2. To stay well , we must have healthy
habits.
We must :
• Sleep 8 or 9 hours every night.
• Eat a balanced diet.
• Eat five meals a day.
• Wash our hands before meals.
• Breathe fresh air.
• Brush our teeth.
3. Health is a state of physical
and mental well- being.
Illness is the opposite of
health.
Symptoms, like coughs, pain
or fever, tell us that our
bodies are ill .
4. TYPES OF ILLNESS
• Non –infectious illnesses .
• Infectious illnesses are caused by harmful
bacteria or viruses .
1-Contagious
2-Non-contagious
BACTERIA
Bacteria are unicellular micro-organisms.
• Beneficial bacteria
• Harmful bacteria
OTHER MICRO-ORGANISMS
They can be unicellular or multicellular .
• Amoebae
• Plasmodia
• Candida
• Fungi
5. A virus is not a micro-organism.
It causes infectious illnesses.
It is not a living thing but it needs other
living things to carry out its
life processes .
We need a microscope to see
a virus
6. Vaccines introduce into our
bodies the micro-organism or
virus that is making us ill.
The body reacts to the virus
and produces substances to
destroy it .
7. Pathogenic micro-organisms can enter our bodies
in different ways :
• Through the respiratory system .
• Through the digestive system .
• Through wounds.
HOW CAN WE PREVENT INFECTIONS ?
• Disinfect wounds .
• Wash your hands before eating .
• Wash uncooked food .
• Cover your mouth when you cough or sneeze
• Do not share eating utensils .
HOW DO WE TREAT INFECTIONS ?
• Infections caused by bacteria are treated with
antibiotics .
• Infections caused by fungi are treated with anti-
fungal medicines .
• Infections caused by viruses are only treated
with medicines that help to reduce symptoms .
8. • It is important to have a first aid kit at home
to treat minor injuries.
It should include the following items :
Thermometer
Sterile gauze
Bandages
Cloth adhesive tape
Disposable gloves
Antiseptic
Cotton wool
Creams for insect bites and burns
Tweezers
Round tip scissors
Alcohol
Plasters
Hydrogen peroxide
