IETF 93 Review Webinar

©!Men!&!Mice!!http://menandmice.com!
IETF!93!Review
 
30st!July!2015
1

before!we!start
…!please!note:!BIND!9!security!issue!
!
CVE-2015-5477:!An!error!in!handling!TKEY!
queries!can!cause!named!to!exit!with!a!REQUIRE!
assertion!failure!
all!BIND!9!DNS!Server!should!be!updated!to!the!
latest!9.10.2-P3!or!9.9.7-P2!versions!
2

Agenda
IETF!93!in!Prague!!
DNS,!DNSSEC,!DANE,!DHCP,!IPv6!
the!following!information!is!an!excerpt!of!the!IETF!
working!group!activities!
for!a!full!overview!of!all!activities!at!IETF!93,!see! 
https://datatracker.ietf.org/meeting/93/materials.html
3

DNS
4

new!DNS!related!RFCs! 
published!since!last!IETF
5
RFC Title Category
7505
A "Null MX" No Service Resource Record for Domains That
Accept No Mail
Standards Track
7534 AS112 Nameserver Operations Informational
7535 AS112 Redirection Using DNAME Informational
7553
The Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) DNS Resource
Record
Informational
7558
Requirements for Scalable DNS-Based Service Discovery
(DNS-SD) / Multicast DNS (mDNS) Extensions
Informational

RFC!7505!-! 
A!"Null!MX"!No!Service!Resource!Record!for!Domains!
That!Accept!No!Mail
sending!mail!server!will!lookup!MX-Records!for!the!
recipients!domain,!without!MX!it!will!fallback!to!A/
AAAA-Address!records!
the!"null!MX"!record!indicates!that!a!host/domain!
cannot!receive!SMTP!mail!
Example:!
www.menandmice.com. 3600 IN MX 0 .
6

RFC!7553 
The!Uniform!Resource!Identifier!(URI)!DNS!Resource!
Record
maps!a!service!name!and!a!domain!to!an!Uniform!
Resource!Identifier!(URI)!
similar!to!SRV,!but!returns!a!full!URI!instead!
hostname!+!port!
Example:!
_http._tcp.menandmice.com. 3600 IN URI 10 50 "http://www.menandmice.com" 
_http._tcp.menandmice.com. 3600 IN URI 10 50 "http://www.menandmice.com" 
_http._tcp.menandmice.com. 3600 IN URI 20 00 "http://www.menandmice.com"
7
priority
weight
URI

DNS!Transport!over!TCP!-!Implementation!Requirements 
draft-ietf-dnsop-5966bis
update!of!RFC!5966!
make!TCP!a!requirement!for!the!DNS!protocol!
Benefits!of!DNS!over!TCP:!
•!prevents!amplification!attacks!
•!privacy/encryption!(TLS)!
•!no!fragmentation!issues!
Clients!should!pipeline!their!queries!over!TCP!
with!keep-alive,!persistent!connections!and!pipelining,!
DNS!over!TCP!can!be!as!fast!as!traditional!DNS!over!UDP
8

The!edns-tcp-keepalive!EDNS0!Option!
draft-ietf-dnsop-edns-tcp-keepalive
it!is!expected!to!see!more!DNS-TCP!traffic!in!the!
future!
enables!DNS!clients,!DNS!resolver!and!authoritative!
DNS-Server!to!negotiate!a!keep!alive!for!TCP!
sessions!
clients!can!send!multiple!queries!over!an!
established!TCP!session!
9

KSK!rollover!in!the!root-zone
the!Internet!DNS!root!zone!has!been!signed!5!years!
ago!(July!2010)!
the!root!KSK!should!be!rolled!
•HSMs!are!getting!old!and!out!of!support!
several!issues!have!been!identified:!
•the!publication!format!of!the!KSK!trust!anchor!is!not!standardised!
•(secure)!bootstrapping!of!DNSSEC!DNS-resolvers!
•devices!might!"miss"!the!KSK!roll!(via!RFC!5011)!while!being!"on!the!
shelf",!no!standard!way!to!re-bootstrap
10

Yeti-DNS!project
experimental,!IPv6!only!DNS-root-server 
system!
Large-scale!testbed!
Yeti!Participants:!
•!Operators!of!Yeti!components,!or!experimenters!
•!DNS!experts,!with!varied!backgrounds!and!interests
11

Yeti-DNS!project
Planned!Experiments!&!Other!Investigations!
•Impacts!of!IPv6-only!DNS!
•Bigger!minimum!packet!size,!no!IP-fragmentation!
•KSK!rollover,!KSK/ZSK!rollover!frequency,!algorithm,!signature!size!
•Changes!in!DNSSEC!
•Changes!to!root!servers 
Lots/few!of!root!servers,!churn!in!root!server!set!
the!project!is!looking!for!volunteers! 
running!DNS!resolvers!against! 
the!Yeti-DNS!root!(informed!users! 
in!non-critical!environments)
12
http://yeti-dns.org/

RFC!6761!"special!use!domain-names"
request!for!Special!Use!Domain!Names!of!P2P!
Systems:!
•!!.bit!=!Namecoin!
•!!.exit!=!Tor!Project!
•!!.gnu!and!.zkey!=!GNUnet!
•!!.i2p!=!I2P!System!
•!!.tor!=!consensus!among!Tor!routes
13

RFC6761bis!Problem!Space 
Input!to!the!Design!Team
future!of!the!special!names!registry!
namespace!!=!DNS!
one-off!protocol!switch!or!general!solution!
(.alt,!.ext,!.external)?!
separate!protocol!design!from!policy?!
heated!debate!during!IETF!93,!no!conclusions,!
discussion!will!continue!on!the!mailing!list(s)
14

DANE
15

A!DANE!Record!and!DNSSEC!Authentication!Chain!
Extension!for!TLS 
!draft-shore-tls-dnssec-chain-extension
new!TLS!extension!for!transport!of!a!DNS!record!set!
serialised!with!the!DNSSEC!signatures!needed!to!
authenticate!that!record!set!
•without!performing!perform!additional!DNS!record!lookups!
(latency)!
•avoid!potential!problems!with!TLS!clients!being!unable!to!
look!up!DANE!records!
•allows!a!TLS!client!to!validate!DANE!records!itself!without!a!
validating!DNS!resolver
16

A!DANE!Record!and!DNSSEC!Authentication!Chain!
Extension!for!TLS 
!draft-shore-tls-dnssec-chain-extension
the!TLS!client!requests!the!DNSSEC!validation!chain!
be!returned!
the!server!performs!the!appropriate!DNS!queries,!
builds!the!validation!chain,!and!returns!it!to!the!
client!(as!part!of!the!TLS!handshake)!
The!client!then!authenticates!the!chain!using!a!pre-
configured!trust!anchor!
17

Client!Certificates!in!DANE!TLSA!Records 
draft-huque-dane-client-cert
extension!to!the!existing!TLSA!record!
_smtp-client.device1.example.com. IN TLSA ( 
3 1 1 d2abde240d7cd3ee6b4b28c54df034b9 
7983a1d16e8a410e4561cb106618e971 )
•Client!has!an!identity!assigned!corresponding!to!a!DNS!domain!
name.!!
•Client!has!a!private/public!key!pair!and!a!certificate!binding!the!
domain!name!to!the!public!key.!!
•Domain!Name!+!Certificate!has!a!corresponding!signed!DNS!
TLSA!record!
•a!new!TLS!extension!is!proposed!to!convey!the!DNS!client!identity
18

SMIMEA!and!OPENPGPKEY
Discussion!of!how!to!store!the!key!holders!email!
address!
! hash!vs.!base32!
no!consensus!reached!during!the!meeting,!discussion!on!
the!mailing!list!until!1st!of!August!
seperator!label!"_at"!proposed!instead!of!"_smimecert"!
and!"_openpgpkey"!
Working!Group!Last!Call!(WGLC)!planned!before!IETF!94!
(November)!
19

DPRIVE
20

DNS!over!DTLS! 
draft-ietf-dprive-dnsodtls
•Advantages!
•avoid!head-of-line!blocking!
•fast!session!resumption!
•supports!Anycast!
•Problems!
•DPI!Firewalls!->!use!different!port!for!DNS/DTLS!
•DNS!Server!authentication!->!x509!cert!
•private!server!do!not!have!CA!certs!->!self-signed!cert!fingerprint!
•configured!in!/etc/resolv.conf!(or!similar)!
•!discovery!of!DNSoD!->!downgrade!attack!possible
21

TCP-TLS!for!DNS
•!discussion!about!no!STARTTLS!
•consensus:!use!new!port!for!DNS!over!TLS!
•DNS!over!TLS!should!follow!TLS!BCP!(best!current!practice)!
document!
•available!implementations:!!
•Unbound!
•ldns/drill!
•digit!
•getdns-api
22

IPSec!AUTH_NULL!opportunistic!DNS
•client!to!resolver!path!encryption!
•why!not!encrypt!all!traffic!instead!of!only!DNS?!
•IPSec!encryption!without!authentication!
•coffee-shop!scenario!
•optionally!limited!to!DNS!traffic!only!
•proposed!alternative!to!"in-DNS-protocol"!solution!
•already!available!and!working!with!current!implementations
23

DHCP
24

published!new!RFCs!since!last!IETF
25
RFC Title Category
RFC 7550 Issues and Recommendations with Multiple Stateful DHCPv6 Options Standards Track

Update!!of!Secure!DHCPv6!
&!Secure!!DHCPv4
draft-ietf-dhc-sedhcpv6!
draft-jiang-dhc-sedhcpv4!
DHCPv6!client/server!authentication!mechanism!
based!on!sender's!public/private!key!pairs!
!!!or!certificates!with!associated!private!keys!
IETF!hackathon!did!an!(successful)!interoperability!
test!of!two!implementations!(ISC!KEA!and!WIDE!
DHCPv6,!support!for!ISC!DHCP!is!"work!in!progress")
26

DHCP!Anonymity!Profile
draft-ietf-dhc-anonymity-profile!
DHCPv4!and!DHCPv6!clients!disclose!many!identifiers!that!can!be!used!to!track!
clients.!This!work!seeks!to!eliminate!that!information!leak!by!defining!an!
anonymity!profile,!a!set!of!DHCP!behaviours!
•Randomising!MAC!address!+!client-id/DUID!
•Not!disclosing!client!hostname!
•Changing!identity!
•Limiting!information!disclosure!when!changing!networks!
Prototype!implementation:!Windows!10!(Microsoft)!
! implementation!choice:!does!not!send!hostname!option!
Microsoft!did!a!field!trial!using!the!prototype!implementation,!only!minor!issues!
found
27

DHCP!v4/v6!Relay!Initiated!Release
draft-gandhewar-dhc-relay-initiated-release-00!
draft-gandhewar-dhc-v6-relay-initiated-release-00!
Issue:!clients!sometimes!do!not!release!a!lease!when!leaving!the!network!
(in!some!networks)!the!DHCP!lease!is!used!to!keep!state!beyond!the!IP-
address:!
•various!routes!e.g.!access,!framed!routes!
•various!services!e.g.!data,!voice,!video!
•policy!
•QoS!setup!
DHCP!relay!might!be!able!to!detect!client!leaving,!releasing!the!lease!on!
behalf!of!the!client
28

IPv6/IPv4-sunset
29

published!new!RFCs!since!last!IETF
30
RFC Title Category
RFC 7445 Analysis of Failure Cases in IPv6 Roaming Scenarios Informational
RFC 7506
IPv6 Router Alert Option for MPLS Operations, Administration, and
Maintenance (OAM)
Standards Track
RFC 7526 Deprecating the Anycast Prefix for 6to4 Relay Routers
Best Current
Practice
RFC 7527 Enhanced Duplicate Address Detection Standards Track
RFC 7559 Packet-Loss Resiliency for Router Solicitations Standards Track
RFC 7600 IPv4 Residual Deployment via IPv6 - A Stateless Solution (4rd) Experimental
RFC 7608 IPv6 Prefix Length Recommendation for Forwarding
Best Current
Practice

IPv6!to!"internet!standard"
RFC!2460 
(and!many!other 
RFCs!are!still!a! 
"draft!standard"!
•RFC!6410!"Requirements!for!Internet!Standards"!
•!forward!"draft"!to!"proposed!standard"!
•!WG!discussion!of!"re-write!update!RFC!vs.!pushing!
RFC!unchanged"
31

Randomised!MAC!Addresses!and! 
IPv6!Address!Assignment
enhance!privacy!of!users!
•users!can!hide!from!the!network!
•prevent!location!tracing!
•implemented!using!standard!IEEE!802!rules!(Preferred!!Format:!
U/L=1,!G=0,!46!random!bits)!
•!conflict!with!RFC!7217!(A!Method!for!Generating!Semantically!
Opaque!Interface!Identifiers!with!IPv6!Stateless!Address!Auto-
configuration!(SLAAC))!
•!conflict!with!SAVI!"Source!Address!Validation!Improvement!
(SAVI)!Solution!for!DHCP"
32

IPv6!news!from!Apple
all!iOS!apps!MUST!support!native!IPv6!(starting!
with!iOS!9)!
Happy!Eyeballs!in!iOS!9!and!MacOS!X!10.11!will!
prefer!IPv6!99%!of!the!time!
NAT64!internet!sharing!uses!2001::/64!(Teredo!
prefix)
33

IPv6!news!from!Apple
NAT64/DNS64!"IPv6-only"!network!via!MacOS!X!
Internet!Sharing!in!MacOS!X!10.11!"El!Capitan" 
 
NAT64/DNS64! 
can!break!local! 
DNSSEC! 
validation!!
34

Some!Design!Choices!for!IPv6!
Networks
draft-ietf-v6ops-design-choices!
includes!now!Enterprise!environments!and!their!use!
cases!(in!addition!to!service!providers)!
new!IGP!choice!section!
!now!covers!EIGRP!and!RIPng!
new!section!on!address!choices
35

draft-yc-v6ops-solicited-ra-unicast
multicast!router!advertisements!in!large!wireless!networks!
•every!device!joining!the!network!sends!a!router!solicitation!
•router!sends!multicast!RA,!all!devices!in!the!network!awake!
•drains!device!battery!
Recommendations!
•Router!manufacturers!SHOULD!allow!network!administrators!to!
configure!the!routers!to!respond!to!Router!Solicitations!with!unicast!
Router!Advertisements.!
•Networks!that!serve!large!numbers!(tens!or!hundreds)!of!mobile!
devices!SHOULD!enable!this!behaviour.
36

Host!address!availability!recommendations 
draft-colitti-v6ops-host-addr-availability
Addressing!practices!that!make!sense!in!IPv4!may!not!be!
appropriate!in!IPv6!
•/64!per!link!allows!“unlimited”!host!addressing!
•No!longer!forced!to!assign!one!address!per!host!due!to!address!scarcity!
•Many!benefits!provided!by!assigning!multiple!addresses!to!each!host!
Recommendations!
•Provide!multiple!IPv6!addresses!from!each!prefix!to!general-purpose!hosts!
when!they!attach!to!the!network!
•Don’t!impose!a!hard!limit!on!the!size!of!the!address!pool!assigned!to!a!host!
•If!the!network!requires!explicit!requests,!assign!a!/64!via!DHCPv6!PD
37

RFC!7511 
Scenic!Routing!for!IPv6
•incorporates!the!green-ness!of! 
a!network!path!into!the!routing! 
decision!
•routing!algorithms!SHOULD!! 
calculate!the!optimal!paths!providing! 
the!most!fresh-air!time!for!a!packet!
•should!therefore!choose!paths!based!on! 
Avian!IP!Carriers![RFC1149]!and/or!wireless!technologies!
room!for!"live"!implementation:!CCC!Camp! 
13-17!Aug!2015!https://events.ccc.de/camp/2015/wiki/Main
38
Zelte!und!ein!„Datenklo“!auf!dem!Chaos!Communication!Camp,!Finowfurt!2007!
"RobotSkirts"/Eliot!Phillips,!CC-by-sa-2.0

don't!miss!our!next!webinar
•"PowerDNS",!Monday,!31st!August!2015!
•overview:!the!PowerDNS!open!source!DNS!server!
•manage!a!DNS!zone!via!SQL!backend!
•manage!a!DNS!zone!via!BIND!backend!
•remote!zone!Backend!
•DNSSEC!signing!with!PowerDNS!
•the!Men!&!Mice!Suite!controller!for!PowerDNS!
•Signup!@! 
https://www.menandmice.com/resources/educational-resources/webinars/
39

upcoming!Men!&!Mice!trainings
•Upcoming!Trainings:!
•September!8!–!11,!2015,!Special!4!days:!IPv6!Introduction!+!Advanced!Topics!Hands-On!
Workshop,!San!Francisco!area!(CA),!USA!!
•September!28!–!29,!2015,!Introduction!to!DNS!&!BIND!Hands!on,!Arlington!(VA),!USA!
•September!30!–!October!2,!2015,!DNSSEC!Technical!Workshop!–!Implementation!and!
Deployment,!Arlington!(VA),!USA! !
•September!28!–!October!2,!2015,!Introduction!&!Advanced!DNS!and!BIND!Hands!on,!
Arlington!(VA),!USA!
•November!16!–!17,!2015,!Introduction!to!DNS!&!BIND!Hands!on,!Redwood!City!(CA),!USA!
•November!16!–!20,!2015,!Introduction!&!Advanced!DNS!and!BIND!Hands!on,!Redwood!City!
(CA),!USA 
 
more!training!classes!on! 
!!!!https://www.menandmice.com/support-training/training/
40

Q/A
41
?
2015!Schedule,!Slides,!Links,!Recording!and!errata!
can!be!found!@ 
https://www.menandmice.com/resources/educational-resources/webinars/

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