introduction-of-gnss part-2

1. GNSS Surveying (GE 205)
Kutubuddin ANSARI
kutubuddin.ansari@ikc.edu.tr
Lecture 2, March 1, 2015
Introduction to GNSS

2. GLONASS
GLObal
NAvigation
Satellite
System, Russia

3. 3
Introduction to GLONASS
Russian satellite navigation system
positioning by measuring distances to satellites with known
positions
• First launch in 1982
• Complete constellation in 1996
• Modernized Glonass-M and new Glonass-K
• Next launch: 25 December 2005 (3 Satellites)
• 18 operational satellites in 2007
• Present constellation (24) satellites

4. GLONASS Integration
Advantages
• Improved precision
• Improved reliability and integrity
• More flexibility in positioning

5. GLONASS Space Segment
GLONASS GPS
24 satellites 24
3 orbit planes 6
64,8° inclination 55°
11h16m orbit period 11h58m
1998

6. GLONASS Control Segment
Main task
predict satellite orbits and clock behavior
Components
System Control Center
planning and coordination of activities
Phase Control System
monitor satellite clocks by comparing satellite signals
with system time
Telemetry, Tracking and Command Stations
computation of satellite orbits by radar distance measurement,
communication, control segment for the satellites,
monitoring of satellite signals

7. GLONASS Control Segment
Telemetry, Tracking and Command stations
Because of the geographic location of TT&C stations it
is system integrity is difficult to maintain
Komsomolsk
Jeniseysk
RUSLAND
Golitsino
St. Petersburg

8. GLONASS User Segment
Development of user segment
• GLONASS in 1993 released for international civil use
• “all-in-view” single frequency receivers available since 1996
• “all-in-view” dual frequency receivers available since 1998
Receiver manufacturers
Ashtech, JPS/TPS, 3S Navigation (single & dual freq.)
Novatel, MAN Technologie, Zeiss, Dasa (single freq.)

9. European Geostationary
Navigation Overlay Service
(EGNOS) and Galileo

10. The Structure of EGNOS and Galileo
• European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service
• Search for a system started in 1995
• Developed the framework for EGNOS
• EGNOS went into operation in 2004
• EGNOS technology will be integrated into Galileo
in 2006-2008.
• Precursor to Galileo
• Enhances GPS/GLONASS

11. Why was it developed?
• As opposed to GPS, which was developed primarily
for military uses, Galileo was developed exclusively
for civilian use.
• There are zero militarily uses for Galileo as of right
now, and no plans for military use in the future.

12. Space Segment
• Contains a total of 30 satellites; 27 are operational
• 3 spare satellites
• Satellites are in 3 different planes, equally spaced
around the plane.
• Altitude = 23, 600 km
• Satellites are in Medium Earth Orbit (MEO)
• 3 Geostationary Earth Orbiting (GEO) satellites.

13. Space Segment
• Each satellite has a period of 14 hours and 22
minutes
• Each satellite can last for 20 years, although they
may be replaced every 12 years
• At any point on earth, at least 6 satellites will be in
view.

14. Control Segment
• 4 Mission Control Centers which contain a
Central Processing Facility (CPF)
• 34 Ranging and Integrity Monitoring Stations
(RIMS)
• 6 Navigation Land Earth Stations

15. Control Segment
• Mission control - maintains the
management of satellite clocks
• Satellite control - monitors if the satellite
orbits are on path

16. User Segment
• Consists of one of two receivers; one that uses
GPS or one that uses GLONASS.
• EGNOS is also programmed into that receiver.
• EGNOS helps sharpen the receiver’s position
from 20 meters of error to as little as 5 meters of
error.

17. COMPASS
BeiDou Navigation Satellite
System (BDS), China

18. COMPASS

19. Constellation
GEO (Geostationary Earth orbit) Satellite
MEO ( Medium Earth Orbit) Satellite
Space Segment
5 GEO satellites and 30 Non-GEO satellites
19

20. The ground segment consists of
o Master Control Station,
o Upload Stations and
o Monitor Stations.
Control Segment
20

21. The user segment consists of BeiDou user
terminals and interoperable terminals with
other GNSS.
User terminals of BeiDou system
User Segment
21

22. Deployment Step
22
o 3 GEO satellites has been launched since 2000 to 2003
o The demonstration system is able to provide basic services
including positioning, timing and short-message
communication in regional area.
o Currently, all the 3 satellites work normally in orbit.
Oct 31,2000 Dec 21,2000 May 25 ,2003

23. The first MEO satellite named COMPASS-M1 was
launched in Apr. 2007 which secured the time related
filing. Many technical experimentations have been
implemented using COMPASS-M1.
COMPASS-M1 Launch

24. COMPASS-G2 Launch
The first GEO satellite named
COMPASS-G2 was launched
from the Xichang Satellite
Launch Center on Apr.15
2009. The GEO navigation
satellite related technologies
have been verified using the
satellite.
24

25. GEO Satellite Launch Latterly
The 3rd satellite of BeiDou
was launched from the
Xichang Satellite Launch
Center on Jan.17 2010. The
satellite is also the 2nd
GEO satellite.
25

26. BeiDou started to
cover Asia-Pacific area
from around 2012, and
will cover all over the
world before 2020.
Deployment Step
26

27. Applications
27
BeiDou Navigation Demonstration System has played important roles
in various areas.
- Surveyi and mapping
- Communication
- Water conservancy
- Disaster mitigation
- Marine
- Transportation
- Mining
- Forest fire rescue
- etc.

28. Indian Regional Navigation
Satellite System (IRNSS),
India

29. •IRNSS Refers to Indian Regional Navigation Satellite
System implemented by the Indian Space Research
Organization (ISRO)
•IRNSS is an independent Navigation Satellite System
providing Navigation services in the Indian Region.
•IRNSS system provides the user with a targeted
position accuracy of better than 20m over India and the
region extending to about 1500 km around India.
IRNSS Objective

33. •Consists of 7 Satellites, 3 in Geo-Stationary orbit at
32.5°,83° and 131.5° East.
•4 Satellites in GEO Synchronous orbit at inclination of 29°
with Longitude crossing at 55° and 111.75° East.
• The full constellation started to operate from 2015
Space Segment

34. Space Segment

35. Control Segment

36. The user segment consists of IRNSS receivers
operating in
Single Frequency Receiver
Dual Frequency Receiver
User Segment

37. Quasi-Zenith Satellite
System (QZSS) , Japan

38. QZSS
•The Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) developed by Japan
Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) is a regional navigation satellite
system.
•Which is used as a constellation of satellites placed in Highly-inclined
Elliptical Orbits (HEO).
•A highly elliptical orbit (HEO) is an elliptic orbit with a low-altitude
(often under 1,000 kilometers) perigee and a high-altitude (often over
35,786 kilometers apogee).
•This is to ensure that one of the satellites is always visible near zenith
over Japan, including in urban and mountainous areas whereby it is
difficult to receive GNSS signals.
38

39. Overview of QZSS
Objective
• GNSS complementary
• Improve availability
• Improve accuracy
First QZSS Satellite
• First Launched in September 2010
Future QZSS Satellites:
• 2 HEO and 1 GEO End of March
2018
39

40. Space Segment
Satellites will become 4
3 (Highly Elliptical Orbit (HEO)
1 Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO )

41. Coverage Area (East Asia and Oceania)
RMIT University PPP Workshop 2013, Ottawa 41

42. Ground Segment
• Monitor test station (9 overseas and domestic stations)
• Master Control Station (in Tsukuba)
• Time control test station (in Koganei and Okinawa)
• QZS tracking and control station

46. Projects
1. Monthly Ionospheric Error and its comparison during quiet and storm days
for diurnal variation
2. Ionospheric Error and its comparison with International Reference Ionosphere
(IRI) model buy using cross correlation coefficient.
3. Tropospheric Error and its relation with temperature
4. Triangular affine transformation from ITRF to local datum and barycentric
coordinate
5. Dislocation Modelling of the high-precision Global Positioning System
displacements