1. (Cover pg)
ASSIGNMENT- FALL 2013
Name:
__Narinder Kumar_________________________
Registration No:
__511225739_____________________________
Learning Center:
__Artex Informatic_________________________
Learning Center Code:
__1688__________________________________
Course:
__MCA__________________________________
Subject:
__ JAVA PROGRAMMING__________________
Semester:
___IV___________________________________
Subject Code:
___MC0078______________________________
Date of submission:
___30 November 2013______________________
Marks awarded:
________________________________________
Directorate of Distance Education
Sikkim Manipal University
II Floor, Syndicate House
Manipal – 576 104
Signature of Coordinator
Signature of Center
Q1:- List ten features of JAVA
Signature of Evaluator

2. Ans:- Features of Java:
1) Java is a simple language that can be learned easily, even if you have just
started programming.
2) A Java programmer need not know the internal of Java. The syntax of Java is
similar to C++. Unlike C++, in which the programmer handles memory
manipulation, Java handles the required memory manipulations, and thus
prevents errors that arise due to improper memory usage.
3) Java defines data as objects with methods that support the objects. Java is
purely object-oriented and provides abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance and
polymorphism. Even the most basic program has a class. Any code that you
write in Java is inside a class.
4) Java is tuned of Web. Java programs can access data across the Web as easily
as they access data from a local system.
5) Java is both interpreted and compiled. The code is compiled to a byte code
that is binary and platform independent.
6) When you compile a piece of code, all the errors is listed together. You can
execute only when all the errors are rectified. An interpreter, on the other
hand, verifies the code and executes it line by line.
7) Compilation is the process of converting the code that you type, into a
language that the computer understands- machine language. When you
compile a program using a compiler, the compiler checks for syntactic errors
in code and list all the errors on the screen.
8) Byte code is the result of compiling a Java program. You can execute this
code on any platform. In other words, due to the byte code compilation
process and interpretation by a browser, Java programs can be executed on a
variety of hardware and operating systems. The only requirement is that the
system should have a Java-enabled Internet browser.
9) Java forces you to handle unexpected errors. This ensures that Java programs
are robust (reliable), and bug free and do not crash.
10) You can create multithreading programs using Java. The core of Java is also
multithreaded.
Q2:- Write short notes on packages and Interfaces in JAVA
Ans:- Packages: In the preceding section, the name of each example class was taken
from the same name space. This means that a unique name had to be used for each
class to avoid name collisions. After a while, without some way to manage the name
space, you could run out of convenient, descriptive names for individual classes. You
also need some way to be assured that the name you choose for a class will be
reasonably unique and not collide with class names chosen by other programmers.
Thankfully, Java provides a mechanism for partitioning the class name space into
more manageable chunks. This mechanism is the package. The package is both a
naming and a visibility control mechanism. You can define classes inside a package
that are not accessible by code outside that package. You can also define class
members that are only exposed to other members of the same package. This allows
your classes to have intimate knowledge of each other, but not expose that knowledge
to the rest of the world.
Interface: Using the keyword interface, you can fully abstract a class' interface from
its implementation. That is, using interface, you can specify what a class must do, but
not how it does it. Interfaces are syntactically similar to classes, but they lack instance

3. variables, and their methods are declared without any body. In practice, this means
that you can define interfaces which don't make assumptions about how they are
implemented. Once it is defined, any number of classes can implement an interface.
Also, one class can implement any number of interfaces. To implement an interface, a
class must create the complete set of methods defined by the interface. However, each
class is free to determine the details of its own implementation. By providing the
interface keyword, Java allows you to fully utilize the "one interface, multiple
methods" aspect of polymorphism.
Q3:- What is the difference between errors and exceptions? What are
the different types of Exception?
Ans:- Definition of an Exception: The term exception denotes an exceptional event. It
can be defined as an abnormal event that occurs during program execution and
disrupts the normal flow of instruction.
Error-handling becomes a necessity when you develop applications that need to take
care of unexpected situations.
If an above-mentioned situation is encountered, a program may stop working. You
cannot afford to have an application stop working or crashing, if the requested file is
not present on the disk.
Exception Classes:
Common Exceptions
Java has several predefined exceptions. The most common exceptions that you may
encounter are described below.
� Arithmetic Exception
This exception is thrown when an exceptional arithmetic condition has occurred. For
example, a division by zero generates such an exception.
� Null Pointer Exception
This exception is thrown when an application attempts to use null where an object is
required. An object that has not been allocated memory holds a null value. The
situations in which an exception is thrown include:
a) Using an object without allocating memory for it.
b) Calling the methods of a null object.
c) Accessing or modifying the attributes of a null object.
� ArrayIndexOutOfBounds Exception
The exception ArrayIndexOutOfBounds Exception is thrown when an attempt is
made to access an array element beyond the index of the array. For example, if you
try to access the eleventh element of an array that’s has only ten elements, the
exception will be thrown.
Q4:- What are the differences between a process and a thread?
Ans:- Processes and Threads: In concurrent programming, there are two basic units of
execution: processes and threads. In the Java programming language, concurrent
programming is mostly concerned with threads. However, processes are also
important.
A computer system normally has many active processes and threads. This is true even
in systems that only have a single execution core, and thus only have one thread
actually executing at any given moment. Processing time for a single core is shared

4. among processes and threads through an OS feature called time slicing.
Processes: A process has a self-contained execution environment. A process generally
has a complete, private set of basic run-time resources; in particular, each process has
its own memory space.
Processes are often seen as synonymous with programs or applications. However,
what the user sees as a single application may in fact be a set of cooperating
processes. To facilitate communication between processes, most operating systems
support Inter Process Communication (IPC) resources, such as pipes and sockets.
Threads: Threads are sometimes called lightweight processes. Both processes and
threads provide an execution environment, but creating a new thread requires fewer
resources than creating a new process.
Threads exist within a process every process has at least one. Threads share the
process's resources, including memory and open files. This makes for efficient, but
potentially problematic, communication.
Q5:- a) Write Java program to print the address of the study center.
b) Write a Java program to find the sum of 1+3+5+…. for 10
terms in the series.
Ans:- a) Write Java program to print the address of the study center.