1. IMPROVEMENT ANALYSIS OF RFID TAG
DETECTION WITH SMART ANTENNA USING
ADAPTIVE POWER ALLOCATION

2. INTRODUCTION
Our paper presents an analytical approach to show the result
of implementation of Smart Antenna by using adaptive
power allocation yields better and efficient tag detection for
RFID system and leads to an overall improvement in terms of
distance coverage and power distributions.

3. ABSTRACT
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology has
attracted much attention due to its variety of applications,
e.g., inventory control and object tracking. One important
problem in RFID systems is to optimize the power allocation
to the tag with respect to their distance form the reader . In
this paper, we present an efficient and improved approach to
fulfill these requirements for efficient tag detection. Results
from mathematical analysis and extensive simulation
demonstrate that our scheme shows a significant
improvement over the traditional approaches of tag detection
and power allocation techniques.

4. OUTLINES
• Literature Review
• Methodology
• Possible Outcomes
• System Description
• Result & Discussion
• Conclusion & Further Research

5. LITERATURE REVIEW
• work by Kim et al. [1] estimate the direction of arrival by
tracking the receive signal strength of two directional
antennas depending on their orientation, the phase
difference at distinct array elements is considered for
direction of arrival estimation in this work.
• several authors, for instance [2] propose to install multiple
readers and apply reader-to-tag distance estimation to
localize an RFID tag.

6. LITERATURE REVIEW
• Salonen et al. [3] show a phased array realization for
blindly scanning an area with a beam.
• This paper [4] presents an algorithm for redundant reader
elimination for directional antenna. It uses a radio
propagation model and also accounts for loss due to
multipath fading to model communication between a
reader and a tag.

7. STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
The main issues we have addressed are:
• Duplicate tag detection by near located readers
• Constraints on coverage area of individual tags
• Power loss caused due to fixed power allocation to all
tags within the coverage area of reader antenna.

8. OBJECTIVE
• Efficient power consumption and distribution between
reader antenna to tag.
• Optimized power allocation to each tag based on their
respective distances from reader
• Increasing coverage area (distance fron reader) of tag.

9. SYSTEM
DESCRIPTION
Basic improvement method that we have proposed, includes
the use of Smart Antenna or adaptive array antennas, which
can dynamically generate multiple beam patterns, each of
them is pointed to a particular receiver or in our case, tags
and such beam patterns can adapt to increase or decrease
the beam coverage area intelligently based on the current
requirement of tags.
In order to determine the process of arbitrarily allocating the
power based on tag distance, we have used Water Filling
Algorithm.

10. METHODOLOGY
This paper provides implications and optimized methods to
apply a smart antenna in the RFID system and show how this
can reduce the path loss and fading caused by the distance
between tag and antenna.
We have used PCS extension of Hata model for calculating
the path loss pattern that occurs due to radio propagation.
As a solution to our problem, we have proposed the use of
Adaptive Power Control Algorithm by implementing Smart
Antennas in RFID devices.

11. METHODOLOGY

12. POSSIBLE OUTCOMES
As the simulation with test cases show, the use of Water
filling algorithm for power allocation to tags can lead to
significant improvements in overcoming the distance and
power constraints of the system.
As power is allocated to tags based on their respective
distance from antenna, this optimizes the coverage area of
tags and eventually lead to efficient power distribution to
tags.
The results are shown in graphical notations which shows
the comparison between previously used non adaptive
approach and adaptive approach used in our case.

13. RESULT & DISCUSSION

14. PCS EXTENSION TO HATA MODEL
RECEIVED POWER VS T-R SEPARATION DISTANCE

15. RECEIVED POWER VS TRANSMITTER HEIGHT

16. RECEIVED POWER VS RECEIVER HEIGHT

17. RECEIVED POWER VS T-R(KM) USING ADAPTIVE ALGORITHM FOR TAG 1
Transmit power Pt=2.40 dBm
Received power Pr1= [-100.13 98.48 -96.32 -95.45 -93.67 89.89 -85.75 -81.55 -76.89]
Transmit power Pt=3 dBm
Received power Pr2= [-106.22 104.47 -102.50 -100.28 -97.72 94.69 -90.97 -86.17 -79.41]
Loss L= [105.50 103.28 100.72
97.69 93.97 89.17 82.41]

18. RECEIVED POWER VS T-R(KM) USING ADAPTIVE ALGORITHM FOR TAG 2
Transmitted Power Pt= 2.875
dBm
Received power Pr1= [102.625 -100.405 -97.845 94.815 -91.095 -86.295 79.535 -70.234 -59.432]
Transmit power Pt= 3 dBm
Received Power Pr2= [106.22 -104.47 -102.50 100.28 -97.72 -94.69 -90.97 86.17 -79.41]
Loss L= [105.50 103.28
100.72 97.69 93.97 89.17
82.41]

19. RECEIVED POWER VS T-R(KM) USING ADAPTIVE ALGORITHM FOR TAG 3
Transmit Power Pt= 2.70
dBm
Received Power Pr1=[-98.535
-96.234 -94.432 -92.532 -89.53
-87.54 -82.65 -76.13 -70.48]
Transmit Power Pt= 3 dBm
Received Power Pr2= [106.22 -104.47 -102.50 100.28 -97.72 -94.69 -90.97 86.17 -79.41]
Loss L= [109.22 107.47
105.50 103.28 100.72 97.69
93.97 89.17 82.41]

20. RECEIVED POWER VS T-R(KM) USING ADAPTIVE ALGORITHM FOR ALL TAGS

21. CONCLUSION
Our paper presents a proposal for improving the tag
detection and power distribution process of RFID tag by
using Smart antenna technology. As an improvement
measure, we have proposed implementation of adaptive
algorithm which could estimate the variable distances of tag
from the reader and distribute power to tags based on this
calculation.

22. THANK YOU
FOR YOUR
COOPERATION