紅麴在預防醫學上之應用 Tzu-Ming PanPresident Health Food Society of Taiwan Committee member Health Food Evaluation Committee, DOH Professor and Director Institute of Microbiology and Biochemistry, NTU 2008.12.16 於 2008 紅麴國際研討會
Content 演講內容 Healthfood regulation in Taiwan 臺灣健康食品管理概況 Importance of health food in investment 保健食品在民間投資比重 Production of red mold rice 紅麴之生產 Application of red mold rice 紅麴米之應用 New application of red mold rice-Preventive medicine 紅麴之新應用—預防醫學 As cholesterol lowing agent ( 血脂調節 ) As antifatigue agent ( 抗疲勞 ) As antiobesity agent ( 不易形成體脂肪 ) As anti-Alzheimer’s disease agent ( 抗阿茲海默症 ) The future of health food in Taiwan 台灣保健食品未來展望
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Content 演講內容 Healthfood regulation in Taiwan 臺灣健康食品管理概況 Importance of health food in investment 保健食品在民間投資比重 Production of red mold rice 紅麴之生產 Application of red mold rice 紅麴米之應用 New application of red mold rice-Preventive medicine 紅麴之新應用—預防醫學 As cholesterol lowing agent ( 血脂調節 ) As antifatigue agent ( 抗疲勞 ) As antiobesity agent ( 不易形成體脂肪 ) As anti-Alzheimer’s disease agent ( 抗阿茲海默症 ) The future of health food in Taiwan 台灣保健食品未來展望
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Health Food ControlAct 「健康食品管理法」 Effective on August 3, 1999, and was amended on May 17, 2006 . 於 1999 年 8 月 3 日正式生效施行, 2006 年 5 月 17 日修正。 Foods with health claim must be approved by the Department of Health based on scientific evaluations of the safety and biological activity of the products. 宣稱具有保健功效之食品,須由衛生署針對產品安全與生理活性 ( 功效 ) 進行科學評估 Until in March 2008, 114 health foods have been certified by regular approval. 截至 2008 年 11 月底止,共有 138 種產品通過認證
Content 演講內容 Healthfood regulation in Taiwan 臺灣健康食品管理概況 Importance of health food in investment 保健食品在民間投資比重 Production of red mold rice 紅麴之生產 Application of red mold rice 紅麴米之應用 New application of red mold rice-Preventive medicine 紅麴之新應用—預防醫學 As cholesterol lowing agent ( 血脂調節 ) As antifatigue agent ( 抗疲勞 ) As antiobesity agent ( 不易形成體脂肪 ) As anti-Alzheimer’s disease agent ( 抗阿茲海默症 ) The future of health food in Taiwan 台灣保健食品未來展望
Content 演講內容 Healthfood regulation in Taiwan 臺灣健康食品管理概況 Importance of health food in investment 保健食品在民間投資比重 Production of red mold rice 紅麴之生產 Application of red mold rice 紅麴米之應用 New application of red mold rice-Preventive medicine 紅麴之新應用—預防醫學 As cholesterol lowing agent ( 血脂調節 ) As antifatigue agent ( 抗疲勞 ) As antiobesity agent ( 不易形成體脂肪 ) As anti-Alzheimer’s disease agent ( 抗阿茲海默症 ) The future of health food in Taiwan 台灣保健食品未來展望
Carbohydrate 碳水化合物 55.3% Monacolin K 0.8% (variable) Reducing sugar 還原糖 0.9% Others 11.8% Protein 蛋白質 19.3% Lipid 脂肪 3.5% Ash 灰份 4.3% Moisture 水份 4.0% Composition of red mold rice 紅麴米組成份
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Content 演講內容 Healthfood regulation in Taiwan 臺灣健康食品管理概況 Importance of health food in investment 保健食品在民間投資比重 Production of red mold rice 紅麴之生產 Application of red mold rice 紅麴米之應用 New application of red mold rice-Preventive medicine 紅麴之新應用—預防醫學 As cholesterol lowing agent ( 血脂調節 ) As antifatigue agent ( 抗疲勞 ) As antiobesity agent ( 不易形成體脂肪 ) As anti-Alzheimer’s disease agent ( 抗阿茲海默症 ) The future of health food in Taiwan 台灣保健食品未來展望
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Application of redmold rice 紅麴之應用 Before 1979 (1979 年之前 ) Application 應用 : Enzyme : wine making 酵素:主要應用於釀酒 Pigment : as colurant 色素:當作天然色素 Production 生產 : Solid state fermentation : rice as substrate 固態發酵:以米為基質 Submerged culture : rice powder as substrate 液態發酵:以米粉為基質 After 1980 (1980 年以後 ) Application : as healthy food 應用:用為保健食品為主 Production : Solid state fermentation 生產:固態為主,基質改變
Content 演講內容 Healthfood regulation in Taiwan 臺灣健康食品管理概況 Importance of health food in investment 保健食品在民間投資比重 Production of red mold rice 紅麴之生產 Application of red mold rice 紅麴米之應用 New application of red mold rice-Preventive medicine 紅麴之新應用—預防醫學 As cholesterol lowing agent ( 血脂調節 ) As antifatigue agent ( 抗疲勞 ) As antiobesity agent ( 不易形成體脂肪 ) As anti-Alzheimer’s disease agent ( 抗阿茲海默症 ) The future of health food in Taiwan 台灣保健食品未來展望
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Application of redmold rice in preventive medicine 紅麴在預防醫學上之應用 Aniya et al. Gen Pharmacol Dimerumic acid Protection of liver damage 1999 Author Journal Published Bioactive Ingredient Function Year 玉田英明 食品與科學 Unknown Blood glucose lowering 1988 Tsuji et al. Jpn J Nutri GABA Blood pressure lowering 1992 Monacolins Pigment Monacolin K 1999 1996 1979 Heber Am J Clin Nutr Cholesterol lowering (clinical test) Yasukawa et al. Oncology Cancer cell inhibition Endo J Antibiot (Tokyo) Cholesterol lowering
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Application of redmold rice in preventive medicine 紅麴在預防醫學上之應用 Wang and Pan Appl Microbiol Biotechnol Amino acids and others Antifatigue 2006 Wang and Pan Appl Microbiol Biotechnol Monacolin K Hypolipidemic Effects 2006 Author Journal Published Bioactive Ingredient Function Year Jeon et al. Life Sci Water extract Inhibitive effects on preadipocyte differentiation 2004 Monacolins Water extract 2003 2000 Rhyu et al. J Ethnopharmacol Anti-immflation Wei et al. J Nutr Biochem Anti-atherosclerotic effect
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Application of redmold rice in preventive medicine 紅麴在預防醫學上之應用 Lee and Pan Appl Microbiol Biotechnol Monacolins,GABA, Antioxidant etc. Anti-Azeheimer’s Disease (cell model) 2008 Lee and Pan J Neurosci Research Monacolins,GABA, Antioxidant etc. Anti-Azeheimer’s Disease (animal model) 2007 Lee and Pan J Agric Food Chem Monacolins (fermented from Dioscorea ) Hypolipidemic and anti-atherosclerotic effect 2007 Author Journal Published Bioactive Ingredient Function Year Chen and Pan Int J Obesity Monacolins, Antioxidant etc. Anti-Obesity 2008
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Content 演講內容 Healthfood regulation in Taiwan 臺灣健康食品管理概況 Importance of health food in investment 保健食品在民間投資比重 Production of red mold rice 紅麴之生產 Application of red mold rice 紅麴米之應用 New application of red mold rice-Preventive medicine 紅麴之新應用—預防醫學 As cholesterol lowing agent ( 血脂調節 ) As antifatigue agent ( 抗疲勞 ) As antiobesity agent ( 不易形成體脂肪 ) As anti-Alzheimer’s disease agent ( 抗阿茲海默症 ) The future of health food in Taiwan 台灣保健食品未來展望
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O verall anti-cholesterolbenefits of red mold rice produced by Monascus purpureus NTU 568 (4 week) ↓ TC ↓TG ↓LDL-C ↓ L DL-C/HDL-C 31. 2% 3 0 . 1 % 36 . 0 % 3 9 . 2 % ↑ HDL-C 1 1 . 6 % In vivo hypolipidemic effects and safety of low dosage monascus powder in a hamster model of hyperlipidemia, Appl. Microb. & Biotech. (2006) 70: 533-540.
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The microscopy photos(400 X and 100 X) of liver biopsy of experimental hamster ( 實驗動物肝臟切片鏡檢結果 ) 實驗組 ( HChol-M1 組 ) 以 400 X 及 100 X 鏡檢之結果 In vivo hypolipidemic effects and safety of low dosage monascus powder in a hamster model of hyperlipidemia, Appl. Microb. & Biotech. (2006) 70: 533-540.
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Content 演講內容 Healthfood regulation in Taiwan 臺灣健康食品管理概況 Importance of health food in investment 保健食品在民間投資比重 Production of red mold rice 紅麴之生產 Application of red mold rice 紅麴米之應用 New application of red mold rice-Preventive medicine 紅麴之新應用—預防醫學 As cholesterol lowing agent ( 血脂調節 ) As antifatigue agent ( 抗疲勞 ) As antiobesity agent ( 不易形成體脂肪 ) As anti-Alzheimer’s disease agent ( 抗阿茲海默症 ) The future of health food in Taiwan 台灣保健食品未來展望
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Swimming test (游泳試驗 ) Effect of red mold rice on antifatigue and exercise-related changes in lipid peroxidation in endurance exercise, Appl. Microb. & Biotech. (2006) 70: 247-253. 129.4 10.9 c 104.2 9.6 b 78.0 6.4 a Swimming time (min) 65.90 486.2 40.3 a 435.2 33.3 a High dosage gr. 33.59 477.1 41.2 a 421.1 32.9 a Low dosage gr. - 491.4 33.4 a 427.3 30.1 a Control After test Before test Increase in swimming time (%) Body wt (g) Group
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Lactic acid andglucose in blood ( 乳酸與血糖 ) Effect of red mold rice on antifatigue and exercise-related changes in lipid peroxidation in endurance exercise, Appl. Microb. & Biotech. (2006) 70: 247-253. High dosage gr. Low dosage gr. Control Group 27.63 1.17 a 27.72 0.99 a 29.52 1.44 a Before swimming Lactic acid (mg/dL) 28.89 1.62 c (+4.56%) 31.41 1.80 b (+13.31%) 45.00 0.90 a (+ 52.44% ) After swimming (change%) 117.67 11.06 b (-3.02%) 121.33 10.50 a 111.33 8.50 b (-7.48%) 120.33 4.62 a 76.67 8.08 a (-38.17% ) 124.00 13.08 a After swimming (change%) Before swimming Glucose in blood (mg/dL)
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Urine nitrogen andhaemoblobin ( 尿氮與紅血球 ) Effect of red mold rice on antifatigue and exercise-related changes in lipid peroxidation in endurance exercise, Appl. Microb. & Biotech. (2006) 70: 247-253. High dosage gr. Low dosage gr. Control Group 17.74 0.91 b 17.26 0.81 ab 16.37 1.02 a Before swimming Urine nitrogen (mg/dL) 20.53 1.09 b (+15.7%) 20.33 0.83 b (+17.8%) 21.87 0.75 a (+33.6%) After swimming (change%) 13.28 0.35 b (-13.3%) 15.31 0.38 a 13.70 0.55 ab (-12.4%) 15.64 0.34 a 14.20 0.21 a (-10.1%) 15.80 0.55 a After swimming (change%) Before swimming Haemoblobin (g/dL)
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Content 演講內容 Healthfood regulation in Taiwan 臺灣健康食品管理概況 Importance of health food in investment 保健食品在民間投資比重 Production of red mold rice 紅麴之生產 Application of red mold rice 紅麴米之應用 New application of red mold rice-Preventive medicine 紅麴之新應用—預防醫學 As cholesterol lowing agent ( 血脂調節 ) As antifatigue agent ( 抗疲勞 ) As antiobesity agent ( 不易形成體脂肪 ) As anti-Alzheimer’s disease agent ( 抗阿茲海默症 ) The future of health food in Taiwan 台灣保健食品未來展望
Obesity Trends* AmongU.S. Adults 美國成人之肥胖趨勢 No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥ 30% (*BMI 30, or about 30 lbs. overweight for 5’4” person) BMI 值大於 30 或 5 呎 4 吋成人體重超重 30 磅 Reference: BRFSS, 1990, 1998, 2007 資料來源; BRFSS, 1990, 1998, 2007
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Obesity Trends* AmongU.S. Adults BRFSS, 1985 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14%
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Obesity Trends* AmongU.S. Adults BRFSS, 1986 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14%
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Obesity Trends* AmongU.S. Adults BRFSS, 1987 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14%
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Obesity Trends* AmongU.S. Adults BRFSS, 1988 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14%
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Obesity Trends* AmongU.S. Adults BRFSS, 1989 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14%
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Obesity Trends* AmongU.S. Adults BRFSS, 1990 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14%
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Obesity Trends* AmongU.S. Adults BRFSS, 1991 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%
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Obesity Trends* AmongU.S. Adults BRFSS, 1992 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%
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Obesity Trends* AmongU.S. Adults BRFSS, 1993 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%
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Obesity Trends* AmongU.S. Adults BRFSS, 1994 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%
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Obesity Trends* AmongU.S. Adults BRFSS, 1995 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%
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Obesity Trends* AmongU.S. Adults BRFSS, 1996 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%
86.
Obesity Trends* AmongU.S. Adults BRFSS, 1997 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20%
87.
Obesity Trends* AmongU.S. Adults BRFSS, 1998 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20%
88.
Obesity Trends* AmongU.S. Adults BRFSS, 1999 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20%
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Obesity Trends* AmongU.S. Adults BRFSS, 2000 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20%
90.
Obesity Trends* AmongU.S. Adults BRFSS, 2001 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%
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(*BMI ≥30, or~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2002 No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%
92.
Obesity Trends* AmongU.S. Adults BRFSS, 2003 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%
93.
Obesity Trends* AmongU.S. Adults BRFSS, 2004 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%
94.
Obesity Trends* AmongU.S. Adults BRFSS, 2005 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%
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Obesity Trends* AmongU.S. Adults BRFSS, 2006 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%
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Obesity Trends* AmongU.S. Adults BRFSS, 2007 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%
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Assessment of safetyitem 安全探討項目 Analysis of blood lipid 血脂質分析 Analysis of liver lipid 肝臟脂質分析 Analysis of blood liver index, kidney index and electrolyte concentration 血液中肝指數 (GOP 、 GPT 酵素 ) 、腎指數 ( 肌酸酐、尿酸 ) 及電解質 ( 鈉、鉀 ) 分析 Analysis of fasting blood glucose and serum insulin 禁食血糖及血清胰島素分析
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Assessment of functionalitem 功能性探討項目 Weight gain 體重 Food intake 食物攝食量 Feed efficiency 飼料效率 Amount of body fat 體脂肪量 Cell cross-sectional area of adipose tissues 脂肪組織細胞大小 ( 截面積 ) Cell number of adipose tissues 脂肪組織細胞數目 Lipolysis of adipose tissues 脂肪組織脂解作用
Conclusion of Applicationof Red Mold Rice in Preventive medicine -As antiobesity agent (cell model) 紅麴在預防醫學上之應用 —不易形成體脂肪 之結論 ( 細胞試驗 ) Both water and ethanol extracts of RMR had inhibitory effects on 3T3-L1 preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation. 紅麴米水萃及酒萃物對 3T3-L1 前脂肪細胞均有抑制增生及分化之效果。 Water extracts of RMR enhanced the lipolysis activity in mature adipocytes, which negatively correlated with the triglyceride content within cells. 紅麴米水萃物對成熟脂肪細胞脂解活性均有促進作用,細胞中三酸甘油脂含量顯著減少。
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Conclusion of Applicationof Red Mold Rice in Preventive medicine -As antiobesity agent (animal model) 紅麴在預防醫學上之應用 —不易形成體脂肪 之結論 ( 動物試驗 ) After 6 weeks, rats treated with RMR at the 0.4% and 2% doses had lower weight gain and less fat pads mass accompanied with smaller fat cells than did the HF-diet rats. 以 0.6% 及 2.0% 紅麴米餵食大鼠 6 週後,其體重及脂肪墊顯著比高熱量組減少。 These effects probably resulted from an increase in the lipolysis activity of adipose tissue and a reduction in food/energy consumption. 此結果可能係脂肪組織之脂解活性增加及飼料攝食量減少所造成。
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Conclusion of Applicationof Red Mold Rice in Preventive medicine -As antiobesity agent (animal model) 紅麴在預防醫學上之應用 —不易形成體脂肪 之結論 ( 動物試驗 ) The RMR supplement significantly reduced serum total cholesterol, serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, the ratio of LDL to high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and serum insulin in the HF group. 攝食紅麴米使總膽固醇、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇與高密度脂蛋白膽固醇比值顯著比高熱量組下降 The 2% RMR treatment significantly increased serum HDL cholesterol. 攝食 2.0% 紅麴米顯著提升高密度脂蛋白膽固醇 RMR can prevent body fat accumulation and improve dyslipidemia. 攝食紅麴米可預防體脂肪堆積並改善高脂血症
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Conclusion of Applicationof Red Mold Rice in Preventive medicine -As antiobesity agent (animal model) 紅麴在預防醫學上之應用 —不易形成體脂肪 之結論 ( 動物試驗 ) The anti-obesity effects of RMR mainly derive from the lipolytic activity and mild anti-appetite potency of RMR. 紅麴米之抗肥胖效果主要來自脂解活性增加及降低食慾 Extracts of RMR suppressed the proliferation and differentiation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, which might have contributed to the inhibition of new adipocyte formation or hyperplasia in adipose tissue . 由於紅麴米可抑制前脂肪細胞之分化與增生,此可能會抑制新脂肪細胞之生成及脂肪組織之增生
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Content 演講內容 Healthfood regulation in Taiwan 臺灣健康食品管理概況 Importance of health food in investment 保健食品在民間投資比重 Production of red mold rice 紅麴之生產 Application of red mold rice 紅麴米之應用 New application of red mold rice-Preventive medicine 紅麴之新應用—預防醫學 As cholesterol lowing agent ( 血脂調節 ) As antifatigue agent ( 抗疲勞 ) As antiobesity agent ( 不易形成體脂肪 ) As anti-Alzheimer’s disease agent ( 抗阿茲海默症 ) The future of health food in Taiwan 台灣保健食品未來展望
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Red mold riceameliorates impairment of memory and learning ability in intracerebroventricular amyloid beta-infused rat via repressing amyloid beta accumulation NTU 568 菌株紅麴發酵產物抑制阿茲海默症之類澱粉樣蛋白沉積與改善記憶學習效果 Surgery for i.c.v. Aβ1-40 infusion 輸注類澱粉樣蛋白 Aβ1-40 之手術 Passive-avoidance task 被動迴避試驗 Reference memory task 參考記憶試驗 Probe test 空間性探測試驗 Working memory task 工作記憶試驗 Biochemistry assay 生理與生化指標變化
(1) The surgeryprocess of intracerebroventricular infusion of Aβ40 (1): put the rat into the stereotaxic frame (Narishige, Tokyo, Japan) 大鼠腦部進行定位置:將大鼠置於動物立體定位儀上
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(2) (3) Thesurgery process of intracerebroventricular infusion of Aβ40 (2): Cut the hull of the rat 於頭蓋骨位置劃開外皮並挖除頭蓋骨之硬殼膜
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Bregma Lambda (4)尋找頭蓋骨上之 bregma ( 前囪 , 顱骨冠狀縫與矢狀縫會合處 ) The surgery process of intracerebroventricular infusion of Aβ40 (3): Find the position of bregma 尋找頭蓋骨上之 bregma
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(5) The surgeryprocess of intracerebroventricular infusion of Aβ40 (4): Using stereotaxic frame to find the position of bregma 以定位儀定出 bregma 之座標
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(6) (7) Thesurgery process of intracerebroventricular infusion of Aβ40 (5): Penetrating in bregma 以 bregma 為原點,進行側腦室定位:縱軸 0.8 mm ,橫軸 1.4 mm ,深度 4.0 mm
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(8) The surgeryprocess of intracerebroventricular infusion of Aβ40 (6): bury brain infusion kit into 4-mm deepness in bregma 將 Brain Infusion Kit 插入深度 4.0 mm 之側腦室位置
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(9) (10) Thesurgery process of intracerebroventricular infusion of Aβ40 (7): Seam the scotch 將 infusion pump 黏合於頭蓋骨上,並將 Alzet osmotic mini-pump 塞至頸部之皮下
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Volume : 234 μ L Injection rate : 0.26 μ L/hr Injection period : 28 days Brain Infusion Kit II : 3-5 mm The osmotic mini-pump (2004, Durect Co., Cupertino, CA, USA) used to result in an animal model of AD with impaired memory was filled with Aβ 1-40 solution or the vehicle solution. 滲透壓式迷你馬達
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The surgery processof intracerebroventricular infusion of Aβ40 (8): Observe the cicatrization condition 手術完成後觀察傷口癒合情形
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Grouping of animalin this experiment 動物之分群 For the convenience of comparison, the conc. of monacolin K in low dosage of red mold rice group is the same as that in lovastatin group 為比較方便,低劑量紅麴組所含之 monacolin K 與 lovastatin 組相同,均為 1.43 mg/kg rat per day - 755 (7.15) + RH - 151 (1.43) + RL 1.43 - + LS - - + A β - - - V-N Lovastatin (mg/kg rat per day) RMR (monacolin K) (mg/kg rat per day) A β 40 infusion Groups
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Behavior experiments 行為試驗Passive-avoidance task (Yamaguchi et al., 2006) ( 被動迴避試驗 ) Water maze task (Yamaguchi et al., 2006) ( 水迷宮試驗 ) Reference memory task ( 參考記憶試驗 ) Probe test ( 空間性探測試驗 ) Working memory task ( 工作記憶試驗 )
Equipment for Morriswater-maze task 水迷宮試驗設備 23 o C 140 cm 45 cm 25 cm 2 cm 10 cm A black circular tank (diameter: 140 cm, height: 45 cm) was used as the apparatus of water maze in which a movable escape platform (diameter: 10 cm, height: 25 cm) was located inside the tank. 水迷宮試驗使用一圓形貯水池,其內放一可移動之休息平台
In each trainingtrial, the rat was put into one of four different starting positions (sp) in the water tank. The escape platform was located at the set position in the middle of quadrant IV during the period of reference memory task. 每次試驗將老鼠置於四個起始點之ㄧ,參考記憶試驗係將休息平台固定放置於第四象限 Escape platform sp 1 sp 2 sp 3 sp 4 sp 5 Quadrant I Quadrant II Quadrant III Quadrant IV
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The dietary administrationof RMR (RL and RH groups) significantly decreases escape latency from the 2nd trial to the 9th trial as compared with that of the Aβ group ( p< 0.05). 攝食紅麴組 ( 低劑量及高劑量組 ) 在第 2 至第 9 次試驗均顯著比輸注類澱粉樣蛋白組花較少時間即能找到休息平台。 21st day 22nd day 23rd day
Probe test 空間性探測試驗施行方法 I II III IV Rat 進入點 Starting Point 1 將休息平臺移出泳池,將大鼠由第一象限之進入點 1 進入泳池,游泳 90 sec ,記錄大鼠於原參考記憶試驗中休息平臺放置之象限 ( 第四象限 ) 中所停留之時間與全程游泳之路徑。
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Administration with RMRof one-fold dosage or five-fold dosage respectively results in significant increase on search time in the target quadrant by 38.2% ( p< 0.05) and 48.0% ( p< 0.01) as compared with Aβ group. 攝食紅麴一倍及五倍劑量組於目標象限之游泳時間顯著比輸注類澱粉樣蛋白大鼠多出 38.2% 及 48.0% 。
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Effect of RMRon performance in the swimming pathway 空間性記憶試驗中大鼠之游泳路徑 directly swam to the target quadrant and linger for a long time 較集中在目標象限
I II IIIIV P2 P3 P4 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 3 5 4 1 2 P2 P3 P4 1st day 2nd day 3rd day Session Entrance Exit The rat was put into the water tank at one of the 5 different starting positions in each trail. 休息平臺每日放置於不同象限 ( 第一、二或三象限 ) ,每天訓練 5 次,大鼠頭向外依序隨機分別進入 5 個進入點,每次 90 sec The first trial of each session per day was recorded as an informative practice trial. 每日的第 1 次訓練為認知訓練,故不列入計算。
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Effect of RMRon working memory task in the Aβ40-infused rats RMR 提高在工作記憶試驗之學習能力 Both RL and RH groups are able to perform learning ability as fast as vehicle group. RL and RH group significantly decrease escape latency time by 57.3% and 58.9% as compared to Aβ group ( p< 0.01). 攝食紅麴組游泳時間比輸注類澱粉樣蛋白組明顯降低 57.3% 及 58.9%
Biochemistry assay 生理與生化指標測試項目Enzymatic activity of AChE ( 乙醯膽鹼酶酵素活性 ) : 攝食一倍及五倍紅麴米可顯著降低因輸注類澱粉樣蛋白所引起乙醯膽鹼酶活性之增加,而 lovastatin 則無此效果。 Total antioxidant status ( 總抗氧化力 ) :低劑量紅麴組大腦皮層及海馬迴組織之總抗氧化力顯著增加了 24.6% 及 46.2% ,高劑量紅麴組之總抗氧化力比控制組高。 SOD activity ( 超氧歧化酶活性 ) :攝食紅麴組能增加大腦皮層及海馬迴組織 SOD 活性達 27.2% 及 52.7% 。 ROS levels in hippocampus and cortex ( 海馬迴組織與大腦皮質活性氧原子 ) : 餵食紅麴米的阿滋海默症大鼠之大腦皮質與海馬迴組織中 ROS 濃度均會降低。其中 RL 組可分別降低 16.0% 與 21.2% , RH 組則可分別降低 35.4% 與 21.3% 。 iNOS and Aβ40 in hippocampus ( 海馬迴組織中誘導型一氧化氮合成酶及類澱粉樣蛋白量 ) Aβ40 accumulation in hippocampus ( 海馬迴組織中有大量 Aβ 40 的沈積 )
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Effect of RMRon the formation of iNOS expression in the hippocampus of Aβ40-infused rats. Importantly, iNOS expression of hippocampus in RL and RH groups are lower than that in lovastatin group 對於抗發炎的效果 lovastatin 餵食組較 1 倍與 5 倍劑量之紅麴餵食組差。
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Effect of RMRon the Aβ40 accumulation in the hippocampus of Aβ40-infused rats. Immunohistochemical stain was carried out using the non-biotin hydrogen peroxidase kit. RL group and RH group including fewer Aβ40 accumulation in hippocampus than Aβ group. 紅麴米的 RL 組與 RH 組則有較為顯著降低 Aβ40 累積量的效果。紅麴米降低 Aβ40 於海馬迴組織之累積量的原因主要歸因於其對氧化壓力與發炎反應的抑制。輸注至腦部的 Aβ40 不受氧化發炎物質促進而沈積。使 Aβ40 無法對於腦部造成損傷,進而有效改善記憶學習的能力。
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Conclusion of Applicationof Red Mold Rice in Preventive medicine - As anti-Azeheimer’s Disease agent 紅麴在預防醫學上之應用 —抗阿茲海默症 The neuroprotective effect of red mold rice was further confirmed by Behavior task Biochemistry examination of brain in the animal experiment. 紅麴之神經保護效果以下列兩種方式確認 行為模式 動物試驗腦部之生化檢查 In the results of memory test, RMR administration would extend the retention time in light chamber in passive avoidance task RMR decrease the escape latency in reference and working memory tasks. 記憶試驗之結果顯示: 在被動迴避試驗中,攝食紅麴組於明室的停留時間會顯著延長 參考記憶之影響方面,餵食紅麴米的阿茲海默症大鼠 可顯著降低尋找平台的時間 These results evidenced that daily administration of RMR would ameliorate the Aβ-induced impairment of memory ability 試驗結果證實:每日攝食紅麴米可改善由於輸注類澱粉樣蛋白所引起之記憶損傷
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Conclusion of Applicationof Red Mold Rice in Preventive medicine - As anti-Azeheimer’s Disease agent 紅麴在預防醫學上之應用 —抗阿茲海默症 AChE activity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response in cortex and hippocampus would be repressed by RMR administration with the amelioration of impairment of memory ability. 大腦皮層及海馬迴組織中乙醯膽鹼酶、氧化壓力、發炎反應均會受到攝食紅麴米之抑制,因而改善記憶能力損傷 Comparing the neuroprotective effect of RMR with that of lovastatin, RMR would perform better effect than lovastatin treatment in both in vitro and in vivo models. 紅麴米在生體外及生體內神經保護效果均優於 lovastatin These results suggested that functional metabolite of RMR on AD remedy should not only include monacolin K but include monacolins, other antioxidants, and anti-inflammatory metabolites of RMR. 此結論顯示紅麴米對阿茲海默症之改善效果,除 monacolin K 外,紅麴米中其他類型之 monacolins 、抗氧化劑、抗發炎之代謝物均應有效
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Content 演講內容 Healthfood regulation in Taiwan 臺灣健康食品管理概況 Importance of health food in investment 保健食品在民間投資比重 Production of red mold rice 紅麴之生產 Application of red mold rice 紅麴米之應用 New application of red mold rice-Preventive medicine 紅麴之新應用—預防醫學 As cholesterol lowing agent ( 血脂調節 ) As antifatigue agent ( 抗疲勞 ) As antiobesity agent ( 不易形成體脂肪 ) As anti-Alzheimer’s disease agent ( 抗阿茲海默症 ) The future of health food in Taiwan 台灣保健食品未來展望
Thanks to: Dr.Tzong-Fu Kuo 郭宗甫 教授 Dr. Jyh-Jye Wang 王志傑 教授 Dr. Tsung-Yu Tsai 蔡宗佑 助理教授 Dr. Chun-Lin Lee 李俊霖 助理教授 Mr. Hsi-Kai Hung 洪璽凱 先生 Ms. Wen-Pei Chen 陳汶佩 小姐
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Thank you foryour attention Tzu-Ming Pan [email_address]