1. The French and Indian WarThe French and Indian War

2. The French and Indian WarThe French and Indian War
 The war in North America from 1754 to 1763The war in North America from 1754 to 1763
was a part of a larger struggle between Francewas a part of a larger struggle between France
and England, known as the Seven Years’ Warand England, known as the Seven Years’ War
 Most Native American Indians fought on the sideMost Native American Indians fought on the side
of the French (a few did fight for the English)of the French (a few did fight for the English)
 The war began when the English becameThe war began when the English became
alarmed at the forts being built by the French inalarmed at the forts being built by the French in
the Ohio River Valleythe Ohio River Valley

3. Start of the ConflictStart of the Conflict
 George Washington’sGeorge Washington’s
mission to get themission to get the
French out of theFrench out of the
Ohio Valley ended inOhio Valley ended in
a defeat at Forta defeat at Fort
Necessity.Necessity.

5. The French and Indian WarThe French and Indian War
Braddock Marches to DuquesneBraddock Marches to Duquesne
 June 1755: Braddock sets out fromJune 1755: Braddock sets out from
Virginia with 1,400 red-coated BritishVirginia with 1,400 red-coated British
troops and a smaller number of blue-troops and a smaller number of blue-
coated colonial militias including Georgecoated colonial militias including George
Washington.Washington.
 Braddock’s army took several weeks toBraddock’s army took several weeks to
trek through dense forest.trek through dense forest.
 They marched in columns and took timeThey marched in columns and took time
out everyday to sit and have tea.out everyday to sit and have tea.

6. The French and Indian WarThe French and Indian War
Braddock Marches to DuquesneBraddock Marches to Duquesne
 July 9, 1755: Native American WarriorsJuly 9, 1755: Native American Warriors
and French troops ambushed Braddockand French troops ambushed Braddock
and his men.and his men.
 The French and Native Americans hidThe French and Native Americans hid
behind trees and fired at the brightbehind trees and fired at the bright
uniforms of the British.uniforms of the British.
 The British lost nearly 1,000 soldiersThe British lost nearly 1,000 soldiers
including their Commander in Chiefincluding their Commander in Chief
General Edward BraddockGeneral Edward Braddock

7. British lose to French and Indians during march toBritish lose to French and Indians during march to
DuquesneDuquesne

8. The French and Indian WarThe French and Indian War
 1756: The fighting in America started a war in1756: The fighting in America started a war in
Europe between the French and English knownEurope between the French and English known
as theas the Seven Years War.Seven Years War.
 The first years of the war went terribly for theThe first years of the war went terribly for the
British and their American colonies.British and their American colonies.
 The French captured several British forts.The French captured several British forts.
 France’s Native American allies killed EnglishFrance’s Native American allies killed English
settlers, burned farmhouses and crops, andsettlers, burned farmhouses and crops, and
chased many families back to the coast.chased many families back to the coast.

10. French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War
Pitt Takes ChargePitt Takes Charge
 After William Pitt came to power as PrimeAfter William Pitt came to power as Prime
Minister for Great Britain, the tide of the warMinister for Great Britain, the tide of the war
began to turn in favor of the British.began to turn in favor of the British.
 To avoid complaints from the colonists, PittTo avoid complaints from the colonists, Pitt
decided Britain would pay for the war.decided Britain would pay for the war.
 However, he ran up a huge debt.However, he ran up a huge debt.

11. French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War
The British Under PittThe British Under Pitt
 Pitt intended to conquer French Canada!Pitt intended to conquer French Canada!
 In 1758, British officers also recapturedIn 1758, British officers also recaptured
Fort Duquesne (renaming it Fort Pitt)Fort Duquesne (renaming it Fort Pitt)

12. The French and Indian WarThe French and Indian War
The Battle of QuebecThe Battle of Quebec
 Quebec was on a cliff overlooking the St. LawrenceQuebec was on a cliff overlooking the St. Lawrence
River, the capital was thought of as impossible to attack.River, the capital was thought of as impossible to attack.
 General Wolfe’s soldiers used a lightly guarded path andGeneral Wolfe’s soldiers used a lightly guarded path and
overwhelmed the French guards then scrambled intooverwhelmed the French guards then scrambled into
position for the attack.position for the attack.
 They surprised and defeated the French Army!They surprised and defeated the French Army!
 James Wolfe died in the battle.James Wolfe died in the battle.

13. The French and Indian WarThe French and Indian War
The Treaty of ParisThe Treaty of Paris
 In 1760 Amherst captured Montreal which ended the warIn 1760 Amherst captured Montreal which ended the war
 1763:1763: The Treaty of ParisThe Treaty of Paris gave Britain Canada andgave Britain Canada and
most of France’s Caribean islands.most of France’s Caribean islands.
 Britain also received Florida from France’s ally, Spain.Britain also received Florida from France’s ally, Spain.
 1763:1763: The Treaty of ParisThe Treaty of Paris Spain received FrenchSpain received French
land West of the Mississippi River (the Louisianaland West of the Mississippi River (the Louisiana
Territory) as well as the port of New OrleansTerritory) as well as the port of New Orleans

15. The French and Indian WarThe French and Indian War
The Treaty of ParisThe Treaty of Paris
 1763:1763: The Treaty of ParisThe Treaty of Paris marked themarked the
end of France as a power in Northend of France as a power in North
AmericaAmerica
 The continent was now divided betweenThe continent was now divided between
Great Britain and Spain with theGreat Britain and Spain with the
Mississippi River marking the boundaryMississippi River marking the boundary
 Native Americans wereNative Americans were notnot given agiven a
section of land in the European agreementsection of land in the European agreement

16. Trouble with the NativesTrouble with the Natives
 The British victory over the French was aThe British victory over the French was a
devastating blow to the Native Americans of thedevastating blow to the Native Americans of the
Ohio River valleyOhio River valley
 The British raised prices of traded goods andThe British raised prices of traded goods and
refused to pay Native Americans for the use ofrefused to pay Native Americans for the use of
their land.their land.
 Worst of all, British settlers began moving intoWorst of all, British settlers began moving into
the valleys of western Pennsylvaniathe valleys of western Pennsylvania

17. Chief PontiacChief Pontiac
 Native Americans underNative Americans under
Chief Pontiac waged warChief Pontiac waged war
on the English settlers.on the English settlers.
 He recognized that theHe recognized that the
British settlers threatenedBritish settlers threatened
the Native American waythe Native American way
of lifeof life
 Chief Pontiac formed anChief Pontiac formed an
alliance of the Shawneealliance of the Shawnee
and Delaware tribes toand Delaware tribes to
fight the Britishfight the British
 These raids becameThese raids became
known asknown as Pontiac’sPontiac’s
WarWar

18. Pontiac’s WarPontiac’s War
 Chief Pontiac was the leader of an OttawaChief Pontiac was the leader of an Ottawa
village near Detroitvillage near Detroit

19. The Proclamation of 1763The Proclamation of 1763
 To prevent more fighting King George haltedTo prevent more fighting King George halted
settler’s westward expansionsettler’s westward expansion
 InIn the Proclamation of 1763the Proclamation of 1763 the Appalachianthe Appalachian
Mountains became the western boundary for theMountains became the western boundary for the
coloniescolonies
 This angered many colonists who were alreadyThis angered many colonists who were already
living in the area, or who had recently purchasedliving in the area, or who had recently purchased
land in the arealand in the area
 The Proclamation of 1763 created tensionThe Proclamation of 1763 created tension
between the colonies and Great Britainbetween the colonies and Great Britain

21. What would the British do aboutWhat would the British do about
the debt from the French andthe debt from the French and
Indian War?Indian War?