Kawonga M. W., Moagabo K., Mbeha B., Katjiuongua H.,
Sergeant E., Ntesang K., Kootshegetse T. and Losho T. C.
Conference on Policies for Competitive Smallholder Livestock Production,
Gaborone, Botswana, 4-6 March 2015

STUDY AREA
2
")
")
")
")
")
")
")
")
") ")
")
")
")
")
") ")
") ")
")
")
")
")
!U
!U
!U
!U
!U
!U
!U
!U
!U
!U
2a
2b
2c
2d
4a 3c
MASUNGA
Ghanzi
Maun Nata
Tsabong
Hukuntsi
Molepolole
Shakawe
Mahalapye
Letlhakane
Kasane
Kanye
Serowe
Francistown
Jwaneng
Palapye
Selebi-Phikwe
Mochudi
Lobatse
Gaborone
12
13
11
1
7
10
6
8
5
16
9
3b
3a
4b
3c
17
KANG
NATA
MAUN
KANYE
ORAPA
SEROWE
GHANZI
TONOTA
TUTUME
KASANE
LOBATSE
JWANENG
MOCHUDI
PALAPYE
TSHABONG
RAMOTSWA
GABORONE
BOBONONG
MAHALAPYE
MOLEPOLOLE
FRANCISTOWN
SELEBI-PHIKWE
28°36'40"E
28°36'40"E
26°31'30"E
26°31'30"E
24°26'20"E
24°26'20"E
22°21'10"E
22°21'10"E
20°16'0"E
20°16'0"E
19°4'20"S
19°4'20"S
21°9'30"S
21°9'30"S
23°14'40"S
23°14'40"S
25°19'50"S
25°19'50"S
0 120 240 360 48060
Kilometers
Botswana Veterinary Districts
Legend
Roads
Disease Control Fences
AdministrativeDistricts
Central
Chobe
Gantsi
Kgalagadi
South-East
North-East
Ngamiland
Kweneng
Kgatleng
") Towns/Villages
National Parks/Game Reserves
Veterinary Disease Control Zones
Southern
!U District Head Office
Veterinary Districts
²
Ministry of Agriculture
Department of Veterinary Services
Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics Section
Information Technology Unit
Private Bag 0032,
Gaborone,
Botswana.
Tel: +267 3689000
Fax: +267 3903744
E-Mail: DVS@gov.bw
Ver:1 2014

FINDINGS/COMMENTS
Animal spp Sample # Tests conducted District Comments
Cattle 359
Sera/blood
Haemoparasites - Mi All Neg
60
Faeces
Helminthosis/coccidiosis
(Std Technique)
Targeted Significant (Strongyles/Fasciola)
Leptospirosis (MAT) All Significant (L: t, h, szw,)
Goats 372
Sera/blood
Brucellosis (CFT) All Neg
Chlamydiosis (ELISA) All Neg
FMD (ELISA) S/Phikwe and Chobe Neg
Haemoparasites All Neg
18 Faeces Helminthosis/coccidiosis Targeted Significant(coccidiosis)
Sheep 89 Sera Brucellosis (CFT) All Neg
Chlamydiosis (ELISA) All Neg
FMD S/Phikwe and Chobe Neg
Haemoparasites All Neg
0 Helminthosis/coccidiosis Targeted NA

Leptospira Occurrence - Serovars
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Tarrasovi Hardjo Bratislava SZW Pomona Canicola Others Total
Numcerofcases
Serovars
# Positive
# Negative
% positive
% Negative

Comments
 Cattle:
 Leptospirosis – serological indication; isolation?
 Fascioliasis
 Goats:
 Coccidiosis
 Absence of antibodies to Brucellosis/Chlamydia?

Impact of Findings
 Cattle
 Leptospirosis – ill health /production losses/Zoonotic
disease
 Cattle/ Small stock - Helminthosis –
 Contributes significantly to low animal performance
 Production losses (stunted growth, mortality esp in
young)
 Cost in control using expensive drugs
 Anthleminthic resistance?

Way Forward
 Cattle
 Leptospirosis –
 Full impact and extent of problem
 ID control measures and carrier populations
 Establish testing capacity in the country/high cost in
subcontracting
 Fascioliasis – epidemiology and impact
 Sheep and Goats
 Other causes of productive losses incl. Lepto/Toxo
 Extent of coccidiosis and other endoparasites - control