Presentation for the Minneapolis Community Environmental Advisory Commission on creating a long-term greenhouse gas emissions reduction goal for the City of Minneapolis.

1. Setting a Long-term Carbon
Reduction Goal for Minneapolis
Community Environmental Advisory Commission
April 10, 2014

3. 0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
4.889
mmtco2e
-14.88%
2012
5.7 mmtco2e
2006
4.882
mmtco2e
-15%
2015
4.0 mmtco2e
-30%
2025
Minneapolis Community GHG Reduction Targets

4. Staff direction: “To work with CEAC to develop
a long term carbon emissions reduction goal, to
supplement the City’s short- and mid-term
goals and report back with a recommendation
no later than April 14, 2014.”

5. Projected Change in Days >90
o
F from 1980 to 2055
Source: Center for Climatic Research, Nelson Institute, University of Wisconsin- Madison
• Global average temperature increases of more
than 2 degrees Celsius pose a significant risk to
global ecosystems, and are likely to cause
destructive and extreme weather patterns
• Reductions in carbon dioxide emissions of
approximately 80% from 2000 levels by 2050
will be necessary to limit temperature increases
to below 2 degrees Celsius
• While incremental improvement of established
technologies and practices can achieve some
progress, 80% reductions in GHG emissions will
likely require fundamental systems changes
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s
2007 Assessment Report has estimated that:

6. Kevin Anderson, Beyond ‘dangerous’ climate change: emissions scenarios for a new world
http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/369/1934/20.full.pdf+html

7. Source: 4° Turn Down the Heat, World Bank
http://climatechange.worldbank.org/sites/default/files/Turn_Down_the_heat_Why_a_4_degree_centrigrade_warmer_world_must_be_avoided.pdf

10. Helps to justify the City’s engagement
and involvement on long-term
planning & development issues
Gives staff latitude to engage on
issues that go beyond the 10-year
planning horizon
Why set a long-term carbon reduction goal?
Xcel Energy 2020 Projected Energy Mix
(Based on current resource plans and energy forecasts)

12. Next Generation Energy Act
Statewide GHG emissions reduction
• 15% by 2015
• 30% by 2025
• 80% by 2050
*all below 2005 levels

14. Goal of developing a resilient
region minimizes its
contributions to climate
change and is prepared for the
challenges and opportunities of
a changing climate.

15. Hennepin County is committed to
reducing greenhouse gas emissions
by 80 percent by the year 2050
as part of the Cool County Initiative.

16. 37 US cities have articulated 80% plus goals or have demonstrated
significant leadership in trying to achieve significant GHG reductions.
New York
Los Angeles
Chicago
Philadelphia
San Jose
San Francisco
Austin
Boston
Seattle
Nashville
Portland
Atlanta
Albuquerque
Sacramento
Miami
Minneapolis
New
Orleans
Cincinnati
Chula Vista CA
Tacoma
Alexandria VA
Hayward CA
Charleston SC
Berkeley CA
Richmond CA
Boulder CO
North Little Rock AK
Santa Cruz CA
Kirkland WA
Olympia WA
Blacksburg VA
Annapolis MD
Falmouth ME
Burien WA
Galloway NJ
Alliance OH
Kansas City
Sources: O-H Community Partners, Innovation Network for Communities analysis

17. City Reduction Goal Notes
Seattle 100% by 2050
The Seattle Climate Action Plan, adopted in June 2013, focuses on city
actions that reduce greenhouse emissions and also support vibrant
neighborhoods, economic prosperity, and social equity.
Portland 80% by 2050
The City of Portland’s Climate Action Plan recommends actions to achieve a
40 percent reduction in carbon emissions by 2030 and an 80 percent
reduction by 2050 (compared to 1990 levels).
San Francisco 80% by 2050
San Francisco's Climate Action Strategy has identified 35 climate
strategies to achieve the goals of zero waste, 50% trips without cars, and
100% renewable energy.
Vancouver 80% by 2050
Greenest City 2020 is a bold initiative that will address Vancouver's
environmental challenges.
Fort Collins 80% by 2050
Rocky Mountain Institute study outlines what it would take to achieve an
80% reduction in CO2 emissions by 2030
Boston 80% by 2050
Greenovate Boston is a community-driven movement to get all Bostonians
involved in reducing the city’s greenhouse gas emissions 25% by 2020 and
80% by 2050, as outlined in the City’s Climate Action Plan.
Chicago 80% by 2050
The Chicago CAP outlines 26 actions to reduce greenhouse gases and nine
actions to prepare for climate change, helping the City, residents, and
businesses reduce greenhouse gases by 25 percent below 1990 levels by
2020 and 80 percent below 1990 levels by 2050.
Austin 40% by 2030
As part of their 2013 Climate Action Plan update, Austin held a 2-day
community climate workshop where they set a target of net-zero
greenhouse gas emissions by 2050.
Los Angeles 35% by 2030
The City of Los Angeles released its climate action plan in May 2007, which
set forth a goal of reducing the City’s greenhouse gas emissions to 35%
below 1990 levels by the year 2030, one of the most aggressive goals of any
big city in the U.S. at the time
New York City 30% by 2030
Report by the Urban Green Council looks at what it would take to achieve a
90% reduction by 2050

18. -
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
MillionsofmetrictonsofCO2e Emissions from community-wide activities in Minneapolis
Wastewater
Solid Waste
Air Travel (MSP)
On-Road Transportation
Natural Gas Consumption
Electricity Consumption

20. If we…
Make our commercial buildings 75% more efficient (3.75 times CAP goal) and
We make our residential buildings 50% more efficient (3 times CAP goal) and
Industrial processes become 30% more efficient and
Electricity and natural gas usage stay flat and
Xcel achieves an ~80% carbon-free electricity mix and
We reduce VMT 10% and the on-road light-duty fleet averages 100 mpg and
Carbon-neutral airline fuels are fully deployed and
We process all our waste in a carbon-neutral fashion
We would reduce our GHGs by roughly 80%.

21. 143
86
115
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
2006 - 2012 period
average
2015 - 2025 period 2025 - 2050 period
ThousandsofmetrictonsofCO2e Annual reduction required to meet goals

22. 0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
2012
5.7 mmtco2e
2006
4.882
mmtco2e
-15%
2015
4.0 mmtco2e
-30%
2025
Minneapolis Community GHG Reduction Targets

23. 0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
2050
1.1 mmtco2e
-80%
4.889
mmtco2e
-14.88%
2012
Baseline:
5.7 mmtco2e
2006
4.882
mmtco2e
-15%
2015
4.0 mmtco2e
-30%
2025
Minneapolis Community GHG Reduction Targets

24. Sector/Issue Goals
Buildings and
Energy
1. Achieve 15% energy efficiency in residential buildings from the growth baseline by 2025
2. Achieve 20% energy efficiency in commercial/industrial buildings from the baseline by 2025
3. Increase electricity from local and directly purchased renewables to 10% by 2025
4. Achieve a 1.5% annual reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from City facilities
Transportation
and Land Use
1. Reduce automobile vehicle miles traveled (VMT) while improving accessibility, increasing
transportation choices and accommodating equitable opportunity and growth
2. Support livable, walkable, bikeable, safe and growing neighborhoods that meet the needs of
all residents, provide a range of housing types at all income levels, and protect against
displacement of and provide opportunities to current residents, businesses and cultural
communities
3. Support the Metropolitan Council's goal of doubling regional transit ridership by 2030, while
improving access and livability for lower income households most reliant on public transit
4. Grow jobs and housing to support a growing economy and non-auto transportation modes
5. Increase the share of Minneapolis residents and workers choosing non-auto modes for
commuting and other trips
6. Through local action and federal and state legislation, support a transition to cleaner fuels
and more efficient vehicles
7. Promote and strengthen green infrastructure and natural systems that can build resilience,
sequester or reduce emissions, and improve neighborhoods
Waste and
Recycling
1. Achieve a zero percent growth rate in the total waste stream from 2010 levels, with a long-
term goal of achieving zero waste
2. Recycle 50 percent of the waste stream (commercial and residential) in Minneapolis by 2025,
with a long-term goal of achieving zero waste
3. Increase organics collection to 15 percent of the waste stream by 2025
4. Reduce the flow of wastewater from Minneapolis and support efforts to make wastewater
treatment more energy efficient
5. Increase awareness of the lifecycle impacts of products to address GHGs occurring outside
the community

25. Emissions
Source
Carbon Reduction
Strategy
Example Initiatives
Commercial &
Residential
Buildings
Achieve net zero emissions
in 100% of new buildings by
2030
• Net Zero building codes
• Mandatory building benchmarking
• Mandatory building commissioning
• Geothermal heat pumps
Achieve 30%-50%
emissions reductions in
100% of existing buildings
• Mandatory building retro-commissioning
• Required retrofitting upgrades at transaction
• Reduce appliance/equipment energy demand by 30%
Industrial
Achieve 3%+ annual
improvements in energy
efficiency of industrial
processes, and reduce
building energy use by at
least 15%
• Equipment upgrades
• Process/product redesign
• Mandatory retro-commissioning
• Mandatory retrofitting
Transportation
Achieve annual net
decreases in total Vehicle
Miles Traveled (VMT)
• Bike and pedestrian friendly streets
• Bike sharing and car sharing
• Increased access to transit
• Performance based tolling and parking fees
• Parking restrictions in high density areas
• Employer-based demand management
• Transit-Oriented Development
Decrease emissions per
VMT by 50%-75%
• Increased vehicle mileage standards
• Alternative low-carbon fuels (electric vehicles;
bio-fuels; hybrids; fuel cells)

26. Emissions
Source
Carbon Reduction
Strategy
Example Initiatives
Waste
Eliminate 100% of solid
waste disposed of via
landfill or incinerator
• Mandatory consumer and commercial recycling
• Single or no-stream recycling (100% sorting of all waste)
• Construction/demolition recycling & reuse
• Organics composting and waste to energy
Energy
Generation
Achieve 80%-90%
de-carbonization of the
electricity and heating
supply
• Replace 100% of coal fired electricity generation with natural
gas or renewables
• Implement on-site energy generation in 100% of eligible
structures
• Develop district energy/heating/cooling in 100% eligible
densely built areas
• Implement 50%+ renewable portfolio standards
• Implement shared renewable power purchasing programs
• Implement carbon capture and sequestration
System-
Wide
Implement efficient land
use planning
• Increase residential density through urban growth boundaries
and promotion of infill development
• Ensure that at least 6+ acres of green space are available per
1000 residents
Design municipal
infrastructure for low
carbon performance
• Deploy smart grids across 100% of the municipality
• Deploy high efficiency transmission lines across 100% of the
municipality
• Use smart infrastructure for 100% of city needs
• Use green infrastructure to reduce the need for gray
infrastructure

27. The Emissions Reductions Formula
- -
Total Emissions
 Volume of
gases added to
the atmosphere
Total Sinks
 Volume of
gases removed
from the
atmosphere
Offsets
 Volume
equivalent of
purchased
credits
=
GHG
Emissions
Reduce absolute
emissions quantity
from a given base
year
Increase the
quantity of GHG
absorbed by
carbon sinks
Purchase carbon
offsets to further
reduce GHG
emissions
Total reductions
targets may be
80% or more; if
reductions reach
100%, carbon
neutrality is
achieved

28. Household Consumption Inventory, 2010
Housing
30%
Transportation
29%
Goods & Services
25%
Food
15%
Electricity
11%
Nat. Gas
9%
Furniture
5%
Construction
4%
Water
3%
Car Fuel
22%Air Travel
4%
Services
14%
Other
7%
Clothing
4%
Meat
6%
Other
3%

29. Recommendations:
Carbon Reduction Goal:
80% by 2050
As part of our goal, continue
to refine methods and
research best practices for
measuring consumption-
based emissions

30. Timeline and Next Steps
February 24:
HECE
Committee
direction to
develop a
recommendation
March 13:
CEAC Climate
Subcommittee
Meeting
April 10:
Presentation to
full CEAC with
subcommittee
recommendation
April 11:
Have a letter to
present to the
HECE Committee
April 14:
Presentation of
CEAC
recommendation
to HECE Meeting