This document discusses the status of water resources in Uttarakhand, India including issues and challenges. It notes that Uttarakhand receives heavy precipitation but is also prone to cloud bursts and flooding which have caused widespread damage. Some key problems facing water management in the state are small land holdings, hilly terrain which limits irrigation, and low benefit-cost ratios for water projects. Climate change is also exacerbating issues like increased temperatures, changing rainfall patterns, glacier retreat and more frequent extreme weather events. Micro-irrigation is mentioned as one approach to help address water challenges in the mountainous state.

1. Status of Water Resources in
Utt kh d I dUttarakhand – Issues and
Challengesg
Rajendra Chalisgaonkar
Engineer-in-Chiefg
Irrigation Department, Uttarakhand

2. India’s Land Resources 2% of the World
India’s Freshwater
Resource 4% of the World
India’s Population 17% of the WorldIndia s Population 17% of the World
India’s Cattle Population 10% of the World

3. Geographical Area 329 mhag p
Non-cultivated Area
B /W L d
7%
23%Barren/Waste Land 23%
Forested Area 23%Forested Area 23%
Cultivated Area (CA) 47%Cultivated Area (CA) 47%
Irrigated Area (produces 55%) 37% of CA
Rainfed Area (produces 45%) 63% of CA

4. TotalTotal precipitationprecipitation 40004000 BCMBCM
AnnualAnnual waterwater availabilityavailability
(after(after accountingaccounting forfor losseslosses inin thethe formform 18691869 BCMBCM
evaporationevaporation etcetc..))
UtilizableUtilizable waterwater
(the(the availableavailable waterwater cannotcannot bebe fullyfully utilizedutilized duedue toto
topographicaltopographical andand hydrologicalhydrological constraintsconstraints andand thethe
needneed forfor allowingallowing certaincertain amountamount ofof waterwater toto flowflow
11231123 BCMBCM
needneed forfor allowingallowing certaincertain amountamount ofof waterwater toto flowflow
inin thethe riverriver forfor maintainingmaintaining thethe riverriver regimeregime..))
‐‐ SurfaceSurface waterwater
‐‐ GroundGround waterwater
690690 BCMBCM
433433 BCMBCM

5. PopulationPopulation
Per Capita annualPer Capita annual
YearYear
PopulationPopulation
(in millions)(in millions)
water availabilitywater availability
(in cubic meter)(in cubic meter)
19511951 361361 51775177
20012001 10271027 18201820
20252025
139139 13 113 1
20252025
(projected)(projected)
13941394 13411341
20502050
16 016 0 11 011 0
20502050
(projected)(projected)
16401640 11401140

6. •WaterPer Capita
•Water
Stressed
p
Availability <
1700 Cubic
Meter per yearMeter per year
W tPer Capita
•Water
Scarce
Per Capita
Availability <
1000 Cubic ScarceMeter per year

7. one of the hilly states in the Indian Himalaya. Formerly a part of
Uttarakhand
y y y p
Uttar Pradesh (UP), Uttarakhand was created as the 27th state of
the Indian Union on 9 November, 2000 by carving out the 13 hill
districts of U P The elevation ranges from 210 to 7817 mdistricts of U.P. The elevation ranges from 210 to 7817 m.

8. Uttrakhand is well known for its Char Dham:-
YAMUNOTRI GANGOTRI
BADRINATH KEDARNATH

9. Plains
31 60%
2001 CENSUS
Hills
68 40%
31.60%
58 065 l
26.83 lac
2001 CENSUS
68.40% 58.065 lac
TOTAL POPULATION :84.89 LAC
35 39 lac
35%
35.39 lac
65%
65 47 lac65.47 lac
TOTAL POPULATION :100.86 lac
2011 CENSUS

10. Plains
14%
7,448 km2
14%
Hill A 46 035 k 2Hilly Area
86%
46,035 km2
46035 km2
Geographical Area = 53483 km2

11. Land use/ land cover Map of Uttarakhand
Uttarakhand has a total geographic area of 53,483 km², of which
86% i t i d 65% i d b f t86% is mountainous and 65% is covered by forest.

12. Altitudinal zones of Uttarakhand and their
attributes
S.N
o.
Zone/Altitude
Farming
situation
Soil
Rainfall
(mm/ year)
Districts
att butes
1 Zone A. upto
1.000 m
Tarai
irrigated
Alluvial 1400 U.S. Nagar,
Haridwar
Bhabhar Alluvial 1400 Nainital Dehradun1.000 m Bhabhar
irrigated
Alluvial
mixed with
boulders
1400 Nainital, Dehradun
and Pauri Garhwal
irrigated Alluvial 2000‐2400 Champawat, Pauri,irrigated
lower hills
(600‐1000
m)
Alluvial
sandy soil
2000 2400 Champawat, Pauri,
Dehradun.
Garhwal. Nainital,
Garhwal. Tehri)
Rain‐fed
lower hills
Residual
sandy loam
2000‐2400 Champawat, Pauri
Dehradun.
(600‐1000
m)
Garhwal.
Bageshwar.
Nainital, Tehri

13. Contd………….
S.N
o.
Zone/Altitude
Farming
situation
Soil
Rainfall (mm/
year)
Districts
2 Zone B, 1000‐
1500 m
Mid hills,
south
aspect
Sandy loam 1200‐1300 Champawat,
Nainitai,
Almoraaspect
(1000‐1500
m
Almora.
Dehradun,
Tehri,
B hBageshwar.
3 Zone C, 1500‐
2400 m
High hills
(1500‐2400
Red to dark 1200‐2500 Pithoragarh.
Almora,
2400 m m) Chamoli,
Bageshwar
4 Zone D >2 400 Very high Red to 1300 Pithoragarh. 4 Zone D, >2.400
m
y g
hills black clay
g
Chamoli,
Uttarkashi

14. Land-use Pattern in Uttarakhand

15. Annual Normal Rainfall in Uttarakhand

16. S. Major No. of Area Volume Snout Elevation (m.
Glaciers of Uttarakhand
N. Basin Glaciers (km2) (Km3) asl)
1 Yamuna 52 205 12.20 4040
2 Bhagirathi 238 755 67 02 41502 Bhagirathi 238 755 67.02 4150
3 Kali 271 969 43.77 4130
4 Alaknanda 407 1204 90.75 4240
Total 968 3133 213.74
Distribution of glaciers in different himalayan states
State Glaciers Area
(km2)
Average size
(km)
Glacier in the
state (%)
J&K 5262 29163 55 0 55 0J&K 5262 29163 55.0 55.0
Himachal 2736 4516 3.35 28.0
Uttarakhand 968 2857 3.87 10.0Uttarakhand 968 2857 3.87 10.0
Sikkim 449 706 1.50 5.00
Arunachal 161 223 1.40 2.00

17. Present domestic water use
At t th t t l d d f d ti t f Utt kh dAt present the total demand of domestic water for Uttarakhand
state is about 1279.32 MLD. The detail description of present
demand and supply is shown below:
Present demand and supply for domestic water
Types of
drinking
water
No of
drinking
water
No of
Profitable
Persons
Total
Demand
of Drinking
Total supply of Drinking
water
By By Totalwater
schemes
water
scheme
s
Persons of Drinking
water
(MLD)
By
Tubewell
s
By
surface
water
Total
(MLD)
Urban 75 4071759 616.80 446.81 135.42 582.22
R l 4286 5560473 662 52 286 76 234 43 529 16Rural 4286 5560473 662.52 286.76 234.43 529.16
Total 4361 9632232 1279.32 733.57 369.84 1111.38

18. Districts of
Projected population Per capita
water
Total water demand(LPD)
Forcasted demand for domestic water
Districts of
Uttarakhand
water
demand
(LPD)
2016 2030 2016 2030
Almora 631000 639000 135 85185000 86265000Almora 631000 639000 135 85185000 86265000
Bageshwar 270000 300000 135 36450000 40500000
Chamoli 410000 460000 135 55350000 62100000
h 280000 325000 135 37800000 43875000Champawat 280000 325000 135 37800000 43875000
Dehradun 1850000 2300000 135 249750000 310500000
Pauri Garhwal 697000 780000 135 94095000 105300000
Haridwar 2050000 2600000 135 276750000 351000000
Nainital 1040000 1320000 135 140400000 178200000
Pithoragarh 510000 558000 135 68850000 75330000
Rudraprayag 255000 285000 135 34425000 38475000
Tehri Garhwal 645000 720000 135 87075000 97200000
Udham Singh 243000000Udham Singh
Nagar
1800000 2300000 135
243000000
310500000
Uttarkashi 355000 420000 135 47925000 56700000
Total 10793000 13007000 135 1457055000 1755945000

19. Ground Water Categorization of Blocks in Uttarakhand
S.No District Safe
Semi‐
Critical Critical
Over‐
Exploited Saline
1 Dehradun Doiwala
SahaspurSahaspur
Vikasnagar
2 Haridwar Bahadarabad
Bhagwanpur
Narsan
Khanpur
Laksar
RoorkeeRoorkee
3 Udham Singh Nagar Jaspur
Kashipur
Bazpur
Gadarpur
Rudrapur
Sitargunj
KhatimaKhatima
4 Nainital Ramnagar
Haldwani

20. Groundwater Resources Availability, Utilization in
Uttarakhand As on March, 2013
S.No Name of
District
Annual Replenishable Groundwater
Resources
Natural
Dischar
ge
During
Net
Ground
water
Availabil
Anuual Groundwater
Draft
During
Non
Monsoo
n Period
Availabil
ityMonsoon Season Non Monsoon
Season
Total Irrigatio
n
Domesti
c &
Industri
al Water
Total
Recharge
from
Recharge
from
Recharge
from
Recharge
from al Water
Supply
from
Rainfall
from
Other
Sources
from
Rainfall
from
Other
Sources
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
36614. 36457.9 4930.
1 Dehradun 28303.59 1343.88 5184.58 1782.2
36614.
25
156.3
36457.9
2
4291.97 638.4
4930.
57
2 Haridwar 31278.34 15661.27 10140.62 31403.63
88483.
86
2353.25
86130.6
1
40614.2
3
7992.45
48606
.68
Udham Singh 64084 63421 3 39378
3
Udham Singh
Nagar
43113.99 4529.02 7702.55 8739.27
64084.
83
663.41
63421.3
8
33912.1 5466.3
39378
.4
4 Nainital 7640.93 661.31 1199.3 1191.78
10693.
32
92.65
10600.6
6
5295.2 549.48
5844.
68
State Total 110336 8 199876 196610 84113 5 14646 6 98760State Total
(ham)
110336.8
5
22195.48 24227.05 43116.88
199876
.26
3265.61
196610.
57
84113.5
0
14646.6
3
98760
.33
State Total
(bcm)
1.10 0.22 0.24 0.43 2.00 0.03 1.97 0.84 0.15 0.99

21. Water SectorWater Sector‐
[Problems & Challenges][Problems & Challenges]

22. • Heavy Precipitation
Cl d B t• Cloud Bursts

23. KEDARNATH AREA BEFORE AND AFTER JUNE 2013
CONFLUENCE OF RIVER MANDAKINI AT RUDRAPRAYAG BEFORE AND AFTER JUNE 2013

24. AFTER DISASTERAFTER DISASTER
tuin #ni;kxtuin #nziz;kx

25. Distt.
R dRudraprayag

26. Distt.
Chamoli

27. Madkot(Munsyari)Madkot(Munsyari),
Distt. Pithoragarh

28. VIEW OF SRINAGAR
AFTER FLOODS

29. Canals DamagedCanals Damaged
Due to FloodsDue to Floods

30. D i G l C l H ld i P ll l G l C lDamages in Golapar Canal, Haldwani Parallel Gola Canal
Spill from Sukhi Bund, Begul River entered in Silted Upper Begul Canal
U S Nagar Upper Begul Canal
Damaged Giwain Canal Damaged Head of Left Kho Canal

31. Damaged Ghat infront of Parmarth Niketan Damaged Head of Left Kho Canal
Damaged Kothwara Canal Bagban Canal

32. MEASURES TAKEN AFTERMEASURES TAKEN AFTER
THE DISASTERS S

33. RIPRAP at Udhamsnghnagar
Gabion Wall at Kedarnath

34. Gabion Wall at Gola RiverGabion Wall at Gola River
Gabion Wall at
Ratmau River

35. DISTRICT UTTARKASHI

36. CEMENT CONCRETE WALL AT TILWARA, RUDRAPRAYAG
CEMENT CONCRETE WALL AT SUMARI, RUDRAPRAYAG

37. Temperat
ure
increase
Change in Sea
increase
Monsoon
Pattern
IncreaseIncrease
Level
Rise
Increase
in Rain
Fall
Intensity
Increase
in
Extreme
Events
Impact of
Climate
Change
Decrease
in No. of
Change in
Ground g
Rainy
Days
Ch
water
Recharge
Decrease
in Snow
Fall
IncreaseIncrease
Change
in
Runoff
Pattern
Increase
in
Evaporati
on rate
Increase
in
Glacier
retreat

38. • Small Land Holdings
• Hilly Terrainsy
Benefit Cost Ratio• Benefit Cost Ratio
• Micro Irrigation

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ukFkwokyk ugj] nsgjknwu fVlksj ugj] flrkjxat

40. 2 D N i l W k h2 Days National Workshop
organised by IWRS onorganised by IWRS on
will also address the issues related to Hilly States