1. Global Water Supply Threat
Vorosmarty et al Nature 2010
The global percentage of dry areas has increased by
about 1.74% (of global land area) per decade (11%)
from 1950 to 2008. Aiguo Dai. J.Geophysical Res 2011
2. Happiness and GDP
Percentage very happy United States
Real income
per person
Percentage
very happy
Source: Layard (2005)
“Americans have been more successful decoupling GDP from
happiness than in decoupling it from material and energy” —
Peter Victor 2
3. Fossil and Cement Emissions
Global fossil and cement emissions: 9.5±0.5PgC in 2011, 54% over 1990
Projection for 2012: 9.7±0.5PgC, 58% over 1990
Uncertainty is ±5% for one standard deviation (IPCC “likely” range)
Source: Peters et al. 2012a; Le Quéré et al. 2012; CDIAC Data; Global Carbon Project 2012
4. The recent shift from coal to gas in the USA
The recent shift from coal to gas in the US could “kick start” mitigation
To keep below 2ºC requires a shift to technologies with lower emissions
Grey areas are: World War I, Great Depression, World War II, oil shocks
Source: Peters et al. 2012a; CDIAC Data; Global Carbon Project 2012
5. Emissions from coal, oil, gas, cement
Emissions growth 2000-2011: coal (4.9%/yr), oil (1.1%/yr), gas (2.7%/yr),
cement (6.9%/yr), flaring (4.3%/yr, not shown)
Share of global
emissions in 2011
Source: CDIAC Data; Le Quéré et al. 2012; Global Carbon Project 2012
6. Top Fossil Fuel Emitters (Absolute)
Top four emitters in 2011 covered 62% of global emissions
China (28%), United States (16%), EU27 (11%), India (7%)
The growing gap between EU27 and USA is due to emission decreases in Germany (45% of the
1990-2011 cumulative difference), UK (19%), Romania (13%), Czech Republic (8%), and Poland
(5%)
7. Major flows from Production to Consumption
Start of Arrow: fossil-fuel consumption (production)
End of arrow: goods and services consumption
Values for 2007. EU27 is treated as one region. Units: TgC=PgC/1000
Source: Peters et al 2012b
8. Major flows from Extraction to Consumption
Start of Arrow: fossil-fuel extraction
End of arrow: goods and services consumption
Arrow scaling different in previous figure
Values for 2007. EU27 is treated as one region. Units: TgC=PgC/1000
Source: Peters et al 2012b
9. Since 1986:
Western Fire Season 78 days longer
4X Increase in Fires > 1000acres
6X Increase in Acres Burned
> Increase in Forests above 6500ft
12. Energy Efficiency Works
Per Capita Electricity Consumption
14,000
United States
12,000
10,000
kWh/person
8,000 California
6,000
4,000
2,000
-
1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004
Source: California Energy Commission, 2005
Editor's Notes
Data are now widely available from surveys of happiness and life satisfaction In these surveys, people are asked to rate their level of happiness or life satisfaction on a numerical scale (from 1-10 for example) If we look at these data over time for countries like the U.S. or UK, we find that although GDP per capita has more than tripled since 1950, people have not become any happier “ Americans have been more successful decoupling GDP from happiness than in decoupling it from material and energy” The chart is from Layard, R., 2005. Happiness: lessons from a new science . Penguin Press, New York, p. 30. The quote is from: Victor, P.A., 2008. Managing Without Growth: Slower by Design, Not Disaster . Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK, p. 125.