Paper present an analysis showing the performance of different pv module with respect to change in tilt angle

1. Performance Analysis of Mono Crystalline Silicon Technology with Different Orientation System Using PVSYST
Abstract:-The aim of this paper is to present the Performance analysis of mono-crystalline silicon technology with different orientation system using PVSYSTsimulation work. The PV technology encompasses a variety of technologies including monocrystalline (single crystal), polycrystalline (multiple crystal), cadmium telluride, gallium arsenide, or amorphous silicon deposited as a thin film. In this paper I will discuss about monocrystalline silicon technology in which they include monocrystalline silicon PV technology. Mono-crystalline silicon technology is used to manufacture high performance solar cell and it is widely used for the Solar PV. This is also known as single crystal Si technology. A typical mono- crystalline cell has higher efficiency than the other technologies, so it requires less area for the same installed power. However there is a drawback of mono-crystalline PV cell which is it only covert DNI (Direct normal irradiance) and this results to decrease in generation in the morning and evening hours. Earth changes its position daily with reference to sun from east to west and yearly from north to south and this change in earth’s position changes the solar irradiance angle falling on the earth. Tracking systems are used to capture maximum sun irradiance so that the generation of a solar PV increases. In market, there are different types of tracking system are available which track the sun position on different axis. An electricity generation comparison of a typical solar PV plant with different tracking system, such as seasonal tilt, single axis tracking and double axis tracking with reference to fixed solar panel plant without any change in other parameters, is analyzed in this paper using PVSYST and bar graph is used to show the electricity generation comparison. PVSYST is solar PV simulation software and well equipped to perform solar PV system design and it is widely used by the solar industry.
Keywords: Silicon Mono, tracking systems, PVSYST, Performance Ratio, generation
I. INTRODUCTION Monocrystalline silicon technology is oldest technology of solar PV cell and still the most popular and efficient. These are called mono-crystalline solar cells because the cells are sliced from large single crystals that have been painstakingly grown under carefully controlled conditions. These crystals are grown and cut from a piece of continuous crystal into thin slices between 0.2 and 0.3 mm thick. They are often seen in the shape of a hexagon, but may be rounded or seen as other shapes in order to reduce the amount of material wasted. Since each cell is cut from a single crystal, the colour is seen as a uniform dark blue, or black as in the case with some SunPower brand panels.Mono-crystalline modules typically have higher conversion efficiencies compared to other technologies[1].Typically, the cells are a few inches across, and a number of cells are laid out in a grid to create a panel. Relative to the other types of cells, they have a higher efficiency (up to 24), meaning you will obtain more electricity from a given area of panel. Production methods have improved though, and prices for raw silicon as well as to build panels from mono- crystalline solar cells have fallen a great deal over the years, however, growing large crystals of pure silicon is a difficult and very energy-intensive process, so the production costs for this type of panel is still higher that the all other solar panel types.Generation analysis for the mono-crystalline silicon is done on PVSYST software. PVSYST is solar PV simulation software and well equipped to perform solar PV system design and it is widely used by the solar industry. Data is included for certain stations and new data set can be created by importing data. PVSYST has a preliminary and a project design mode, and thepreliminary mode can be used to get an approximate value of radiation and
Fig. 1 Monocrystalline silicon
power output from the system. The project design mode allows for user defined losses, inverter efficiency, shading analysis and several other variables which provide a more accurate output.The software has the following three main modules:
A. Preliminary design
This is a simple tool for grid, stand-alone or pumping system pre-sizing. Upon user's requirements like
Gaurav Kumar Sharma** NitikaGarg*
**Renewable Energy Consultant *Assitant Professor
1g.sharma5341@gmail.com,2nitsgarg_21@yahoo.co.in

2. energy/water needs and "Loss of load" probability, and very few other input parameters, this provides the PV- system component sizes evaluates the monthly production and performances, and performs a preliminary economic evaluation of the PV system.
B. Project design
This is used for performing detailed simulation in hourly values, including an easy-to-use expert system, which helps the user to define the PV-field and to choose the right components. This produces a complete printable Report with all parameter and main results.
C. Tools
This module performs the database meteorological and components management. It provides also a wide choice of general solar tools (solar geometry, meteorological on tilted planes,etc), as well as a powerful mean of importing real data measured on existing PV systems for close comparisons with simulated values[2].
II. NEED OF TRACKING TECHNOLOGIES IN SOLAR POWER PLANTS
The solar tracker can be used for several application such as solar cells, solar day-lighting system and solar thermal arrays [4]. The solar tracker is very useful for device that needs more sunlight for higher efficiency such as solar cell. Many of the solar panels had been positioned on a fixed surface such as a roof. As sun is a moving object, this approach is not the best method. One of the solutions is to actively track the sun using a sun tracking device to move the solar panel to follow the Sun. With the Sun always facing the panel, the maximum energy can be absorbed, as the panel is operating at their greatest efficiency [5].There is a drawback of mono-crystalline PV cell which is it only covert DNI (Direct normal irradiance) to electricity and this results to decrease in generation in the early morning and late evening hours. So, effectively actual generation decreases and to cover these losses different types of sun tracking systems are used.
A. Fixed tilted plane: This is a very basic and common plane. Solar panels are installed on the fixed structure, however, structure is design with an optimized tilt angle and this angle is dependent on the particular location.Fixed tilt structure model is shown in Fig. 3with their angles
Fig. 3 Fixed tilted angle plane
B. Seasonal tilt angle adjustment: This plane is anupgraded version of the fixed tilted angle plane. This plane comes with the option of different tilt angles, generally two options are available, one for winter and other for summer. Structure tilt angle is optimized for different seasons as shown in Fig.4
Fig. 4Seasonal tilt angle plane
C. Single axis tracking System: Sun travels through 3600 east-west a day. For a particular location, a PV plant can use sun energy max for 1800(This means 12 hour in a day). Height of sun in the morning and evening is less which leads to deviation from the optimal tilt. A PVSYST analysis clearly shows the variation in the available energy from the sun for a fixed tilted plane in dawn and sunset
Fig. 5Single axis tracking system
As the name itself describe that single axis trackers track sun only for one direction as shown in Fig 5and Fig 6.

3. Fig. 6 Energy variation in Single axis tracking system
Double axis tracking: The two-axis motion mechanism consists of azimuth rotation axis perpendicular to the horizon plane and altitude rotation axis, which parallel to the horizon plane. The altitude axis is fastened on and perpendicular to the azimuth axis[3]. Sun travels through 3600 east-west a day and it also travels 460 from north to south over the period of year. Single axis trackers do not track sun for both the axis, so, to overcome this demerit double axis tracking system is used. Double tracking system tracks sun in both directions as shown in Fig.7.
Fig. 7 Double axis tracking system
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Solar power plant behaviour depends on many factors like project site, quality of module, quality of inverter, wiring and sun tracking system. The aim of this paper is to analyse the performanceof solar power plant with different tracking system and other parameters are put constant for this analysis.This analysis is done for a grid connected system of rating 1 MW DC. Module, inverter and other specification are discussed below:
Location information: Rannof Kachchh, Gujarat.Latitude and longitude are 24 and 701 respectively.
Module: 240Wp 34V Si-mono Sun Power modules (SPR-240E-BLK-D) are used for the analysis. Sun power is one of the largest manufactures of solar PV modules in the world so it is better to take sun power module for
analysis purpose.Approximately4170 modules are required for the 1MW plant.
Inverter: 500 KW, 450-820 V, SMA (Sunny Central 500MV-11) central inverter is used. Total nos of inverter will be required for the 1MW plant is 2.
There are 15 modules are connected in series and 278 strings to match the modules output power with the inverter input requirement.
Fixed tilt structure system: tilt; 230.System will generate 1653 MWH/ year and performance ratio is 76.4%
For Seasonal tilt structure system: summer 10o and winter 35o. System will suppose to generate 1715 MWh/yr with 76.3% performance ratio.

4. Single axis tracking: minimum tilt is 10o and max tilt is 60o.
Double axis tracking system: Frame minimum and maximum tilt is 10o and 60o respectively and rotating phi limits are -50o to 50o.
IV. CONCLUSIONS
With the use of different tracking systems cell will phase more direct light, so, electricity generation of mono- crystalline cell increases. For 1 MW plant consider for the analysis purpose, generates 1.653 GWh/year with fixed tilt structure. When seasonal tilt is used with optimized angels same plant generates 3.8% more (1.715 GWh/year) than fixed tilt. When single axis tracking system is used it generates 4.9% (1.734 GWh/year) more than fixed tilt and when double axis tracking system is used plant generates 28 % (2.116 GWh/year) more than fixed tilt plane.The graph is clearly showing the generation, performance ratio comparison with the different tracking systems and it also shows percentage increase in generation from fixed tilt plane
REFERENCES
[1] http://www.solar-facts-and-advice.com/solar-cells.html
[2] http://www.pvsyst.com/5.2/index.php (accessed on 15th July 2010)
[3] Huifeng Jiao, Jianzhong Fu, Yuchun Li, Jintao Lai, Design of Automatic Two-axis Sun-tracking System, 2010, pp. 978-981
[4] A.K. Saxena and V. Dutta, “A versatile microprocessor based controller for solar tracking,” in Proc. IEEE, 1990, pp. 1105 – 1109.
[5] S. J. Hamilton, “Sun-tracking solar cell array system,” Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Queensland, Bachelors Thesis, 1999..