Presented by Kawonga M. W., Moagabo K., Mbeha B., Katjiuongua H., Sergeant E., Ntesang K., Kootshegetse T. and Losho T. C. at the Conference on Policies for Competitive Smallholder Livestock Production, Gaborone, Botswana, 4-6 March 2015

1. Kawonga M. W., Moagabo K., Mbeha B., Katjiuongua H.,
Sergeant E., Ntesang K., Kootshegetse T. and Losho T. C.
Conference on Policies for Competitive Smallholder Livestock Production,
Gaborone, Botswana, 4-6 March 2015

2. STUDY AREA
2
")
")
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")
")
")
")
")
") ")
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")
")
") ")
") ")
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")
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")
!U
!U
!U
!U
!U
!U
!U
!U
!U
!U
2a
2b
2c
2d
4a 3c
MASUNGA
Ghanzi
Maun Nata
Tsabong
Hukuntsi
Molepolole
Shakawe
Mahalapye
Letlhakane
Kasane
Kanye
Serowe
Francistown
Jwaneng
Palapye
Selebi-Phikwe
Mochudi
Lobatse
Gaborone
12
13
11
1
7
10
6
8
5
16
9
3b
3a
4b
3c
17
KANG
NATA
MAUN
KANYE
ORAPA
SEROWE
GHANZI
TONOTA
TUTUME
KASANE
LOBATSE
JWANENG
MOCHUDI
PALAPYE
TSHABONG
RAMOTSWA
GABORONE
BOBONONG
MAHALAPYE
MOLEPOLOLE
FRANCISTOWN
SELEBI-PHIKWE
28°36'40"E
28°36'40"E
26°31'30"E
26°31'30"E
24°26'20"E
24°26'20"E
22°21'10"E
22°21'10"E
20°16'0"E
20°16'0"E
19°4'20"S
19°4'20"S
21°9'30"S
21°9'30"S
23°14'40"S
23°14'40"S
25°19'50"S
25°19'50"S
0 120 240 360 48060
Kilometers
Botswana Veterinary Districts
Legend
Roads
Disease Control Fences
AdministrativeDistricts
Central
Chobe
Gantsi
Kgalagadi
South-East
North-East
Ngamiland
Kweneng
Kgatleng
") Towns/Villages
National Parks/Game Reserves
Veterinary Disease Control Zones
Southern
!U District Head Office
Veterinary Districts
²
Ministry of Agriculture
Department of Veterinary Services
Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics Section
Information Technology Unit
Private Bag 0032,
Gaborone,
Botswana.
Tel: +267 3689000
Fax: +267 3903744
E-Mail: DVS@gov.bw
Ver:1 2014

3. FINDINGS/COMMENTS
Animal spp Sample # Tests conducted District Comments
Cattle 359
Sera/blood
Haemoparasites - Mi All Neg
60
Faeces
Helminthosis/coccidiosis
(Std Technique)
Targeted Significant (Strongyles/Fasciola)
Leptospirosis (MAT) All Significant (L: t, h, szw,)
Goats 372
Sera/blood
Brucellosis (CFT) All Neg
Chlamydiosis (ELISA) All Neg
FMD (ELISA) S/Phikwe and Chobe Neg
Haemoparasites All Neg
18 Faeces Helminthosis/coccidiosis Targeted Significant(coccidiosis)
Sheep 89 Sera Brucellosis (CFT) All Neg
Chlamydiosis (ELISA) All Neg
FMD S/Phikwe and Chobe Neg
Haemoparasites All Neg
0 Helminthosis/coccidiosis Targeted NA

4. Leptospira Occurrence - Serovars
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Tarrasovi Hardjo Bratislava SZW Pomona Canicola Others Total
Numcerofcases
Serovars
# Positive
# Negative
% positive
% Negative

5. Comments
 Cattle:
 Leptospirosis – serological indication; isolation?
 Fascioliasis
 Goats:
 Coccidiosis
 Absence of antibodies to Brucellosis/Chlamydia?

6. Impact of Findings
 Cattle
 Leptospirosis – ill health /production losses/Zoonotic
disease
 Cattle/ Small stock - Helminthosis –
 Contributes significantly to low animal performance
 Production losses (stunted growth, mortality esp in
young)
 Cost in control using expensive drugs
 Anthleminthic resistance?

7. Way Forward
 Cattle
 Leptospirosis –
 Full impact and extent of problem
 ID control measures and carrier populations
 Establish testing capacity in the country/high cost in
subcontracting
 Fascioliasis – epidemiology and impact
 Sheep and Goats
 Other causes of productive losses incl. Lepto/Toxo
 Extent of coccidiosis and other endoparasites - control