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Maryland Water Laws and Regulations
1. Maryland Water Laws andMaryland Water Laws and
RegulationsRegulations
Water Resources and StormwaterWater Resources and Stormwater
ManagementManagement
Presentation forHalfmoon Education, Inc.Presentation forHalfmoon Education, Inc.
Jessup, MarylandJessup, Maryland
December 10, 2015December 10, 2015
1000 Fell Street | Baltimore, MD 21231
1.410.491.2808 | AndrewTDer@comcast.net
Andrew T. Der & Associates, LLC
Environmental Consulting
8. WaterQualityWaterQuality
โข Sediments
Channel erosion can be the
primary sediment source!
โข Nutrients
Maintained vegetated areas & ag
โข Temperature
Warm pavements and
pond pools
โข Other
Oils, Greases, heavy metals,
toxics
12. What is a Regulated Water?What is a Regulated Water?
โข Waters of the U. S. limits โ affects numerous processes
โข Federal definition currently includes tidal navigable water, nontidal
navigable water, connecting headwaters, some ephemeral channels,
and wetlands adjacent to such waters (why we have 1987 Manual) โ
but how far up does it go?
โข Further defined by Supreme Court ruling โ two most significant:
โSWAANCโ says jurisdiction cannot extend to isolated waters
โRapanosโ says jurisdiction cannot be based on a connection
โข Determines extent of CleanWater Act (CWA) Sec 401 (Water
Quality Certification), 402 (NPDES), and 404 (Dredge and Fill),
Section 303 (TMDL), Section 316 Power Plant, and potential basis for
state and local criteria
โข Maryland includes even more! Keep reading.
13. How Do the New Rules DefineHow Do the New Rules Define
it Differently?it Differently?
โข For complete story, go to MBIA Building Magazine
http://issuu.com/mbia11825/docs/jul_yaug15_final/12?e=15029833/13893638
โข Short version is maybe not โ that โ much difference in Maryland
โข Previous regulatory terms such as tributary, neighboring, floodplain, and
riparian area now proposed to be defined by rule - may - allow more waters
to come under federal authority
โข Subjectivity may establish the โnexusโ but we had subjectivity before โ comes
down to reviewer in the field?
โข SWM conveyances more regulated?
โข Issue likely to be moot now with recent Senate Bill blocking the rules โ and
NAHB just said โsee you in courtโ.
14. Worst Case Scenario of MoreWorst Case Scenario of More
Regulation?Regulation?
15. What is a Regulated Impact?What is a Regulated Impact?
โข Impacts are discharges and can be out of a pipe or
placement of material and grading for CWA
โข Not all impacts created equal.
Corps only regulates placement of material โ and
excavation if sidecasting or dredge spoil disposal
MDE additionally regulates vegetative clearing and
excavation
โข Impacts authorized as Individual Permits, General Permits,
MD Letters of Authorization, MD Individual Permits, MD
Tidal License
16. WaterQuality StandardsWaterQuality Standards
-Classification of State Waters-Classification of State Waters
Can affect both various modes of water and
discharge permitting
โข Use I & I-P:Water Contact Recreation and Protection of
Aquatic Life
โข Use II: Shellfish Harvesting Waters
โข Use III & III-P: Natural Trout Waters
โข Use IV & IV-P: Recreational Trout Waters
17. Two Categories of WaterQualityTwo Categories of WaterQuality
StandardsStandards
Numerical
โข Dissolved Oxygen,Temperature, pH,Turbidity, Fecal Coliform,Toxics
Narrative - includes CWA narrative criteria
โข...Protection of Aquatic Life ...Fishable ...Swimmable...
โข EPA Anti-Degradation Policy (ADP):
โ...To accomplish the objective of maintaining existing
water quality...Nonpoint sources shall achieve all cost effective and
reasonable best management practices for nonpoint source control...โ
18. Waters, Including Wetlands,Waters, Including Wetlands,
Permitting CriteriaPermitting Criteria
U. S.Army Corps of Engineers โ most of time separate Corps
permit not needed when within the MDSPGP-4
โข CWA Section 10 โ and - 404 dredge and fill permit
Corps Issued MDSPGP to MDE
โข Regulates waters of the U. S. only โ not isolated waters, some ditches,
buffers, or floodplain
โข Try to fit waters of U. S. and impact to streamlined permitting categories
โข Otherwise Individual Corps permit lengthy requiring additional purpose
and need, alternatives analysis, and federal public notice and interagency
comment
19. More Permitting CriteriaMore Permitting Criteria
Maryland Department of the EnvironmentWetlands and
Waterways Program - combines numerous separate state
permitting regulations into oneWetlands andWaterways
Permit - and adds more jurisdiction
โข Nontidal Wetland and Waterways Permit for waters of the U. S. and:
100 yr. FP, isolated waters, 25โ nontidal wetland buffer
By policy can includeTier IIWaters Criteria and NTWSSC both of which
have own100โ buffer and special NTW E/S BMP Conditions
โข Tidal Waters and Wetlands License and Permit (no regulated floodplain
or buffer)
โข Coastal Zone Management Act
โข Section 401Water Quality Certification โ can impose additional SWM or
BMPs but less common now
20. But Wait โ Thereโs More!But Wait โ Thereโs More!
โข MD Chesapeake Bay Critical Area Law
Administered directly for state and federal, but through local zoning and
subdivision ordinances for overlay 1,000 feet from shoreline (MHW) and 100โ
buffers from waters including wetlands โ (and a 10% SWM rule in Intensely
Developed Areas)
โข MD State Forest Conservation Law
Administered directly for state and federal by MD DNR, but delegated to
localities for local and private lands. Requires NRI or FSD which is the
mechanism for 100โ or more buffers from waters. Could serve as basis for
wetland permit plans as well as first SWM concept under new regulations
โข Federal and State projects frequently have own programmatic agreements!
โข These processes frequently affect and interface with each other (NRI/FSD, CBCA,
NPDES, and state/local SWM) โ but how?
21. And Yet, Still More! - SWMAnd Yet, Still More! - SWM
Stormwater Management - programs moving to
integrating the ecological and resources within engineering
criteria
โข NPDES Phase I and II
U. S. EPA delegated to States by GP โ regulates new construction AND existing
older stormwater sources โ only permitting means to retrofit.
New construction = Permitted by GP under Notice of Intent (NOI)
Retrofit of old existing discharges = Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4)
โข DoD and federal facility SWM mandates
โข State/local Stormwater Management Regulations โ new construction
โข State/local Erosion and Sediment Control Regulations โ new construction
22. What are SWMCriteria?What are SWMCriteria?
Approved directly by MDE for federal and state
projects and triennially approves local ordinances for
local regulation and private development
โข In MD - primary standard is Environmental Site Design (ESD) to the
Maximum Extent Practicable (MEP) to reduce post development runoff
to natural โwoods in good conditionโ โ need to treat 1 to 2.6 in rainfall
depending on site and design conditions
โข Virginia - primary standard starting 2014 isTP oriented management of
1 inch runoff of entire site utilizing their Stormwater BMP Clearinghouse
also emphasizing nonstructural disconnections
โข National โ U.S. EPA Stormwater Rule and NPDES Effluent Limitation
Guidelines deferred for now in 2014
23. How is it Applied?How is it Applied?
Two different ways
โข State Erosion and Sediment Control Law
Temporary practices
โข State Stormwater Management Law
Permanent practices
Maryland Stormwater Management Act โ Incorporates SWM Manual by
reference and revised 2007
Formalizes โLID-likeโ or ESD to the MEP โ and met if channel stability and
predevelopment groundwater recharge rates are maintained and nonpoint
source pollution is minimizedโฆ. structural stormwater practices may be used
only if determined to be absolutely necessary
24. What Really are Best ManagementWhat Really are Best Management
Practices?Practices?
Best Management Practices (BMPs) are policies,
practices, procedures, or structures implemented to
mitigate the adverse environmental effects on
surface water quality resulting from development.
BMPs are categorized as structural or non-structural.
โขEarly Planning
โขLow Impact Development, or Better Site Design, or Environmental Site Design
โขLocal stream buffers and setbacks
โขMinimize or disconnect impervious surfaces sheet flow, open section pavement
โขDevices - most significant factor affecting performance is construction and
maintenance!
25. How areHow are EngineeredEngineered BMPs ReallyBMPs Really
Supposed to be Used?Supposed to be Used?
Smaller Volumes - try first
โFirst Flushโ
Preferred and most compatible
with ESD at-source and/or
pretreatment quality control
โข Infiltration
โ trench/basin
โข Filtering
โ sand filter/bioretention
โข Hydrodynamic Devices above or
underground
โ Curb & gutter vortex/filter
basin
โข โNewerโ Technology
โ pervious surfaces/green roofs
Larger Volumes โ if needed
When preferred is Insufficient
for quantity and quality
โข Stormwater Ponds
โ wet pond
โ wet ED pond
โ dry ED pond (for cold water w/
pre-treatment)
โ multiple pond system
โข StormwaterWetlands
โ shallow marsh
โ ED shallow wetland
โ pond/wetland systems
26. Erosion and Sediment ControlErosion and Sediment Control
vs. StormwaterManagementvs. StormwaterManagement
E/S
โข Construction Phase
โข Sediments are primary criteria
โข Can be temporary or โpermanentโ
SWM
โข Post-construction
โข Manages various pollutants
โข Permanent
27. Common E/S PracticesCommon E/S Practices
โข Silt Fence
โข Vegetative Stabilization
โข Stone lined conveyance
โข Temporary Sediment Basin/Trap
โข Temporary Use of Permanent Pond or other facility
35. Common SWMPracticesCommon SWMPractices
โข Better/Environmental Site Design
โข Sheet flow management โ prior to and after conveyance
โข Open section surfaces
โข Engineered practices
51. StreamStabilization as a BMPStreamStabilization as a BMP
โข Can be effective
watershed sediment
control practice
โข Can be local
approval
requirement
โข Can be a traded
credit
โข Can be out-of-kind
wetland mitigation
53. What is NPDES?What is NPDES?
โข 1972 amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control
Act (Clean Water Act) prohibit the discharge of any
pollutant to waters of the United States from a point
source unless the discharge is authorized by a National
Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit.
โข Past efforts to address stormwater discharges under the
NPDES program have generally been limited to certain
industrial categories
54. NPDES BackgroundNPDES Background
โข Stormwater out of a pipe was not necessarily a point
source discharge
โข National Urban Runoff Program (NURP) โ first
meaningful stormwater study showed stormwater
impacts
โข In response to water quality concerns, in 1987, the
EPA was required to issue regulations addressing
stormwater discharges under the NPDES program -
Phase I & II Permitting
55. Phase IPhase I
โข NPDES established first regulations in 1990 permit requirements for
existing stormwater:
1) existing โmediumโ and โlargeโ MS4 โ individual permits by State to
locality with conditions
2) new construction activity disturbing 5 (changed to 1) acres of land
or greater โ general permits
3) Industrial activities and operations (utilities, plants, maintenance
yards, etc.).
โข Many continue to operate under Phase I
56. MDE Phase I Permit ConditionsMDE Phase I Permit Conditions
โข Effectively prohibit pollutants in stormwater discharges
as necessary to comply with water quality standards
โข Assess existing programs and ID licit and illicit Sources
โข Implement SWM and E/S
โข Hot spots,Trash and litter
โข Watershed Management and Restoration (often needs its own water and state
wetland permit!)
โข Utilize current collected best management practice (BMP) data to modify and
improve programs
โข Monitoring and mapping
โข Reduction in impervious surfaces
โข Fiscal Analysis and Annual Reports
57. Phase IIPhase II
โข In 1999, new rule automatically covers on a nationwide basis all
existing small MS4s located in urbanized areas and new
construction activities of 1 acre or more
โข Most localities already complying
โข Can authorize industries or facilities
โข Have more flexible permitting options
Utilizing existing programs in place
Combine with other Phase II
Combine with a Phase I
58. Six Requirements of Phase IISix Requirements of Phase II
โข Personnel education/outreach
โข Public involvement/participation
โข Illicit discharge detection elimination
โข Construction site stormwater runoff control (E/S)
โข Post construction stormwater management
โข Pollution prevention/good housekeeping
59. Phase II Can be SubjectivePhase II Can be Subjective
โข Monitoring, public outreach and BMPs can be flexible as long as:
โ Reduces pollutants to the maximum extent practical
โ Protects water quality
โ Satisfies CWA
โ Many existing SWM programs are satisfactory
โ Newer MS4 permits will be templates
60. How does NPDES Affect NewHow does NPDES Affect New
Construction?Construction?
โข Compliance via NOI with NPDES Stormwater permits is
primarily through BMP implementation
โข While congruent in many ways, E/S and SWM plans are not
necessarily the same as NPDES compliance from a
regulatory perspective
โข In MD E/S and SWM plans can usually serve as compliance
with NPDES requirements โ but not always!
61. How is NPDES SimilarorHow is NPDES Similaror
Different than SWM?Different than SWM?
โข NPDES Compliance is more than SWM and accomplished by NOI if
one acre or more disturbance along with Stormwater Pollution
Prevention Plan (SWPPP) โ what is it and when is one required?
- Includes E/S and SWM plans (structural) but also includes ESD and
nonstructural including other pollutant management considerations
(spillage, storage, litter), monitoring records โ E/S monitoring
- In MD, SWPPP not typically required under general permit for
development, but is for plants, industrial activities, institutional
property โ special rules and additional discharge compliance
monitoring
โข Potential vs.Actual Discharges โ treated the same?!
62. How Does New ConstructionHow Does New Construction
Comply with NPDES?Comply with NPDES?
Compliance with NPDES General Permit (GP) requires, in
addition to customary E/S plans:
โข Water quality and sensitive construction techniques for waters with an establishedTotal
Maximum Daily Load (TMDL)
โข If significant sediment discharge, then additional inspection, evaluation and installation of
site controls
โข Control measures that minimize pollutants as necessary to meet applicable water quality
standard
โข Conduct weekly inspections and the next day (changed from next business day) after a
rainfall event resulting in runoff
โข If there is โan excursionโ above any applicable water quality standard, modify controls to
indicate receiving water is attaining water quality standards
โข Hot topic - Potential for flocculent or turbidity controls?
63. Construction ComplianceConstruction Compliance
โข Usually oriented to E/S compliance
โข Locality is primary inspector
โข State (and occasionally EPA โ yikes!) inspect also for
NPDES, E/S and Wetland and Waterways Permit
โข Corps inspects for Wetland and Waterways Permit
64. NewerComplianceNewerCompliance
RequirementsRequirements
โข Usually oriented to post-construction assessment
โข Third party quality control construction monitoring
Example = SHA โ exceeds SWM and NPDES
โข Specific SWM device maintenance conditions
โข Post-construction BMP performance can be required
โข Industrial site SWPPP have more effluent monitoring
65. โข Used also for MS4 and Point
Source Compliance
โข Can be state requirement
โข Preconstruction, construction
and post-construction
โข Macroinvertebrate Studies
(from WWTP & mining)
โข Chemistry
โข Geomorphology
โข Groundwater
Post-Construction BMPandPost-Construction BMPand
WaterQuality MonitoringWaterQuality Monitoring
66. What does a TMDL ReallyWhat does a TMDL Really
Mean forGoodness Sake?Mean forGoodness Sake?
โข CWA Section 303 mandates a
โpollution dietโ for the
Chesapeake Bay for N & P โ what
does this mean for SWM?
โข Largest most complexTMDL in
the country, covering the 64,000 s.
m. watershed in six states & DC =
Watershed Implementation Plans
(WIP) in progress now
โข In-kind and out-of-kind mitigation โ
this combined with local NPDES MS4
compliance and permit mitigation
drive much of stream restoration and
SWM retrofit today โ but who is
tracking?
69. Hot Issues underDeliberationHot Issues underDeliberation
NowNow
โข What should be most sound
priorities of focus? Sediments, P, O,
Flow?
โข ESD (and LID) versus Smart
Growth versus impervious surface
criteria?
โข TMDL model assumptions
challenged - litigation
โข Financing TMDL WIPs (rain tax)
โข TMDL AFG Offset credits vs.
existing SWM criteria
โข Nutrient trading
70. ResourcesResources
โข Maryland Department of the Environment
First stop for NPDES Phase I and II, MS4 Permits,
Construction Permits, Industrial Discharge Permits,
Waterway and Wetland Permits
โข MD DNR Forestry
โข MD DNR Critical Areas Commission
โข Local governments
โข If individual permit, U. S.Army Corps of Engineers
โข MD DNR for Rare Species, Habitats, Stream Biomonitoring data
โข U.S. EPA for national standards and effluent guidelines
Editor's Notes
The stormwater treatment practices presented in this slide show fall into five major categories: stormwater ponds, stormwater wetlands, infiltration practices, filtering practices, and open channels. Within each category, there are several design variations.