D3D10 Unleashed: New Features and Effects David Tuft Program Manager Direct 3D

Outline Direct3D 10 Design Imperatives Features and Capabilities Applications

Direct3D 10

Design Imperatives

Features and Capabilities

Applications

No single graphics hardware target CPU-bound games and applications Bandwidth and CPU cycles are the bottleneck in multiple areas (physics, AI) Large amount of CPU resources spent directing the GPU The Situation Today GPU CPU

No single graphics hardware target

CPU-bound games and applications

Bandwidth and CPU cycles are the bottleneck in multiple areas (physics, AI)

Large amount of CPU resources spent directing the GPU

The Situation Today No single graphics hardware target CPU-bound games and applications Bandwidth and CPU cycles are the bottleneck in multiple areas (physics, AI) Large amount of CPU resources spent directing the GPU GPU overly-specialized

No single graphics hardware target

CPU-bound games and applications

Bandwidth and CPU cycles are the bottleneck in multiple areas (physics, AI)

Large amount of CPU resources spent directing the GPU

GPU overly-specialized

Direct3D 10 Unleashing the power of the GPU Consistency – guarantee a common feature-set with strict requirements Performance – Render MORE objects, materials, clutter, vegetation, shadows with LESS CPU cycles, stalls, and bandwidth cost Visual Effects – unprecedented graphics Capability – empower the GPU to handle a new series of applications

Consistency – guarantee a common feature-set with strict requirements

Performance –

Render MORE

objects, materials, clutter, vegetation, shadows

with LESS

CPU cycles, stalls, and bandwidth cost

Visual Effects – unprecedented graphics

Capability – empower the GPU to handle a new series of applications

Consistency Completely Re-architected NO CAPS! No more fixed function Strict rasterization and floating point rules Logical, straightforward, but still powerful

Completely Re-architected

NO CAPS!

No more fixed function

Strict rasterization and floating point rules

Logical, straightforward, but still powerful

Core layer Validation moved from set add draw time to create time Debug layer No behavior changes between layers No perf hit when disabled Switch-to-reference layer Thread-safe layer Consistency Layered Design

Core layer

Validation moved from set add draw time to create time

Debug layer

No behavior changes between layers

No perf hit when disabled

Switch-to-reference layer

Thread-safe layer

Consistency No half texel offset! Texture coordinates match the pixel positions

No half texel offset!

Texture coordinates match the pixel positions

State grouping Validation Minimal at draw time Necessary at state creation time Lots in debug layer Lower API overhead allows for less draw time hit Performance Small Batch

State grouping

Validation

Minimal at draw time

Necessary at state creation time

Lots in debug layer

Lower API overhead allows for less draw time hit

The cores are yours Create all needed depth stencil objects at init time Set when needed SetRenderState( D3DRS_STENCILENABLE ) SetRenderSTate( D3DRS_STENCILMASK ) ID3D10Device::CreateDepthStencilState() OMSetDepthStencilState() State grouped to match hardware Performance State Grouping Depth Stencil DepthEnable DepthFunc DepthWriteMask StencilEnable StencilReadMask StencilWriteMask FrontFace BackFace

The cores are yours

Create all needed depth stencil objects at init time

Set when needed

SetRenderState( D3DRS_STENCILENABLE )

SetRenderSTate( D3DRS_STENCILMASK )

ID3D10Device::CreateDepthStencilState()

OMSetDepthStencilState()

State grouped to match hardware

Reduce state-change overhead by grouping state into immutable objects Input layout Format, Offset, InstanceDataStepRate, … Rasterizer Cull Mode, Multisample Enable, Fill Mode, … DepthStencil Depth Enable, Depth Func, Stencil Masks, … Blend SrcBlend, DestBlend, BlendOp, … Sampler (No longer bound to a specific texture) Filter Mode, MinLOD, MaxLOD,… Performance State Grouping

Reduce state-change overhead by grouping state into immutable objects

Input layout

Format, Offset, InstanceDataStepRate, …

Rasterizer

Cull Mode, Multisample Enable, Fill Mode, …

DepthStencil

Depth Enable, Depth Func, Stencil Masks, …

Blend

SrcBlend, DestBlend, BlendOp, …

Sampler (No longer bound to a specific texture)

Filter Mode, MinLOD, MaxLOD,…

D3D10_USAGE_ IMMUTABLE = never updated Create time update Bound is input DEFAULT = updated < once per frame Update via UpdateSubresource DYNAMIC = update >= once per frame Update with map / unmap STAGING = fast read back path Can’t bind or write to in pipeline Performance Resource Usage

D3D10_USAGE_

IMMUTABLE = never updated

Create time update

Bound is input

DEFAULT = updated < once per frame

Update via UpdateSubresource

DYNAMIC = update >= once per frame

Update with map / unmap

STAGING = fast read back path

Can’t bind or write to in pipeline

Texture Arrays Format Reinterpretation Stream Output Resource Views Input Assembler Immediate offset on Memory Access Integer/Bitwise Instructions Comparison Filtering Constant Buffers State Objects Visual Effects GPU Features! Shared-Exponent HDR Compression (RGBE) Block-Compressed Formats for bump/normal maps 128 texture slots 8 Render targets More interstage communication Instance, Vertex, Primitive identifiers Per-primitive Clip distance Predicated Rendering Alpha-to-Coverage Multisample Readback Better cubemap filtering Input Assembler … Input Assembler Vertex Buffer Index Buffer Texture Texture Texture Depth/Stencil Render Target Stream Output Vertex Shader Geometry Shader Rasterizer/ Interpolator Pixel Shader Output Merger

Texture Arrays

Format Reinterpretation

Stream Output

Resource Views

Input Assembler

Immediate offset on Memory Access

Integer/Bitwise Instructions

Comparison Filtering

Constant Buffers

State Objects

New Unified Shader Core Have the same functionality On some cards, all shader stages use the same cores Comparison-Sample instruction Percentage-Closer shadow Filtering Immediate offset (up to +/-8) on Texture/Buffer load Custom filter kernels Resource info Returns height, width, # of miplevels, arraysize for the resource view More of everything Inter-stage registers, samplers, textures Unlimited instruction count Visual Effects The Shader Core

New Unified Shader Core

Have the same functionality

On some cards, all shader stages use the same cores

Comparison-Sample instruction

Percentage-Closer shadow Filtering

Immediate offset (up to +/-8) on Texture/Buffer load

Custom filter kernels

Resource info

Returns height, width, # of miplevels, arraysize for the resource view

More of everything

Inter-stage registers, samplers, textures

Unlimited instruction count

Shader Model 4.0 A new level of programmability Full integer/bitwise instruction set Massively parallel image and data processing Custom decompression schemes Buffer load – CPU-like unfiltered memory access Switch statements

Full integer/bitwise instruction set

Massively parallel image and data processing

Custom decompression schemes

Buffer load – CPU-like unfiltered memory access

Switch statements

New Resource Types: Texture Arrays Dynamically indexable in the shader Whole array can be set as a render target or as a texture input

Dynamically indexable in the shader

Whole array can be set as a render target or as a texture input

Views enable interpretation of resources at different bind locations Resource Views Resource views example: cubemap

Views enable interpretation of resources at different bind locations

Resource Views Resource in D3D10 are generally typeless Resource must be interpreted as a specific type by obtaining a view of the resource Allows you to reinterpret data in a different format Forces type validation earlier in setup Don’t have to re-validate on every draw

Resource in D3D10 are generally typeless

Resource must be interpreted as a specific type by obtaining a view of the resource

Allows you to reinterpret data in a different format

Forces type validation earlier in setup

Don’t have to re-validate on every draw

Geometry Shader Amplification and De-Amplification Emits primitives of a specified output type (point, linestrip, trianglestrip) Limited geometry amplification/de-amplification: Output 0-1024 values per invocation No more 1-in / 1-out limit! Shadow Volumes Fur/Fins Procedural Geometry/Detailing All-GPU Particle Systems Point Sprites Geometry Shader

Emits primitives of a specified output type (point, linestrip, trianglestrip)

Limited geometry amplification/de-amplification: Output 0-1024 values per invocation

No more 1-in / 1-out limit!

Shadow Volumes

Fur/Fins

Procedural Geometry/Detailing

All-GPU Particle Systems

Point Sprites

The New Pipeline Direct3D10 – Geometry Shader Access to the whole primitive Triangle Line Point With adjacency

Access to the whole primitive

Triangle

Line

Point

With adjacency

Geometry Shader Example Shadow volume generation

Geometry Shader Example Generalized displacement maps Normal mapping (Direct3D 9)

Normal mapping (Direct3D 9)

Geometry Shader Example Generalized displacement maps Displacement Mapping (Direct3D 10)

Displacement Mapping (Direct3D 10)

Render-To-Volume Geometry Shader

Stream Out Amplification from GS/VS can be directed into a buffer Generated geometry easily redrawn using DrawAuto() command with no CPU intervention DrawAuto()

Amplification from GS/VS can be directed into a buffer

Generated geometry easily redrawn using DrawAuto() command with no CPU intervention

FX10 D3D 10 runtime is optimized, and it is significantly faster and leaner No hidden performance cliffs; Any slow paths will be reported in debug Better reflection You can retrieve almost anything from an Effect Reflection metadata can be discarded— no performance or memory cost at run time

D3D 10 runtime is optimized, and it is significantly faster and leaner

No hidden performance cliffs; Any slow paths will be reported in debug

Better reflection

You can retrieve almost anything from an Effect

Reflection metadata can be discarded— no performance or memory cost at run time

FX10 Pipeline Requirements All State Commands: IASetVertexBuffers/SetIndexBuffer IASetPrimitiveTopology {VS|GS|PS}SetShader {VS|GS|PS}SetShaderResources {VS|GS|PS}SetConstantBuffers {VS|GS|PS}SetSamplers SOSetTargets RSSetState RSSetViewports/ScissorRects OMSetRenderTargets OMSetBlendState OMSetDepthStencilState

All State Commands:

IASetVertexBuffers/SetIndexBuffer

IASetPrimitiveTopology

{VS|GS|PS}SetShader

{VS|GS|PS}SetShaderResources

{VS|GS|PS}SetConstantBuffers

{VS|GS|PS}SetSamplers

SOSetTargets

RSSetState

RSSetViewports/ScissorRects

OMSetRenderTargets

OMSetBlendState

OMSetDepthStencilState

FX10 Pipeline Requirements All State Commands: IASetVertexBuffers/SetIndexBuffer IASetPrimitiveTopology {VS|GS|PS}SetShader {VS|GS|PS}SetShaderResources {VS|GS|PS}SetConstantBuffers {VS|GS|PS}SetSamplers SOSetTargets RSSetState RSSetViewports/ScissorRects OMSetRenderTargets OMSetBlendState OMSetDepthStencilState

All State Commands:

IASetVertexBuffers/SetIndexBuffer

IASetPrimitiveTopology

{VS|GS|PS}SetShader

{VS|GS|PS}SetShaderResources

{VS|GS|PS}SetConstantBuffers

{VS|GS|PS}SetSamplers

SOSetTargets

RSSetState

RSSetViewports/ScissorRects

OMSetRenderTargets

OMSetBlendState

OMSetDepthStencilState

Constant Buffers Constants now managed like vertex/texture data Updated efficiently via lock/discard or UpdateResourceUP Set like any other resource Up to 4096 4-channel × 32-bit elements per CB Create as many CBs as you want; 16 can be bound to a shader at once A C B D A B B A D C Constant Buffers Shader A Shader B

Constants now managed like vertex/texture data

Updated efficiently via lock/discard or UpdateResourceUP

Set like any other resource

Up to 4096 4-channel × 32-bit elements per CB

Create as many CBs as you want; 16 can be bound to a shader at once

Constant Buffers Example HLSL Syntax Variables still exist in the global namespace arrayIndex = 4; myObject.arrayIndex = 4; cbuffer myObject { float4x4 matWorld; float3 vObjectPosition; int arrayIndex; } cbuffer myScene { float3 vSunPosition; float4x4 matView; }

Example HLSL Syntax

Variables still exist in the global namespace

arrayIndex = 4;

myObject.arrayIndex = 4;

Additional Features

Queries & Predicates Many events and stats gathered by runtime Command completion Object Occlusion (in samples rendered) Pipeline Stats Commands can be queued depending on the result of the query Called a Predicate

Many events and stats gathered by runtime

Command completion

Object Occlusion (in samples rendered)

Pipeline Stats

Commands can be queued depending on the result of the query

Called a Predicate

Example: Predicated Rendering Depending on occlusion query of a bounding geometry( OCCLUSIONPREDICATE ), queue the rendering of a more complex object No CPU involvement required Use PREDICATEHINT to avoid accidental pipeline stall for query result

Depending on occlusion query of a bounding geometry( OCCLUSIONPREDICATE ), queue the rendering of a more complex object

No CPU involvement required

Use PREDICATEHINT to avoid accidental pipeline stall for query result

Direct3D 10 GPU material management Render a multitude of unique materials without taxing the CPU Unlimited instruction length Switch statements Texture arrays Geometry shader Constant buffers Access to material descriptions

Render a multitude of unique materials without taxing the CPU

Unlimited instruction length

Switch statements

Texture arrays

Geometry shader

Constant buffers

Access to material descriptions

Learn About DX10 Material Systems

The Great Divide The PCI “Express” Using the GPU when You can’t pay for bandwidth The cores are busy Particle system animation Collision Detection DSP effects Convolution Bloom Advanced Rendering CPU GPU

Using the GPU when

You can’t pay for bandwidth

The cores are busy

Particle system animation

Collision Detection

DSP effects

Convolution

Bloom

Advanced Rendering

Multiple ways to implemented Geometry shader Stream OUT Amplification, processing done in GS, or VS Render to Texture, with vertex shader position lookup Processing done is PS Capability Particle System

Multiple ways to implemented

Geometry shader Stream OUT

Amplification, processing done in GS, or VS

Render to Texture, with vertex shader position lookup

Processing done is PS

Back to our Goals

Fewer calls needed Geometry Shaders/ Constant Buffers/ Texture Arrays… Remaining calls are fast Massive reduction in state and validation overhead : Validation on CREATION, not on binding Views , State Objects Avoid CPU intervention Predicated Draw() DrawAuto() Lean’n’mean runtime, refactored for performance Small Batch Performance

Fewer calls needed

Geometry Shaders/ Constant Buffers/ Texture Arrays…

Remaining calls are fast

Massive reduction in state and validation overhead :

Validation on CREATION, not on binding

Views , State Objects

Avoid CPU intervention

Predicated Draw()

DrawAuto()

Lean’n’mean runtime, refactored for performance

Strict Specification Strictly-defined, consistent behavior throughout the pipeline IEEE floating-point compliance Includes IEEE754R NaN-quashing Min/Max instructions Precise FP32 sampling/blending/math/conversion rules. Ex: FP32 shader ops – precise to 1.0 ULP FP32 to Integer – precise to 0.6 ULP per op FP16 blending - precise to 0.6 ULP per op FP32 blending required Exact line/triangle/AA rasterization rules

Strictly-defined, consistent behavior throughout the pipeline

IEEE floating-point compliance

Includes IEEE754R NaN-quashing Min/Max instructions

Precise FP32 sampling/blending/math/conversion rules. Ex:

FP32 shader ops – precise to 1.0 ULP

FP32 to Integer – precise to 0.6 ULP per op

FP16 blending - precise to 0.6 ULP per op

FP32 blending required

Exact line/triangle/AA rasterization rules

GPU Exploitation API specifically designed to enable pushing any computations onto GPU Of course, it’s up to you! Extra pipeline stage: Geometry Shader Minimized CPU interaction. Get the pipeline flowing and leave it alone

API specifically designed to enable pushing any computations onto GPU

Of course, it’s up to you!

Extra pipeline stage: Geometry Shader

Minimized CPU interaction.

Get the pipeline flowing and leave it alone

Call to Action Try out the new API Get the SDK! http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/xna/aa937788.aspx

Try out the new API

Get the SDK!

http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/xna/aa937788.aspx

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