5G and Beyond: A Bristol Perspective

5G and Beyond: A Bristol Perspective
Professor Andrew Nix
Dean of Engineering
Head of Communications Systems and Networks
University of Bristol, UK
Presentation to the Radio Society of Great Britain, Monday 28th September 2015

Communication Systems & Networks
© CSN Group 2015
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• BEng (1989) and PhD (1993) degrees from the
University of Bristol.
• Professor of Wireless Communication Systems.
• Dean of the Faculty of Engineering and Head of the
Communication Systems & Networks (CSN) Group.
• Research interests include antenna and radio wave
propagation, Wi-Fi and cellular optimisation, Internet of
Things, mmWave & Massive MIMO Communications,
automotive communications.
• Founder member of ETSI RES10 (1992-1995), the
committee that developed Europe’s first WLAN standard.
Professor Andrew Nix (Biography)

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A Brief Overview
- Communication Systems & Networks -

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CSN: History and Overview
• Formed in 1985 to address fundamental research demands of fixed &
wireless communication sectors.
• 15 academics, 15 RAs & 50 PhDs.
• Historical impact areas: Wi-Fi, adaptive antennas, wideband CDMA,
MIMO, linearised power amplifiers and medical imagine.
• Current activities: MmWave, Massive MIMO, Full Duplex, SDN & optical
integration, Wi-Fi (wave 2), Internet of Things (automotive and
healthcare).
• Well-equipped laboratories with state-of-the-art test/measurement
equipment & first-class high performance computing facilities.
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YouTube and Twitter (@BristolCSN)
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Our Web Site
http://www.bristol.ac.uk/engineering/research/csn
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- 5G mmWave Simulations -

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5G drive to mmWave: Data/Spectrum Crunch
• Capacity doubling every year and we’re running out of spectrum!
• In 10 years time we’ll need 1024x more capacity!
• 5G needs to utilise small cells (densification) and share networks (virtualisation).
• <1GHz of bandwidth available below 6GHz for wireless.
• Significant spectrum exists above 30GHz.
• Separation of the Control and Data Planes even across radio technologies
(i.e. LTE-A Control Plane & mmWave Data Plane).
• 5G networks need to offload traffic between heterogeneous radio standards (for
example, LTE-A, Wi-Fi and mmWave).
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© CSN Group 2015
Antennas and Propagation in the mmWave band
• Path loss is proportional to frequency squared.
• Path loss at 72GHz is 28.8dB greater than 2.6GHz.
• Narrow beam, high gain, adaptive antennas (a new challenge for 5G networks)
required to track cellular users.
• Antenna arrays are physically small (at 60GHz a 16 element array fits into one
square inch).
• Diffraction no longer dominant; diffuse scatter far stronger in the mmWave bands.
• Links dominated by a small number of significant multipath components.
• Polarisation plays a strong role, particularly in line-of-sight channels.
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MmWave and Beamforming
• We have an extensive research programme addressing gigabit mmWave
communications and Massive MIMO.
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5G mmWave Beamforming Architectures
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• Analogue beamforming is a low cost option to support
a single single user with a single spatial stream.
• Digital beamforming offers greater flexibility but is cost
prohibitive (too many radio chains).
• The benefits of spatial multiplexing and beamforming
can be combined with Hybrid beamforming.
• One possible implementation is to exploit the
mmWave polarization characteristics by using two RF
chains (doubling the peak single user data rate).
• Another approach is to support N concurrent users via
N spatial beams (multi-user MIMO).

© CSN Group 2015
Can we separate customers in beam space?
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• Here we show the PDF of the elevation and azimuth
angles of the strongest multipath component
departing the BS to a cellular user.
• The 3dB contours of the 802.15.3c codebook are
overlaid for an 8x8 BS array.
• The PDF of the users’ azimuth angle is not uniformly
distributed; instead it is clustered around +/-90°.
• This trend is further emphasized if users are
constrained to the sidewalks.
• The same beam pattern is selected for many users.
• Users in the same beam contour must be separated
in polarization, time and/or frequency.

© CSN Group 2015
Modelling and Simulation Parameters
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Parameter Value
AP transmit power 20dBm
AP height 6m (lamp post)
TX HPBW
(gain)
5, 10 and 15 degree
(31, 25, 22 dBi)
User height 1m
RX HPBW (gain) 120 degree (5dBi)
Channel bandwidth 2.16 GHz
Beamforming algorithm *Maximum power ray

© CSN Group 2015
MmWave: Coverage Prediction
17 BSs: Outage probability = 17%
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Bristol leading 5G research in Europe
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• Two new European Union (5GPPP) projects:
MmMagic and 5G-xHaul.
• Only UK academic representative.
• Working with industrial partners such as
Samsung, Ericsson, Huawei, Intel, Nokia,
Alcatel Lucent, Orange, Telefonica,
BluWireless, Keysight and Rhode & Schwarz.
https://5g-ppp.eu/mmmagic
https://5g-ppp.eu/5g-xhaul

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- Recent Press -

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5G: Bristol High Tech Testbed for Innovation
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http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2015-03/17/bristol-smart-city

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1500 nodes fully meshed IoT Network
Bristol Is Open (UoB and BCC)
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http://www.bristolisopen.com

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5G: Bristol is the UK’s Smartest City
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http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2014/nov/16/bristol-smart-city-future-technology

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5G: Healthcare (Sphere – Assisted Living)
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http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/technology/article4461010.ece

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• Wearable IoTs
• Antennas / Measurements/ propagation
modelling
• Communication link reliability
• Wireless Infrastructure development
• In-door RF Localisation
• Device free localisation
-70 -60 -50 -40 -30
0
20
40
60
80
100
Channel gain, dB
CDF
Directional (chest) @ 2.4 GHz
Omni (chest) @ 2.4 GHz
Omni (chest) @ 868 MHz
Omni (wrist) @ 868 MHz
classification of 3 rooms
Ultra-Low Power IoT for Healthcare
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SPW-1 Specifications (BLE)
• Dual Accelerometers
• Efficient PCB Antenna
• Multiple Power Options (Coin Cell, Li-Po)
• Energy-Harvesting Ready
• External Antenna Support, External Sensor Support
5μA idle consumption
30μA with buffering, on-chip processing and wireless data transfer
Ultra-Low Power IoT for Healthcare

© CSN Group 2015
Massive MIMO
• We have developed a city scale Massive MIMO LTE simulator (128x48) with support
from Nokia and are working with National Instruments, the University of Lund and Bristol
City Council on the construction of a 128 element (BS) hardware demonstrator.
SU-8x8 SU-16x8 MU-8x8 MU-16x8 Mass-128x8 Mass-128x16
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
ExpectedSpectralEfficiency(bps/Hz)
Comparison of SU, MU and Massive MIMO (Macrocells)
SU-8x8 SU-16x8 MU-8x8 MU-16x8 Mass-128x8 Mass-128x16
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
ExpectedSpectralEfficiency(bps/Hz)
Comparison of SU, MU and Massive MIMO (Picocells)
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© CSN Group 2015
5G Channel Emulators
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• The Group has just purchased two
Anite F8 RF Channel Emulators (list
price £1M).
• These replace the Groups aging C8
Emulators.
• The F8s support bi-direction RF links
with a dynamic range of 120dB.
• These enable state-of-the-art
Wi-Fi, 802.11p, LTE, LTE-A and
mmWave “hardware in the loop” test
and measurement.

© CSN Group 2015
Keysight mmWave Collaboration
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Professor Andrew Nix, Dean of the Faculty of
Engineering said: “I am delighted to formalise our
collaboration with Keysight. Their world-leading
millimetre-wave design, test and measurement
facilities radically enhance our ability to contribute
to global 5G developments. Through our Centre for
Doctoral Training (CDT) in Communications we will
use the Keysight tools to equip a new generation of
engineers with the skills needed to develop and roll-
out 5G networks.”
Roger Nichols, Keysight’s 5G Program Manager,
said: “The University of Bristol represents a centre
of excellence in wireless research in the UK and I
am excited to be part of this work. Professor Nix
and his team have been working closely with us for
about a year and we are looking forward to a
deeper collaboration.”
http://www.bristol.ac.uk/news/2015/september/keysight.html

© CSN Group 2015
5G Applications: Automotive
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• The number of driver fatalities is decreasing year on year.
• The number of cyclists killed and seriously injured has increased year on year
for the last 8 years, at a rate higher than traffic increases.
• Motorcycle/moped riders have the highest fatality rate per vehicle mile of any
type of road user, around 50 times that for car drivers and four times the rate
for pedal cyclists.
• Cyclists are 30 times more likely to be seriously injured than a car occupant.
• The rate of pedestrian casualty reduction has slowed in recent years with
almost no reduction since 2009.

© CSN Group 2015
VENTURER has a budget of £5M and is funded by Innovate UK
• VENTURER leads the UK development of
an independent test site for connected and
autonomous vehicles.
• VENTURER aims to identify and overcome
the key barriers to widespread autonomous
vehicle adoption in the UK.
Autonomous Vehicles
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© CSN Group 2015
Connected Vehicles
• Andrea Tassi showcasing the
Group’s #OpenSource
full-stack vehicular communication
solution #V2XforReal
• Research output from VENTURER
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Professor Andrew Nix would like to thank …
@BristolCSN
S. Armour, M. Beach, T. Barratt, D. Berraki, I. Craddock, A. Doufexi, P. Harris,
G. Hilton, E. Mellios, R. Piechocki, D. Simeonidou, K. Stevens,
A. Tassi and S. Zhang

5G and Beyond: A Bristol Perspective

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