVISIONS UNDER THE POLICY ARE:
•Envisages to establish a standardized national information system with a network of data banks and
data bases
•Resource planning and recycling for providing maximum availability
•To give importance to the impact of projects on human settlements and environment.
•Guidelines for the safety of storage dams and other water-related structures
•Regulate exploitation of groundwater
•Setting water allocation priorities in the following order: Drinking water, Irrigation, Hydropower,
Navigation, Industrial and other uses.
•The water rates for surface water and ground water should be rationalized with due regard to the
interests of small and marginal farmers.
•The policy also deals with participation of farmers and voluntary agencies, water quality, water
zoning, conservation of water, flood and drought management, erosion etc.
The main emphasis of National Water Policy 2012 is to treat water as economic good which the
ministry claims to promote its conservation and efficient use. This provision intended for the
privatization of water-delivery services is being criticized from various quarters. The policy also does
away with the priorities for water allocation mentioned in 1987 and 2002 versions of the policy.

National Water Policy 2012 – Salient features
THE POLICY WAS ADOPTED WITH A DISAPPROVAL FROM MANY STATES.
The other major features are
•To ensure access to a minimum quantity of portable water for essential health and hygiene to all
citizens, available within easy reach of the household
•To curtail subsidy to agricultural electricity users
•Setting up of Water Regulatory Authority
•To keep aside a portion of the river flow to meet the ecological needs and to ensure that the low and
high flow releases correspond in time closely to the natural flow regime.
•To give statutory powers to Water Users Associations to maintain the distribution system
•Project benefited families to bear part of the cost of resettlement & rehabilitation of project affected
families
•To remove the large disparity between stipulations for water supply in urban areas and in rural areas
•To support a National Water Framework Law

In an attempt to conserve water, India has launched numerous programs, but lacks an independent
regulator to control and coordinate implementation efforts. WATER GOVERNMENT ISSUES

Policy makers and businesses have started preparing action plans and implementations roadmaps to ensure
adequate water availability in the country. IMPLEMENTATION OF POLICY MARKERS / BUSINESSES

Water Laws within the ‘Rights’, Based Perspective,
WHY ARE THEY NEEDED?
Laws are required
(i) to create conditions so that the institutions deliver on the ‘right to water’.
(ii) to ensure that the distribution is equitable, and
(iii) so that nobody’s actions infringe upon others’ rights to water.
Laws are also required to protect the water resource from being degraded and exploited in a
manner that threatens its sustainability.
WATER LAW
Water law is the field of law dealing with the
ownership, control, and use of water as a resource.
It is most closely related to property law, but has
also become influenced by environmental law.

To prevent a water shortage, India needs to invest in target-scale initiatives for managing
water resources. EXAMPLES OF WATER MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS.

The “Deep Pond System” in Hyderabad treats liters of wastewater per day.
EXAMPLES I

“Forward osmosis desalination” reduces the cost of desalinating water and the quantity of brine discharge.
EXAMPLES II

“Metal- Meditated Aeration process” for purification of water is more economical than existing water treatment methods.
EXAMPLES III

“Ostara reactor” increases the effecitive capacity of wastewater treatment plant and also initiates fertilizer production.
EXAMPLES IV

EcoTech provides a technology based solution to water measurement and management
EXAMPLES V

“Varsha, The rain gun” – micro irrigation equipment helps conserve irrigation water by up to 50%
EXAMPLES VI

Upcoming projects
•In the present scenario the government of India and the states are now focusing on the water
infrastructure mainly through the PPP & EPC model, and many top infrastructure providers of
industry are on to this job.
•Some of them are IVRCL, Punj Lloyd, Il & Fs Engineering services, GMR Infra, Ramky infra etc.
A glance on projects undertook
by IVRCL in Irrigation, drinking
water supply and sewerage
systems

Project : HNSS Lift Irrigation Project,
Client : Irrigation & CAD, Govt, of A.P
Irrigation Projects
Investigation, Design, estimation, and construction of pumping stations including manufacture,
supply of pumps at site of work including accessories etc., complete inclusive of all civil works
such as pump house including sump, pumping mains etc, of HNSS Main canal of Perur branch
canal under Phase-I and pressure main at site of work including erection, commissioning and
testing of 8 Nos. at each pumping station of Hydro-Mechanical, Electro-Mechanical and other
accessories etc., complete equipment required and maintenance of 12 pumps and the system
for 15 years
The project draws 40 TMC of flood water from the Krishna river, employing 117 pumps with a
cumulative capacity of450MW, to irrigate 6.025 lakh acres
This dream project of Rayalseema envisages providing irrigation to the extent of 6 Lakhs Acres as
well as drinking water for 33 lakhs people in the drought prone areas in four districts (Kurnool,
Ananthapur, Chittoor & Kadapa) of Andhra Pradesh, by lifting 114.20 Cumecs of water.

Project : Gandikota Tunnel Project
Irrigation Projects
•Investigation, Design, Excavation and lining of Gandikota Tunnel for Feeding to Gandikota
Reservoir from Km.52.184 of G.N.S.S. Flood flow canal (From Owk Reservoir to Gandikota
Reservoir) – including construction of Adit in Kadapa District.
Key Salient Features of the Project:
•Main Tunnels = 18 x 18 Diameter(127.22 Sqm)
•Twin Tunnels Heading – Size 12.55 x 9m Stage-I
•Twin Tunnels Benching – Size 12.55 x 3.5m Stage-II
Major Quantities Executed:
•Open & Underground Excavation of Tunnels (Including Pertinent Works )
•Steel Fiber Reinforced Short crete Work Lining of Tunnels

Project : Telugu Ganga Project
Irrigation Projects
Telugu Ganga Project on the whole to draw 29 TMC of water from fore shore of Srisailam
reservoir from a village in Kurnool dist to irrigate 5.75 lakh acres in Kurnool, Cuddapa and
Nellore dist apart from supplying drinking water to Chennai city.
The S.P.B.V.R left canal takes off from S.P.BV.R. Left head sluice and transverses to a length of
49.08 Km before falling into Porumamilla Tank. Further the canal transverses a length of 58.625
Km beyond Porumamilla Tank to create an irrigation potential of 64,611 acres in Badvel,
B'Mattam, B'Kodur. Porumamilla, Gopavaram, & Atloor Mandate. The Gundamrajupally branch
canal & Obulam branch canal are also part of S.P.V.B.R. Left canal.
Major Quantities Executed: Earthwork Excavation in all type of Soil: Embankment
Cement Concrete Lining ; CM & CD Works in the main Canal
CM & CD Works - Distributaries ; Ayacut Developed – 1,61,000 Acres

Project : Collection System
in Pallavaram Muncipality
Client : Chennai Metropolitan Water
Supply & Sewerage Board
Sewage Systems
Providing Collection System in Pallavaram Muncipality , Package – II
•Supply, laying and jointing of stoneware Pipes (200mm – 375mm) with Hydraulic testing for
Sewerage system
•Supply, laying and jointing of RCC NP3
•Providing House service connections
•Construction of Manholes at 1m to 6.5 m depth.

Project : SCADA for Entire System for
HMWSSB
Client : Hyderabad Metropolitan Water
Supply & Sewerage Board
Sewage Systems
•Brief Scope of Work - Providing Flow, Level and Chlorine measurements and Supervisory Control
and Data Acquisition (SCADA) for All Reservoirs and bulk supply pipelines in the entire system of
HMWSSB on EPC System spread over the radius of 45 Kms.
•The project utilizes the latest Micro Technologies in PLC and SCADA.
• The System used Ultrasonic multi-part method for low measurement to ensure greater accuracy
and minimize water loss in the transmission lines .
• The dosing system is controlled by employing the latest microprocessor based analyzers and the
data is transmitted to a centralized server from different RTU Stations.

Sewage Systems
Key Components: Ultrasonic Flowmeters for clear water pipelines
•Ultrasonic Level measurement , non contract type with digital echo processing for Reservoirs
•Online Free Chlorine Analyzer with continuous display of process value, alarm status etc
•Remote Terminal Unit with 12 V Battery Operation
•Laying, Testing & Commissioning of Signal Cable, Power Cable
•Software with SCADA and Date Merging facilities for Remote Stations and Software for
configuring the Remote Terminal Unit ( RTU)
•LCD Projector based Large Video Display with necessary software and Hardware to provide man
machine interface
•Web Client Licenses with necessary software and hardware to provide man machine interface
Control System using Flow Switches and Level Switches at various locations of HMWSSB
•Testing & Commissioning of stabilizers

To mention such a mechanism, we can quote RECS ( Renewable energy certificates) in India as of its
kind. But its real effectiveness comes out when its followed and implemented properly rather than
voluntarily as its now. Lets understand its model now.
What is REC?
The Electricity Act, 2003, the policies framed under the Act, as also the National Action Plan on
Climate Change (NAPCC) provide for a roadmap for increasing the share of renewable in the total
generation capacity in the country.
A RECS energy certificate is issued for every 1 megawatt-hour (MWh) of renewable energy produced
by an electricity generation facility that has been registered with the relevant national RECS issuing
body. These certificates can be transferred between market parties in different countries, and are
used to provide evidence of the consumption of renewable energy – at which point they are made
non-transferable, in order to ensure that the "renewable benefit" is not double-sold.
While RECS guarantees the source of the energy and prevents double-counting, it is not a label: these
also guarantee other matters relating to the supplied electricity, such as the originating technology,
the age of the plant and the source of the energy. Labels must also ensure that sales of labelled
electricity either do not change the blend of sources of electricity that is supplied unlabeled, or that
the buyers of such electricity are informed accordingly.
Regulatory bodies

REC CERTFICATE:

•There will be a central level agency to be designated by the Central Commission for registration of RE generators
participating in the scheme.
•The RE generators will have two options - either to sell the renewable energy at preferential tariff fixed by the concerned
Electricity Regulatory Commission or to sell the electricity generation and environmental attributes associated with RE
generation separately.
•On choosing the second option, the environmental attributes can be exchanged in the form of REC. Price of electricity
component would be equivalent to weighted average power purchase cost of the distribution company including short-
term power purchase but excluding renewable power purchase cost.
•The Central Agency will issue the REC to RE generators.
•The value of REC will be equivalent to 1 MWh of electricity injected into the grid from renewable energy sources.
•The REC will be exchanged only in the Power Exchanges approved by CERC within the band of a floor price and a
forbearance (ceiling) price to be determined by CERC from time to time.
•The distribution companies, Open Access consumer, Captive Power Plants (CPPs) will have option of purchasing the REC
to meet their Renewable Purchase Obligations (RPO). Pertinently, RPO is the obligation mandated by the State Electricity
Regulatory Commission (SERC) under the Act, to purchase minimum level of renewable energy out of the total
consumption in the area of a distribution licensee.
•There will also be compliance auditors to ensure compliance of the requirement of the REC by the participants of the
scheme.
Salient Features of the REC Framework

Safeguards Against Misuse
• Reputable eco-friendly electricity labels ensure an ecological benefit in practice. Some reputable labels
(like the WWF co-funded German ok-power label) also use RECS, but just as a broadly accepted accounting-
and tracking system to register the power plants against double-selling.
•Other labels require direct contracts for delivery with the plant as an alternative. But the crucial point is to
additionally insist that the certificate selling or directly contracted power plant meets important eco-
orientated standards.
•Those standards encompass typically a maximum age of the power plant (to enforce that new power plants
are built) and the banning of plants that act against landscape or animal protection. Other labels co-issued
by environmental organizations require that a part of the fee of every kWh is donated for investment in new
eco-friendly power plants or technology.
•In the United States, certified REC seller Arcadia Power buys certificates exclusively from projects located
within the same ISO/RTO grid as the purchaser and which were produced within five years of sale.
•Primarily catering to residences and small businesses, the company provides customers with details about
the wind or solar farm where their RECS were generated. Where the sale and exchange of certificates is
done through exchanges at that fixed price only and any unwanted problems and issues in wastage or
bulldozing can be eliminated.

Issue Brief: Green Bonds
•So to build and maintain a project to the proper use the allocation of funds and mechanism is
needed, as of RECS for renewable sources of energy, In a similar manner there is the certification
system in U.S and some East European Countries for water…
•A bond is a debt instrument with which an entity raises money from investors. The bond issuer gets
capital while the investors receive fixed income in the form of interest. When the bond matures, the
money is repaid.
•A green bond is very similar. The only difference is that the issuer of a green bond publicly states that
capital is being raised to fund ‘green’ projects, which typically include those relating to renewable
energy, emission reductions and so on. There is no standard definition of green bonds as of now.
•Indian firms like Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Ltd and Greenko have in the past
issued bonds that have been used for financing renewable energy, however, without the tag of green
bonds.
•Green bonds are issued by multilateral agencies such as the World Bank, corporations, government
agencies and municipalities. Institutional investors and pension funds also have appetite for such
bonds. For instance, investment funds BlackRock and PIMCO have specific mandates from their
investors to invest only in bonds which fund green projects. The issuer provides periodic reports
about the project.

•The World Bank issued the first green bonds in 2008. Since then, other development banks,
corporations, governments and municipalities have issued similar products. Today, corporations are
the largest issuers of green bonds, and the global market for these products is growing rapidly. In less
•than the first half of 2014, US$18.35 billion in self-labeled green bonds had already been issued, as
compared to US$11 billion in all of 2013, which itself was several times more than previous years.
Additionally, many more bonds with proceeds intended for environmentally beneficial purposes are
not formally labeled as green. Indeed, Climate Bonds Initiative estimates that some US$502.6
•billion in both labeled and unlabeled climate-themed bonds have been issued.

•Corporate: In early 2014, GDF Suez issued the largest corporate green bond ever, a “green use of
proceeds bond” that was guaranteed by the company and raised money for Suez’s recent and
pending renewable energy and energy efficiency projects.2 Around the same time, Toyota became
the first car maker to issue a “green securitized bond” to fund electric vehicle and hybrid car loans. In
2012, Mid-American Energy issued one of the earliest “green project bonds,” a 28-year bond to
specifically finance the Topaz solar project, a 550 MW solar power plant in California.
Government: New York’s Energy Research and Development
• Authority issued green bonds to fund 128 drinking water and wastewater projects across the state.
These “green revenue bonds” are to be repaid by revenue collected from fund recipients, such as
local governments and water agencies.
• In 2013, the Indian Renewable Energy Development Authority issued green bonds to finance project
development loans for renewable energy.

Regulatory bodies and frameworks
Similar to the RECS and the green bonds, bef started its water conservation program.
BEF Water Restoration Program - water restoration certificate® projects balance your business
water footprint and leave a lasting legacy
•So much water is withdrawn from rivers and aquifers to meet the needs of cities, agriculture, industry
and business, that across North America tens of thousands of miles of dry or critically dewatered
rivers and wetlands now exist.
•In many places, water withdrawals completely dry up streams or deplete aquifers and significantly
impact water quality, fish and wildlife, economic vitality, and recreation.
•In response to growing global water scarcity, businesses are increasingly seeking ways to achieve
water stewardship goals and minimize their water footprint.
•BEF’s Water Restoration Program and Water Restoration Certificates® (WRCs) offer a first-of-its-kind
platform to help balance your business water footprint, gallon-for-gallon, and to achieve important
water security, food security, and environmental benefits.

•BEF’s Water Restoration Program provides support for a growing and diverse portfolio of
national projects that restore water to achieve important social and environmental
benefits. Restored water is tracked through the creation of Water Restoration Certificates, with
each certificate representing 1,000 gallons of water that directly contributes to restoring the
economic, recreational, and ecological vitality of national freshwater resources. All WRC
projects are certified by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation’s strict set of criteria to
ensure that water is restored in locations that will generate optimum environmental benefit.
This is the model of bef: What are Water Restoration Certificates® (WRCs)?
Through our work to help businesses achieve water stewardship goals and balance their water
footprint, BEF provides comprehensive program services and support for a diverse portfolio of
projects that provide farmers, ranchers and water users an economic incentive to devise new
water management solutions that help support a secure water future and restore water to
benefit critically dewatered ecosystems. Each WRC produced by BEF’s projects represents 1,000
gallons of water restored on a company’s behalf and directly contributes to the recreational and
ecological vitality of freshwater ecosystems.
1 WRC = 1,000 gallons of water restored
Regulatory bodies and frameworks

Types of WRC Projects
BEF partners with many organizations to develop custom water stewardship projects.
We channel funding from corporate partners and the sales of Water Restoration Certificates® to
support a range of projects that enhance or restore flows and water to benefit critically
dewatered sections of rivers, streams and wetlands.
There are several project types
that are used to achieve
restoration goals.
The project types described
below represent the diversity of
projects that make up BEF’s WRC
portfolio.
They are provided as information
only to help inform our customers
about where and how WRCs may
be generated

PERMANENT TRANSFERS—
•In many states, water rights can be permanently transferred from one use to another. In some
cases, water rights can be transferred to serve high-value environmental needs from low-value
economic uses.
•Funding for these transfers can provide permanent environmental benefit by restoring flows of
water to critical wetland areas or chronically dewatered stream reaches to benefit endangered
fish and wildlife and enhance recreational values.
WATER CONSERVATION—
•Opportunities to conserve water used for agriculture in the U.S. abound, however funding to
support water conservation is lacking. BEF’s Water Restoration Certificate® program funds
projects that invest in new irrigation infrastructure to allow irrigators to conserve and divert less
water from dewatered rivers, streams and aquifers.
•By funding irrigation system upgrades, BEF supports projects that leave significant “saved water”
in the river to benefit fish, wildlife and water quality. While projects of this type do not create
“new water” they play a central role in enhancing flows in critically dewatered streams.

WATER LEASING AND FORBEARANCE AGREEMENTS—
•In many circumstances, water rights holders may not need or use all of the water that they have a right
to use.
•Through “leasing” agreements, water rights holders can designate some of their water to be used for
“environmental benefit,” meaning that these water rights holders choose to leave some portion of their
water in dewatered rivers and streams to enhance flows and improve environmental conditions.
•Under the right circumstances, many states in the West allow this “leased” water to be legally protected
against other downstream water use.
•The BEF Water Restoration Certificate® program provides funding to local organizations to pay for the
costs associated with implementing water leasing and forbearance agreements.
WATER MANAGEMENT—
•Each year, outdated irrigation systems in the U.S. can leak up to 80% of the water they attempt to
transfer to thirsty crops.
•Addressing this challenge with modernized systems is just one of the innovative solutions that funding
from the BEF Water Restoration Certificate® program supports. As a result, irrigators divert less water
from rivers, thus restoring water to dewatered sections of vital streams and rivers.

Tariff and Scope
•In the water supply segment, earlier the mandate used to be, to supply water and coverage for
maximum population., however over the years the focus has shifted to increasing the efficiency
of the system by reducing water losses and improving the service levels.
•The focus is not only creation of infrastructure but equally on efficient O&M. The ULBs (Urban
Local Bodies) have realized the importance of metered connection, to get every drop of water
getting billed and paid for so as to reduce misuse of water.
•The introduction of telescopic tariff with 100%
metering improves reduction of wastage
dramatically.
• The water and waste water supply systems
especially in urban sector got a real boost with
launch of JNNURM and UIDSSMT programs in
2005.
•Now this sector will be driven by recently
launched “SMART CITY” program where the
focus will be provided on Urban services in
more integrated way.

Development scope
•The new government is positively inclined to try out new models and provide facilities to people
with accountability and sustainability as top priority.
•All options, including PPP, are being considered to execute the initiatives and programs launched
by the new government.
•AMRUT the new urban transformation program is being introduced to address the growing need
of capital expenditure in urban infrastructure. Similarly by which private funding can supplement
the budgets in PPP need to be considered.
• For this to happen a clear institutional setup, efficient dispute resolution mechanism, and
revenue security terms need to be provided for large private funds to much needed water
infrastructure.

With this model we can actually not only facilitate
the water conservation and distribution but also
restrict the Inter State water disputes in our country
and fight the future crisis successfully.

Challenges
•The overall PPP industry in the country has been in the state of flux over the last few years.
•Initially many players came forward to BOT projects, however the enthusiasm declined gradually.
As a nation we witnessed some very successful and some very unsuccessful attempts in the PPP
segment.
•As that every country has to go through its own learning curve when such experiments are being
undertaken and its upto us to make the best use of the experience.
•The most important factor is the soundness of the financial model of the project and the
financial securities that the project can provide to the investor.
•PPPs in water are still in nascent stage. Its important to understand that the fundamentals of
water and others like Highways or power.
•The tariffs are low and sector is dependent on subsidies during construction phase. Over night
rationalization of tariffs is socially and politically not acceptable.
•They are like SERVICE LEVEL CONTRACTS where pvt operators performance needs to be linked to
service levels like NRW reduction and quality of water supply.

Lake Purification model
•Hussain Sagar Lake was built in 1562 A.D. during the reign of Quli Qutub Shah (1550-1580) the
fourth ruler of Qutub Shahi dynasty. The lake water was utilized for irrigation and drinking water
needs upto 1930.
•The lake joins the twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad and adds historical aesthetic
dimension to the twin cities. Gradually the lake became receptacle of sewage and industrial
effluents from the catchment areas.
•Due to eutrophication, algal bloom, growth of water weeds and bad odour the water body
became redundant for recreation & pisci-culture. Hyderabad Urban Development Authority
(HUDA) is making efforts to restore Hussainsagar Lake to its past glory in all respects including
ecological, economical and cultural aspects by appropriate technological interventions.
• The project titled “Hussainsagar Lake and Catchment Area Improvement Project” is funded by
Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) under ODA assistance with objectives.
•To improve the lake water quality by preventing pollutants entering into the lake both point
source & non-point sources of pollution, besides removal of nutrient rich sediments.
Interception & Diversion of dry weather flows, improvement of Nalas in catchment area.

Hussain Sagar Lake, Hyderabad

Improvement of lake water quality
The following components of work is undertaken to improve the lake water quality and to
maintain the hydrology of the lake.
• Construction of New Sewerage Treatment Plant at Picket Nalla,
• Upgradation of Existing Hussain Sagar Sewerage Treatment Plant,
• Construction of Trunk Sewers,
• Construction of Small Sewerage Treatment Plants,
• Construction of Ring Sewers around the Hussain Sagar Lake,
• Capacity Enhancement of Interception and Diversion Works,
• Recycled Water Supply Facilities, Lake and Nalla Environment Improvement.
• Desilting/Dredging and Disposal of Sediments,
• Construction of Alternative Idol Immersion Places,
• Repair of Surplus Weir,
• Installation of Aeration Equipment,
• Shoreline Improvement, Nalla Improvement, and Slum Improvement,
• Public Awareness and Community Participation

Basic History and features of lake
•The lake joins the twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad
and adds historical aesthetic dimension to the twin cities.
•The lake water was utilized for drinking water source from
1884 to 1930.
•The total Catchment area of the lake is 240 Sq. Kms with free Catchment area of 67 Sq. Kms.
•Recent past many recreational facilities around the lake are created to attract the tourists. The places
of tourist attraction centered around the lake such as Lumbini Park, NTR Garden, Jala Vihar, Water
front, Sanjeevaiah Park and more talked Necklace Road are the special attractions for the thousands of
tourists and visitors from all over India.
•The 18 mtrs height 350 tonne monolithic statue of Buddha carved in white granite erected on the rock
of Gibraltar rock and 33 statues of Andhra Pradesh luminaries from various fields on the Tank Bund are
major attractions of the lake vicinity.
•The regular boating and roving facilities in the lake waters of Hussain Sagar entertains the tourists in
the field of water sports and creates a pass time.

Quality based on values

•The Hyderabad city over the years experienced the idol
immersion of Ganesh and Durga during the Vinayaka Chaturthi
and Dasara season
•After the worship period these idols are taken on procession
with large gatherings of public for immersion into Hussain Sagar
Lake.
•These idols along with flowers, leaves and other pooja material
are immersed into the Hussain Sagar Lake waters.
•Around 20 to 30 thousand idols along with decorative material
are unloaded into lake water to cause increase in pollution of
water levels.
Additional caused for pollution of Lake

•The State Government of Andhra Pradesh has taken initiatives to
divert the sewage and industrial effluents flowing into the lake to
the down stream area by laying ‘A Main and ‘K&S Main from the
nalla inflows.
•A smaller I&D structures are developed in these allas to intercept
and divert the excess flows of sewage into diversion pipelines.
•A secondary level treatment plant with 20 Mld capacity is
constructed to treat the sewage water drawn from the ‘A’ main
at confluence point of Balkapur Nalla meeting the Hussain Sagar
Lake.
•The total treated water is released into the lake for maintenance
of hydrology.
Additional caused for pollution of Lake

•Over the years the lake has become a major central attraction for
local and foreign tourists in water sports, gardens around the
Hussain Sagar Lake.
•Government of Andhra Pradesh has created a separate
management authority named Budda Poornima Project
Authority (BPPA) to control and maintain the lake and its
surrounding areas.
•A project named “Hussain Sagar Lake and Catchment Area
Improvement Project” with ODA loan assistance from Japan
Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) with following
objectives
Hussain Sagar as an attraction

Hussain Sagar Lake and Catchment Area
Improvement Project
PROJECT OBJECTIVES
source & non-point sources of pollution, besides removal of the nutrient rich sediments.
•Interception & Diversion of dry weather flows, improvement of Nallas in Catchment area to
check the entry of polluted waters into lake.
•To improve the overall lake environment and its surroundings for enriched biodiversity.
•Increasing the potentiality of eco-tourism and economic status of local people
•Improving sanitary conditions of people living in the catchment area and vicinity of the Lake.
PROJECT INITIATIVES
To restore and conserve the Hussain Sagar Lake various components of work is proposed around
the lake and its catchment area.

Project Initiatives
Treatment Plants:
•To maintain the hydrology of the lake due to evaporation and percolation losses it is calculated
the need of 32 Mld water regularly during the lean season.
•To maintain the water levels of the lake and to improve the some of the catchment area lakes
water quality the five Sewerage Treatment Plants (STP) are in progress of construction.
– Construction of 30 Mld Treatment Plant.
– Up gradation of existing 20 Mld Treatment Plant with MBR Process to tertiary level at
Maktha.
– Establishment of 3 STPs in Hashmathpet, Rangadamini and Thammidi Kunta Lakes.

Project Initiatives
Sewerage Network:
•To avoid the entry of untreated sewage into the lake through mallas it is essential to establish
perfect interception and diversion works at the inflow nallas.
•To take the load of excess sewage flowing into the lake the trunk sewer connectivity to the
capacity of flows is in progress.
– Development of sewerage system in Hussain sagar Catchment area as per Sewerage Master
Plan by HMWS&SB.
– Laying of ring sewer along the Hussainsagar Lake.
– Capacity enhancement of I&D works.

Results and Conclusion
•Improvement in the Lake water quality from Hyper-eutrophic condition to Mesotrophic condition
•Increase the Biodiversity of the Lake
•Increase in pisci-culture activities, leading to recreational fishing.
•Employment generation by Eco-tourism activity and Increase in recreational facilities
•Improvement in the groundwater quality
•Improvement in human health of lake surround
•Improved aesthetics
•Enhancement of property values in the lake surroundings
The Hussain Sagar Lake and Catchment Area Improvement Project (2006-2012) funded by Japan
Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) under ODA loan assistance will restore and conserve
one of the larger urban lakes. This creates an environmental upgradation in the heart of the city
and provide aesthetic values to the tourists / visitors and economic up-liftment to the local
residents.

Thank you
MBA Infrastructure
31st July '2015 68
 Rahul Reddy
 Kaushik Dey
 Anurag Jha
 Girija Sankar
 Sangeetha
Venugopalan

Water in indian infrastructure

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