Slide of Patterns of Economic Development

1. Good Morning Everybody

2. Welcome to Our Presentation

3. Prepared By
Mohaiminul Islam (141509)

4. Presented To
Khan Mehedi Hasan
Assistant Professor
Economics Discipline
Khulna University
Khulna-9208

5. Rebellion Against British:
Causes and Consequences

6. Background
 Vasco da Gama, was the first European to reach India by sea, linking
Europe and Asia for the first time by ocean route, as well as linking the
Atlantic and the Indian oceans entirely (1497–1499).
 His discovery was significant and opened the way for an age of global
imperialism and for the Portuguese to establish a long-lasting colonial
empire in Asia.
 Then They were followed by the Dutch, French and the British.

7. Background
 In 1600s, the British East India Company (BEIC) established trading posts at
Bombay (Mumbai), Madras (Chennai), and Calcutta.
 At first, India’s ruling Mughal Empire kept European traders under control,
but already weakened by civil war and misrule, few Indians wished to
defend it.
 By 1707, however, the Mughal Empire was collapsing. Dozens of small
states, each headed by a ruler or maharajah, broke away from Mughal
control.

8. Starting of British Rule

10. Starting of British Rule
British claimed the ruling power in Indian sub-continent after their historic win
at Plassey’s battle against Nawab Siraj-ud-daulah with the help of Mir Jafar Ali
Khan, Jagat Seth and Rai Durlav who on the other hand betrayed Siraj-ud-
daulah in the evening of 23 June, 1757. In this way British became rulers of
Bengal, richest province of India.

11. Company Rule
 1757-1857 period is known as
Company Rule.
 Company first took power indirectly by
approving their puppet ruler and then
took full control in India from 1764 and
continued its rule until 1857.

12. British Raj
 The history of the British Raj refers to the period of British rule on the
Indian sub-continent between 1858 and 1947. The system of governance
was instituted in 1858 when the rule of the East India Company was
transferred to the Crown in the person of Queen Victoria (who in 1876 was
proclaimed Empress of India).
 It lasted until 1947, when the British provinces of India were partitioned
into two sovereign dominion states: the Dominion of India and the
Dominion of Pakistan, leaving the princely states to choose between them.

13. Famous Rebellions against the British

15. Popular Resistances to Colonial Rule
 Battle of Buxar (1764): First campaign against British by Mir Qasim Ali. He
didn’t accept British as the ruler of the country.
 The Faqir and Sanyasi Rebellions (1770–1820): The Bengal famine of 1770
led peasants whose lands were confiscated, displaced zamindars,
disbanded soldiers and poor to come together in a rebellion. They were
joined by the Sanyasis and Fakirs.
 The Indigo Rebellion (1859-1862): The discontent of the farmers growing
indigo was mainly for three reasons: i) They were paid very low prices for
growing indigo; ii)Indigo was not lucrative as it was planted at the same
time as food crops; iii)And loss of fertility of the soil because of planting
indigo.

16. Popular Resistances to Colonial Rule
 Farazi Movement (1838-1848): This was the first ever no-tax campaign
against the British led by Shariatullah Khan and Dadu Mian. Their band of
volunteers fought heroically with the armed group of Indigo planters and
zamindars. It brought together all the cultivators of Bengal against the
tyranny and illegal extractions by the landlords.
 Sepoy Mutiny (1857): The Sepoy Mutiny was a violent and very bloody
uprising against British in India in 1857. Events of 1857 have been
considered the first outbreak of an independence movement against
British rule.
 The Quit India Movement (1942): The Quit India Movement was a Civil
Disobedience movement launched by Gandhi for Satyagraha
(independence) which was accompanied by a mass protest on non-violent
lines.

17. Some Other Popular Resistances to
Colonial Rule
 Anglo-mysore Wars (1799 )
 Battle of Titumir (19 November 1831)
 Wahabi Movement (1830-1860)
 The Santhal Rebellion (1855-57
 Garo Rebellion (1860-1870)
 Munda Rebellion (1899-1900)
 Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922)
 The Civil Disobedience Movement(1930-1931)
 Anglo-Maratha Battle

18. Why Those Movements are Called
Popular Resistance

19. Because of……..
 Participation of large number of people
 Sometimes protestants gained temporary victory
 Message of protestants to the oppressors

20. Causes of those Rebellions
 Political Causes: The nature of colonial expansion became a major source of
discontent among the Indian rulers. British wanted to acquire and collect as
much wealth for England as they could. Their policy of annexation led to a
number of independent kingdoms being annexed to the British Empire. This
interference by the East India Company was disliked by many Indians.
 Economic Causes: The British came to trade with India but soon decided to
exploit and impoverish the country. They tried to take away as much raw material
from here as they could. Britishers kept high posts and salaries for themselves.
They used political control to increase their trade. All means were used to drain
India of her wealth. Since they worked against the interests of Indian trade and
industry, Indian handicrafts completely collapsed.

21. Causes of those Rebellions
 Social and Religious Causes: With an objective to convert people the
Christian missionaries opened schools and colleges. They also needed a
population which was educated and modern enough to buy their goods,
but not enough to prove detrimental to British interests. Religious
sentiments of the sepoys were hurt. Hindus were asked to remove their
caste marks and the Muslims were asked to trim their beards.
 Discontent in the Army: Indian soldiers were not given posts above that of
subedars. Sometimes they were paid, but most of the time they were not.
When soldiers refused to cross the oceans and seas because their religion
forbade it, the British were ruthless on them.

22. Consequences…..
 Development in infrastructure
 Educational Development
 Social reform
 Modern Military
 Development of Railway road
 Textile Industry and Trade
 Land Revenue Policy and Land Settlements
 Commercialization of Agriculture
 Rise of the New Money-lending Class
 Transport and Communication
 British Administration and Judicial System

23. Consequences…..
And finally India became independent in
1947…

24. Thank You All
For Your Patience

25. Query