The document discusses the state of forest transportation networks in Ukraine. It notes that about 4,000 km of forest roads were constructed from 2007-2014, increasing the total length by 6%. However, this is still much less than European countries, which have 40-55 km of roads per 1,000 hectares compared to Ukraine's 7.7 km. The development of forest infrastructure is a government priority, but Ukraine still needs about 250,000 additional km of forest roads to reach European standards. The document outlines the stages and techniques for forest road construction in Ukraine.

1. Condition and strategy of development
of forest transportation network
in Ukraine
State Forest Resources Agency of Ukraine
Dr. Oleksii PRYSTAIA
Member of the Board of the State
Forest Agency of Ukraine,,
Emeritus Builder of Ukraine
e-mail prystaia@gmail.com
Tel. + 38 (067) 3120894

2. About 4,000 km of forest roads were
constructed in 2007-2014, which increased
their total length is 6%

3. The solution to the problem of forest
infrastructure in Ukraine
One of the main problem of forestry of Ukraine’s
forestry is insufficiently developed forest infrastructure
Forest roads in UkraineForest roads in Austria

4. The construction of forest roads
• The total length of forest
roads in Ukraine is about 74
thousand km.
• The density of automobile
roads in Ukraine - 7.7 km
per 1 thousand ha.
• This is 5-7 times less than
the best European
indicators
• There are 40-55 km of roads
per one thousand ha in
Austria, Germany,
Switzerland, France

5. The development of forest infrastructure is a
priority of the government
• The need for construction of
forest roads in Ukraine makes
up about 250,000 km
• If you build a 3 thousand km of
forest roads in Ukraine every
year, the European indicators
level will be reached in 75 years

6. Mountain forest roads are laid along the beds of
rivers and streams

7. Destruction of roads laid along watercourses

8. Destruction of roads laid along watercourses

9. Destruction of roads laid along
watercourses

10. Destruction and damage to bridges

11. Destruction and damage to bridges

14. Let's see how it looks in reality in
countries such as:
• Germany
• Turkey
• Austria
• France
• Finland

15. Forest roads in Austria

16. Forest roads in Austria

17. Forest roads in Austria

18. Germany

19. Forest roads in
Germany
The yellow line on the slide with length of one
kilometer distance is for comparison

20. Forest roads in
Germany
The yellow line on the slide with length of one
kilometer distance is for comparison

21. Turkey

22. Forest roads in Turkey

23. Forest roads in Turkey

24. Finland

25. Forest roads in Finland The yellow line on the slide with length of one
kilometer distance is for comparison

26. Forest roads in Finland The yellow line on the slide with length of one
kilometer distance is for comparison

27. At the end of each forest road built in Finland there is a
"loop" for logging vehicles to turn
The yellow line on the slide
with length of one kilometer
distance is for comparison

28. France

29. Forest roads in
France
The yellow line on the slide with length of one
kilometer distance is for comparison

30. Forest roads in
France
The yellow line on the slide with length of one
kilometer distance is for comparison

31. Forest roads in
France
The yellow line on the slide with length of one
kilometer distance is for comparison

32. Ukraine

33. Forest roads
in Ukraine
The yellow line on the slide with length of one
kilometer distance is for comparison

34. Forest
roads in
Ukraine
The yellow line on the slide with length of one
kilometer distance is for comparison

35. Forest
roads in
Ukraine
The yellow line on the slide with length of one
kilometer distance is for comparison

36. Forest
roads in
Ukraine
The yellow line on the slide with length
of one kilometer distance is for
comparison

37. A 7 km long forest road was built in 2007 at a height of
1500 m above sea level
Forest
roads in
Ukraine
The yellow line on the slide with length of
one kilometer distance is for comparison

38. An 8 km long forest road built in 2007
Forest
roads in
Ukraine
The yellow line on the slide with length of
one kilometer distance is for comparison

39. Part of built forest roads and
designed road route
Forest
roads in
Ukraine
The yellow line on the slide with length
of one kilometer distance is for
comparison

40. Construction of forest roads in Ukraine was
started in 2007
• 60 million USD was allocated from the budget
for building forest roads in 2007
• For the money in that year 204 km of paved
forest roads were built, including:
• - in The Carpathians -164 km
• - in Polissya - 40 km

41. State funded construction of forest roads
in Ukraine
• In 2007 – 60 mln. UAH .;
• In 2008 - 160 mln. UAH., including:
• - 70 mln. UAH - construction of forest roads;
• - 90 mln. UAH - restoration of forest roads
damaged by flood in the Carpathians;
• 2009 – No funds allocated from the budget;
• 2010 -10 mln. UAH - construction of fire-
prevention forest roads;
• 2011 -110 mln. UAH .;
• 2012 -2013 - No funds allocated from the budget

42. Stages of a forest road construction in the plains

43. Stages of a forest road construction on
marshes

44. Stages of a forest road construction in the
mountains

60. Construction of forest roads by excavation
technology

78. Soil "Sorting" during the roadbed
construction of the forest roads
Under the fertile soil or peat there is
always a layer of sand or clay
mineral soils, sometimes with
inclusions of stone, gravel.
So, we “change” fertile soil with mineral
layer and move the fertile layer (humus,
peat) into the ditch on the sides and
reserves, where from the mineral soil was
removed for the roadbed construction.

79. And we get a roadbed like this:

81. The fertile layer we move to the ditches, slopes and side
reserves, and the "mined" mineral soil we use to build the
roadbed.
This way is several times cheaper and faster than bringing
sand for the roadbed construction

82. We “change” sand for peat in the same way

83. We build the roadbed of sand, and move the peat to
the slopes, ditches and side reserves, where the sand
was extracted from.

84. When the thickness of the peat layer is over 0.5
meter and the groundwater level is high the
roadbed is built of imported sand, after the peat
has been removed.
Peat can be immediately loaded on trucks and transported. When the peat contains a lot
of moisture it can be stored in the right of way and removed after draining the moisture, or
can be flatten in the roadbed slopes, roadside ditches and reserves, where the material for
the roadbed has been taken from.

85. Examples of roadbed in the swamp built of imported
soil on the basis after the peat has been removed

86. During the roadbed construction "production standards" must be
observed and the correct slope should be shaped from the very
beginning

87. During the roadbed construction "production standards"
must be observed and the correct slope should be
shaped from the very beginning

90. Laying the removed topsoil "grass up"

91. Laying the removed topsoil "grass up"

93. Few examples
Construction of forest roads in the
"status" of repair

94. State Enterprise Bilikorovytske
Forestry, 0602
June 25
October 26

95. State Enterprise Bilikorovytske
Forestry, 0602
June 25
October 26

96. State Enterprise Bilikorovytske
Forestry, 0602
June 25
October 26

97. State Enterprise Berdichivske Forestry, 0603
June 3 September 10

98. State Enterprise Horodnitske Forestry, 0604
June 25
October 27

99. State Enterprise Horodnitske Forestry, 0604
June 22
October 27

100. State Enterprise Emilchinske Forestry, 0605
June 15
October 27

109. "Loop" to turn the car at the end of the road -
side view

110. "Loop" to turn at the end of the road car – view
from the road

111. Charting forest roads routes on
digital maps

112. Maps of forest roads (site of VO "Ukrdzherzhlisproekt")
http://www.lisproekt.gov.ua/index.php?id=28

122. Road track that is being built in real
time on a regular map

123. On the topographical map (landscape)

124. On the satellite photo

125. On the volumetric satellite photo
(3-D image)

126. Tracking the use of construction machinery

127. Experimental model of geographic information system for
forest roads inventory
Created by UkrHirLis together with NLTUU and "Ukrderzhlisproekt" for State enterprise
"Tsumanske forestry" based on ArcQGIS. It is planned to use this model as a basis for
organizing the inventory of forest roads during forest management.
Involves the use of electronic maps of forest plantations, ortho photos, GIS database and
digital maps of forest roads, descriptive information of separate buildings and their photos

128. • In 2013 Ukraine achieved the rate of forest road
construction per unit of forest area that had been
maintained in Finland during the last 50 years,
leaving behind Russia in this issue even in
absolute terms.
• Achieved rates should be preserved and in future
we have to build at least 1,500 km of forest roads
annually
• We now have everything necessary for this -
knowledge, experience, equipment, technology,
work system, political will and ability to earn
money

129. Indexed plan of forest road construction in
accordance with harvested volume
• Planed volume of building roads by lisgosp`s:
– 2007 – 1 km for every 50 000 m3 harvested
– 2008 – 1 km for every 40 000 m3 harvested
– 2009 – 1 km for every 30 000 m3 harvested
– 2010 – 1 km for every 25 000 m3 harvested
– 2011 – 1 km for every 20 000 m3 harvested
– 2012 – 1 km for every 15 000 m3 harvested
– 2013 – 1 km for every 12 500 m3 harvested
– 2014 and later – 1 km for every 10 000 m3 harvested

130. Results
• From 2007 till 2014 , 3980 km of forest roads was
constructed in Ukraine, include:
– In 2011 was constructed - 440 km, among them:
• 100 km financed by State budget;
• 340 km financed by own money of lisgosp`s;
– In 2012 was constructed 942 km,
– In 2013 was constructed 1132 km,
– In 2014 was constructed 694 km, (doesn't fits a norm
because of war in Ukraine)
(in 2012 - 2014 all construction financed by own money of lisgosp`s)
130

131. Economic return
• Investments in forestry roads, built in
operational woods, as a rule returned from 3
to 5 years,
• In some cases these period was reduced to 1
year,
• In semi-operational woods economic return
counted not only by price but also with its
social and ecological advantages

132. 132
Thank you!
Prystaya Oleksiy Dmytrovych,
Member of the Board of the State Forest Agency of
Ukraine, Ph.D.,
Emeritus Builder of Ukraine
e-mail prystaia@gmail.com
Tel. + 38 (067) 3120894