When it comes to road failures and erosion, we have found that we can prioritize our efforts by seeing where most failures occur. Data from forests in Pacific Northwest. The likelihood of a road failure increases with proximity to a stream. In other words, concentrated flowing water is the cause of most road failures.
Example of web of small wood and sediment that incrementally lock together and plug the inlet of a pipe. Upper Last Chance, WRNF.
Explain stream simulation as building a stream and putting a lid over it. Engineers have decided what happens at road-stream crossings for decades, and their focus was the road. Our values have changed and aquatic ecologist are having a say, and we have found that we can easily accommodate both.
