Educational Presentation High Performance Metals

High Performance Architectural Metals
51 QSi Lane Allison Park, PA 15101 (724) 779-5100 www.metalresources.net

Cost of Corrosion
Battelle Laboratories and the National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE) concur that in the United States alone, we spend $300 billion per year repairing metallic corrosion.
The Battelle study estimates that at least $100 billion of this cost can be avoided with proper material selection.
Stainless steel when properly specified decreases life cycle costs and increases sustainability.

Environmental Responsibility
Our philosophy regarding materials is to select a product that will last the useful life of the building with little or no maintenance. This usually results in the least long-term cost to the building owner. In addition, significantly less harm can be made to the environment by using permanent materials as opposed to more commonly used materials that require maintenance and replacement. Specifically, our portfolio of high performance metals serves this philosophy well. Beyond offering permanence, these materials are by their nature, environmentally “green” materials.

Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design (LEED)
Established by the US Green Building Council
Architects as well as government agencies are adopting LEED
Consumers are embracing environmentally sensible products
Stainless steel is at least 60% recycled
Stainless steel will last the useful life of a building with little or no maintenance
Stainless steel is 100% recyclable after the building is torn down
With respect to LEED credits, our products are eligible for two to four points based on what material is selected, how it is used and where the building is located. Please contact us for assistance in pre-qualifying LEED points for your specific project

Green Globes
There are a number of ways in which our materials can contribute to the accumulation of Green Globes Design points:
Environmental Purchasing
Reduced Heat Island Effect
Energy Performance
Reduced Energy Demand
Minimal Consumption of Resources
Building Durability, Adaptability and Disassembly
Reduction, Reuse & Recycling of Demolition Waste

The Stainless Steel Solution
High Corrosion Resistance
Favorable Properties
Fire Resistant
Durable
Low Maintenance
Easily Fabricated
Variety of Surface Finishes
Exceptional Aesthetics
Low Environmental Impact

What is Stainless Steel?
Stainless steel is an iron based alloy with a minimum chrome content of 10.5%
An invisible chrome oxide film covers stainless steel’s surface and protects it from discoloration and rusting.
Therefore a protective surface coating is not needed.
More Chrome = More corrosion resistance

Who should consider specifying stainless steel for their designs?
Anyone who is designing for:
Sustainability
Unrivaled low lifecycle cost
Low Maintenance
Attractive Aesthetics
Corrosion Resistance

Stainless SteelGrade Options

When is grade selection an important consideration?
Type 316 with a matte finish on the restored
Carousel at Santa Monica Pier

Grade Selection
Type 304 is sufficient for most all exterior applications
Type 316 should be used in normal seacoast environments
Specify 304L or 316L if welding will be employed
Corrosive environments like seacoast locations subject to ocean spray and chemical processing plants may require higher alloys
Any grade, including Type 430 may be used in interior applications

Comparative properties of architectural metals
Yield Tensile Percent
Density StrengthStrengthElongation
Stainless Steels
Austenitic - 304/316 .292 50,000 psi 85,000 psi 50%
Ferritic - 445M2 .280 51,000 psi 75,000 psi 30%
Duplex – UNS 32003 .279 80,000 psi 100,000 psi 25%
Others
Carbon steel - 1020 .284 50,000 psi 60,000 psi 30%
Aluminum - 5005, H-16 .097 25,000 psi 26,000 psi 5%
Aluminum - 3003, H-14 .097 22,000 psi 23,000 psi 8%
Copper - Roofing 1/8 hard .321 28,000 psi 36,000 psi 30%

Comparative properties of architectural metals
Coefficient of Melting Thermal Expansion Point
Stainless Steels
Austenitic - 304/316 9.6 X 10-6 2500° F
Ferritic - 445M2 5.4 X 10-6 2600° F
Duplex – UNS 32003 7.2 X 10-6 2550° F
Others
Carbon steel - 1020 7 X 10-6 2760° F
Aluminum - 5005, H-16 12.9 X 10-6 1220° F
Copper - Roofing 1/8 hard 11.3 X 10-6 1984° F

Factors effecting grade or finish selection
air pollutants humidity
marine salt rainfall
deicing salt wind erosion
quantity required temperature
Classification of service environments
rural industrial
urban marine

Sustainability
Stainless Steel is an outstanding sustainable material
It is one of the few 100 plus year materials
Scrap is a primary production input.
It is 100% recyclable
Requires no coatings so it has no VOC’s

Chrysler Building
Completed in 1930
Type 302 (304 is the modern version) Stainless Steel
Cleaned twice, in 1961 and 1995
1995 cleaning involved replacing a few panels that exhibited pitting corrosion at the location of heating system exhausts
Its good to go for another 70 years - evidence of stainless steel’s low life cycle cost

304 SS (59 yrs.)
Painted Cast Aluminum (12 yrs)
Examples of relative corrosion resistance among architectural metals.
At the LaQue lab facility in Kure Beach, NC. These test coupons are exposed to the marine environment 820’ from high tide.
316 SS (59 yrs.)
Painted Cold Rolled Carbon Steel (12 yrs.)

Corrosion ResistancePitting/Crevice corrosion
Resistance against pitting and corrosion is estimated with the pitting resistance equivalent number (PREN):
W = % Cr + 3.3 x % Mo + 16 N*
Nickel does not prevent pitting/crevice corrosion, it just inhibits its growth.
*N = Nitrogen in Duplex Alloys

Corrosion Resistance Comparisons
TypeGradePREN
Duplex UNS 32003* 29.66
Super Ferritic T445M2* 26.06
Austenitic T316 (L)** 24.01
“ T304 (L)** 18.25
“ T301 16.50
“ T201 16.50
Ferritic T430* 16.50
*Also have enhanced resistance to stress corrosion cracking
**Specify low carbon for welding

Corrosion Rate Comparisonat Kure Beach, NC

Corrosion Rate Comparisonof Test Sites in Japan

Durability?
Stainless steel that is properly maintained has a nearly unlimited service life.

Cladding technology has changed since 1930 but this stainless steel is still as bright as the day it was installed on the Chrysler Building over 78 years ago.

Durability?

Aluminum, zinc, galvanized steel and fiberglass have been performance tested along with the T316 stainless steel at temperatures exceeding 1,000°F. This test shows that significant failure begins on all materials except T316 stainless steel within five minutes of exposure to temperatures over 1,000°F. After 45 minutes the T316 stainless steel ladder is still standing while the gas supply for the test has run out.

Stainless Steel is low maintenance
Cleaning Guidelines:
Utilize natural rainwater
A mild detergent or degreasers can be used for more tenacious spots. Thinners can be used for ink or paint.
Always rinse thoroughly after using any cleaning agent.
Test abrasives first.
Never use solutions containing chlorides, hydrochloric acid, or muriatic acid.
Additional information is available at ssina.com

Stainless steel, on the other hand, can be cleaned. It will not fade, chalk or chip.

150 East 42nd Street, NYC
June 2008

Fabrication:Easily Manipulated

Stainless SteelFabrication
Requires different loads, weld parameters, filler wires, cutting speeds, etc. than carbon steel
Use good workmanship practices:
Lifted not dragged
Plastic film to protect surface
Protective storage
Dedicated equipment and production area if possible

Stainless SteelCutting
Incoming coils are slit to ordered width by the supplier.
Shearing is the most common type of cutting during fabrication.
Blanking, perforating, and nibbling are also effective forming operations.

Stainless SteelForming
Most common method is brake forming
Roll forming is also economical when large quantities are produced
Press forming for drawn panels
Extrusion is possible but not always practical due to tooling costs, finishing costs and geometry limitations

Stainless SteelDesign Considerations
Stainless steel has a greater spring back than carbon steel
Plastic coatings prevent galling (metal to metal contact) during fabrication. Plastic also protects the surface during handling. It is removed upon installation.
Use stainless steel fasteners & clips
Prevents rusting and galvanic corrosion

Stainless SteelWelding, Brazing, Soldering
Proper techniques can prevent distortion during joining.
Specify low carbon grades where applicable
Weld wire must be chemically compatible.

Stainless SteelWelding
The heat tint formed during welding is mechanically removed to prevent future corrosion. Traditional methods are glass bead blasting, flapper wheels, grinding, stainless steel wire brushes and pickling where feasible.
Welding damages the finish. Ability to repair limited. Consider in design.

Stainless SteelChoosing a Finish
The project architect should specify the finish and identify it by its industry standard designation or its trade name if specifying proprietary finishes.
Request control samples from the supplier.
When high gloss or low gloss is an option, consider the application.

Stainless SteelIndustry Standard Finishes
Unpolished finishes are less directional. They range in appearance from rough & dull (no. 1) to smooth & dull gray (2D) or smooth & bright gray (2B), to a near mirror finish (Bright Anneal).
Polished finishes are produced by abrading the surface of the steel. They range in appearance from heavy, directional grit lines (#3, #4) to dull satin (#6), to reflective with some grit lines (#7), to reflective with faint grit lines (#8).

Our Variety of Rolled-in Metal Finishes Differ Distinctly In Appearance.
Its All About Reflectivity.

Stainless SteelRolled Specialty Finishes
Rolled finishes are made by passing a coil through a specially finished set of rolls.
Coined finishes are textured on only one side.
Embossed finishes are textured on two sides.
Abrasive Blasted Appearance finishes are non-directional and one or two sided.
Textured finishes are two sided with the texture reversed on the obverse side.

Stainless SteelOther Specialty Finishes
Colorized: black, blue, bronze, pink, gold and nickel silver
Methods: anodic and sputter coated
Graphic: etched patterns, custom artwork

Where can stainless steel be used?
Any component of a building envelope. Roofing systems, curtain walls, column covers, rain screens, railings and grip bars as well as sun screens are all natural applications for stainless steel.
Interior features that require a decorative element and durability such as elevator cabs, ceilings, sound proofing, wall treatments, tabletops and shelving.
Any area where sustainability and lifecycle cost are key design criteria.
Where fire resistance is important.

Jamaica Air-Tran Terminal
Jamaica, NY

Fletcher Allen Hospital Burlington, VT

Dallas Fort-Worth Airport International Terminal DDallas, TX

Central Los Angeles High School #9
Los Angeles, CA

Central LA High School #9

Sharp Hospital
San Diego, CA

…..
Scottsdale Air Center
Scottsdale, AZ

If you wish to learn more about Contrarian Metal Resources, please call or visit our website
Contrarian Metal Resources
51 Qsi Lane
Allison Park, PA 15101
Metalresources.net
(866)-360-5100

High Performance Architectural Metals
51 QSi Lane Allison Park, PA 15101 (724) 779-5100 www.metalresources.net

Educational Presentation High Performance Metals

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