2. (a) Based on table 1.1, draw a graph of the volume of hydrogen gas against time.
Berdasarkan Jadual 1.1 lukis graf isipadu gas hydrogen melawan masa.
[3 marks]

6. Question Marking Criteria Mark
2(a) 1.4 ± 0.1 1
(b) Able to relate manipulated variable and responding variable 1
correctly
The further the distance of the object, the smaller the size of the
image.
Semakin jauh jarak objek, semakin kecil saiz imej
1. Any value less than 0.7 cm 1
(c)
2. Becomes smaller // smaller than // smaller (Semakin kecil)
(d)
2 characteristics :
1. Real ( Sahih)
2. Inverted // Inverse (terbalik / Songsang / tertonggeng)
2
3. Diminished // Smaller (lebih kecil )
[Mana-mana dua]
JUMLAH 5

8. Question Marking Criteria Mark

9. 3(a)(i) Able to state the manipulated variable correctly
pH value // acid, alkali, distilled water // mixture or contents in
P, Q and R. 1
(ii) Able to state the constant variable correctly
1. Type / volume of Bacteria culture (Jenis kultur bacteria) 1
2. Volume of substance / solution (Isipadu dlm tabung uji)
3. Nutrient broth (bubur nutrient)
4. Temperature // time
Able to state the best condition for bacterial growth correctly 1
(b)(i) 1. Neutral // pH 7 // distilled water // (Test tube ) R
Able to state the inference correctly
(ii) 1
1. The most suitable condition for bacterial growth is
neutral condition / pH 7
Keadaan paling sesuai bagi pertumbuhan bacteria ialah
pada keadaan neutral / pH 7
2. Acidic / Alkaline condition / pH ˂ 7 / pH ˃ 7 is not
suitable for bacterial growth
Pertumbuhan bacteria ialah proses yang menyebabkan
bubur nutrient menjadi kurang keruh pada pH ˂ 7 / pH ˃ 7
3. Bacteria growth increase in neutral pH value.
Pertumbuhan bacteria bertambah pada nilai pH 7 / neutral 1
Able to state the operational definition of bacterial growth
(c)
correctly
1. Bacterial growth is a process which caused nutrient
broth to become very cloudy at pH 7.
2. Bacterial growth is a process which caused nutrient
broth to become slighty cloudy at pH ˂ 7 / pH ˃ 7
JUMLAH 5

19. SPM 2006
SECTION C QUESTION 10
Study the following statements.
Kaji pernyataan berikut.
An alloy and a pure metal have a different corrosive resistance characteristics.
Aloi dan logam tulen mempunyai sifat tahan kakisan yang berbeza.
You are given an iron nail, a steel nail and sodium chloride solution.
Anda diberikan sebatang paku besi, sebatang paku keluli dan larutan natrium klorida.
(a ) Suggest a hypothesis to investigate the above statement. [1 mark]
Cadangkan satu hipotesis untuk menyiasat pernyataan di atas.
(b) Describe an experiment to test your hypothesis in 10(a) based on the following criteria.
Huraikan satu eksperimen untuk menguji hipotesis anda di 10 (a) berpandukan criteria berikut.
(i) Aim of the experiment [1 mark]
Tujuan eksperimen
(ii) Indentification of variables [2 marks]
Mengenalpasti pembolehubah
(iii) List of apparatus and materials [1mark]
Senarai radas dan bahan
(iv) Procedure or method [ 4 marks]
Prosedur atau kaedah
(v) Tabulation of data [1 mark]
Penjadualan data
ANSWER:
Question No. Marking Criteria Marks
(a)Hypothesis Able to state the relationship between the manipulated variable and
responding variable correctly
1.Steel nail is more resistance to corrosion than iron nail.
Paku keluli lebih tahan kakisan daripada paku besi @
2.Different types of nail have different resistance to corrosion 1
Jenis paku yang berlainan mempunyai sifat tahan hakisan
yang berbeza
(b)(i)AIM Able to state the aim of experiment correctly.
1. To study the effect of alloying on metal.
Untuk mengkaji kesan pengaloian terhadap kakisan logam @
2. To study the resistance to corrosion characteristic between
alloy and pure metal
Untuk mengkaji sifat tahan kakisan antara aloi dengan
1
logam tulen.

20. (ii)VARIABLE
Constant : Concentration of sodium chloride / time/ temperature
Kepekatan Sodium chloride/ masa / suhu
Manipulated: Type of nail (Jenis paku)
Responded : Corrosive condition / rusting
Kadaan kakisan / pengkaratan Max 2
(iii)APPRATUS Beaker (Container)
MATERIAL Steel nail, iron nail, sodium chloride solution 1
(iv) PROCEDURE 1.Fill two test tubes with sodium chloride solution //Diagram
2.Clean iron nail and steel nail
3.Put iron nail into test tube A and steel nail into test tube B //
Diagram
4.Leave the apparatus for two days and record the condition of
the nails. Max 4
(v)Data Type of nail
Corrosive condition / rusting
1
Iron nail
Steel nail
TOTAL 10 m
SPM 2007 (QUESTION 11)
11(a) Explain the effect of disposal of toxic substances from factories to the environment .
Terangkan kesan pembuangan bahan toksik daripada kilang terhadap alam sekitar.
[4 marks]
(b) Most domestic waste such as paper is disposed of by open burning. Open burning will
cause air pollution. Explain methods to overcome this problem.
Kebanyakan bahan buangan domestic seprti kertas dilupuskan dengan cara pembakaran terbuka.
Pembakaran terbuka akan menyebabkan pencemaran udara. Terangkan kaedah untuk mengatasi
masalah ini.
Your explaination should include the following aspects:
Penerangan anda hendaklah mengandungi aspek-aspek berikut:
• Identify the problem [1 mark]
Kenal pasti masalah
• Explain two methods to solve the problem [4 marks]
Terangkan dua kaedah penyelesaian
• Choose the best method and explain your choice [1 mark]
Pilih kaedah terbaik dan jelaskan pilihan anda

21. ANSWER:
(a) P1 Cause acid rain / Lower the pH of soil/water.
P2 Destroy habitat
P3 Destroy plant / animal
P4 Damage building
P5 Affect the beauty of environment
P6 Cause green house effect / global warming / increase the earth atmosphere temperature
P7 Cause water / air pollution // River pollution // Dirty River
P8 Death aquatic organism [ max 4 marks]
(b) (i) Identify the problem
P1 Open burning of paper waste product will cause air pollution.
P2 Many domestic waste such as paper are disposed by open burning. [1 mark]
(ii) Explain two methods to solve problem
M1 Incinerator
E1 The paper waste product is burnt in a specific place
M2 Recycle
E2 Reprocess or reuse waste product
M3 Buried Underground
E3 Waste product is buried underground
2M2E [4 marks]
Example : E1 M1
The (paper waste product is burn) in (incinerator)
E3 M3
(Waste product is buried ) (Underground)
(ii) Choose the best mthod and explain your choice.
Recycle / Incenerator / Buried underground
It does not cause any pollution to environment / water / air
Or // reduce / minimixe any pollution to environment [1 mark]
SPM 2005 (QUESTION 12)
12(a) A farmer finds the produce from his fruit farm increases. The fruit is sent to a factory to be
processd. State two methods that can be used to process the fruit. Explain the methods.
[4 marks]
Seorang petani mendapati hasil buah-buahan dari ladangnya telah meningkat. Hasilnya dihantar ke
kilang untuk diproses. Nyatakan dua kaedah yang boleh digunakan untuk memproses buah-buahan
itu. Jelaskan kaedah itu.
(c) The fruit farm is situated on hillsides. After several years, soil erosion takes place on his
farm. Explain how the farmer overcomes the soil problem on his farm. Your answer should
include the following :
Ladang buah-buahan itu terletak di cerun bukit. Selepas beberapa tahun hakisan tanah berlaku di
ladangnya. Jawapan anda hendaklah mengandungi perkara berikut:
• Identify the problem [1 mark]
Megenal pasti masalah

22. • Clarification of the problem [1 mark]
Penjelasan masalah
• Solving methods [3 marks]
Kaedah-kaedah penyelesaian
• Choose the best method and explain your choice [1 mark]
Pilih kaedah terbaik dan jelaskan pilihan anda.
ANSWER:
(a) Two methods that can be used to process the fruit
K1 Canning (Pengetinan)
P1 The fruits are (clean up, cut and) heated at high temperature retard the growth of
microorganisms.
Buah-buahan dipanaskan /distimkan pada suhu yang tinggi
K2 Preservation (Penjerukan)
P2 The fruits are cleaned up , cut and soaked in a concentrated salt and sugar
Buah-buahan dicampur dengan gula @ garam
K3 Irradiation (Penyinaran)
P3 Gamma /Radioactive ray is used to kill the microorganism.
Mendedahkan makanan kepada sinar gamma / radioaktif untuk membunuh
Mikroorganisma
K4 Vacuum Package (Pembungkusan vakum)
P4 Food is packaged or sealed in a container without air
Makanan dibungkus atau dimasukkan ke dalam bekas tanpa udara
(b) Identify the problem and clarification of the problem
The fruit farm is situated on hillside, the soil erosion occurs in the farm.
Ladang buah-buahan dicerun bukit mudah terhakis.
Solving method
1. Planting cover crops or grass to prevent soil erosion
Menanam tanaman penutup bumi / menanam rumput
2. Contour concrete at the side of the terrace to prevent the land from collapse
Menggunakan kaedah tanaman kontur
3. Membina banteng / tembok
4. Menggunakan penutup plastic
5. Membina parit / saliran
Choose the best method
K1 Planting over crops P1 because it can control the water flow
Tanaman tutup bumi kerana mengawal pengaliran air
K2 Tutup dengan plastic P2 Mengelak tanah dihanyutkan
SPM 2007 (QUESTION 12)
12(a) Explain the chain structure of the polymers in a thermoset. State two properties of a
thermoset
that are caused by the chain structure of the polymer. [4 marks]
Terangkan struktur rantai polimer dalam suatu termoset. Nyatakan dua sifat termoset yang disebabkan
oleh struktur rantai polimer tersebut.

23. (b)Diagram 12 shows four types of objects made of thermoplastic.
Rajah 12 menunjukkan empat jenis objek yang diperbuat daripada termoplastik.
Study the objects in Diagram 12 and construct the concept of thermoplastic.
Your answer should be based on the following aspects.
Kaji objek-objek dalam Rajah 12 dan bina konsep termoplastik. Jawapan anda hendaklah
berdasarkan aspek-aspek berikut:
• Identify two common characteristics [2 marks]
Kenal pasti dua cirri sepunya
• Give one other example of thermoplastic [1 mark]
Beri satu contoh lain bagi termoplastik
• Give two examples of non-thermoplastic [2 marks]
Beri dua contoh bukan termoplastik
• Relate the common characteristics to construct the concept of thermoplastic
Hubungkaitkan cirri sepunya untuk membina konsep termoplastik [1 mark]

25. ESSAY QUESTION (SPM 2004)
(a) State four differences between voluntary action and involuntary action. [4 marks]
Nyatakan empat perbezaan antara tindakan terkawal dengan tindakan luar kawal.
(b) Figure shows several activities conducted by a student.
Rajah menunjukkan aktiviti yang dijalankan oleh seorang pelajar.
Conducting an experiment Writing (Menulis)
Menjalankan eksperimen
Action
Discussing Reading
Berbincang (Membaca)
Study the above activities . Explain how you would develop a concept based on the information in
figure above.
Kaji aktiviti-aktiviti itu. Terangkan bagaimana anda membina suatu konsep berdasarkan malumat dalam rajah di atas.
Your explaination of the concept should include the following :
Penerangan anda tentang konsep itu hendaklah berdasarkan kepada perkara berikut:
• Identify two common characteristics
Kenal pasti dua cirri sepunya
• Develop initial concept
Membina kosep awal
• Give other examples and non-examples in relation to the concept
Memberikan contoh lain dan bukan contoh yang berkaitan dengan konsep
• Explain the actual concept
Menjelaskan konsep sebenar
ANSWER :
(a)
Voluntary Action Involuntary Action
1.There ia awareness 1.No awareness 1m
Tindakan dibuat secara sedar / terkawal Tindakan dibuat tanpa disedari / tak terkawal
2.The action is controlled by cerebrum 2.The action is controlled by medulla oblongata. 1m
Tindakan dikawal oleh serebrum Tindakan dikawal oleh medula oblongata.
3.Impulses flow from the receptor to the 3. Impulses flow from receptor to efector through 1m
efector through cerebrum. medulla oblongata.
Impuls mengalir dari reseptor ke efektor Impuls mengalir dari reseptor ke efektor melalui
melalui serebrum medula oblongata.
4.The response can be fast or slow. 4.The response is quick and fast. 1m
Gerak balas boleh dilambatkan atau Gerak balas cepat.
dicepatkan
5.The response involve skeleton muscle. 5.The response involve smooth muscle.
Gerak balas melibatkan otot rangka. Gerak balas melibatkan otot licin.
(Mana-mana 4 pt)

26. (b)
Two Common characteristics 1.All the action are under awareness. 1m
Dua Ciri Sepunya Aktiviti dilakukan secara sedar / terkawal.
2.The action is controlled by cerebrum. 1m
Tindakan dikawal oleh serebrum.
(Mana-mana Pt 1 – Pt 5)
Initial concept All the action are under awareness and
Konsep Awal controlled by cerebrum are Voluntary Action 1m
Pt.1
Pt.2
Tindakan dilakukan secara sedar dan dikawal
oleh serebrum itu adalah tindakan terkawal.
Other example Dancing / eating / cooking 1m
Contoh-contoh lain Menari / makan / memasak
Non-example Heartbeat / knee jerk / peristalsis 1m
Bukan Contoh Denyutan jantung / sentakan lutut / peristalsis
Actual Concept Voluntary action is a action are under 1m
Konsep sebenar awareness and controlled by cerebrum.
Tindakan terkawal ialah tindakan yang dilakukan
secara sedar dan dikawal oleh serebrum.
(Sekurang-kurang 2 pt.)
[6 marks]