3. Energy definition:
Energy is the capacity of an object to do a work
It is measured in: calories (cal) , joules (J)
1 cal = 4.18 J
1000 J = 1kJ
4. Types of energy
1. Mechanical energy
2. Electrical energy
3. Electromagnetic energy
4. Sound energy
5. Chemical energy
6. Nuclear energy
7. Thermal or calorific energy
5. Mechanical energy:
●
It is formed by:
●
Kinetic energy: Is the energy that
object have when they are in
movement.
●
Potential energy: Is the energy
6. Electrical energy:
Is the energy that is associated with electric
current. It makes ectrically powered machines
work when the are connected to a supply of
electricity.
7. Electromagnetic energy:
Is the energy transported by electromagnetic
waves. Luminous is a type of electromagnetic
energy generat
8. Sound energy:
Is the energy associated with sound waves ,
transmitted through vibrations.
9. Chemical energy:
Is the energy stored in subtances during chemical
processes.
It can be released or absorbed.
10. Nuclear energy:
It is the type of energy that is contained in nuclei
atoms. It is released during nuclear reactions.
12. Energy sources:
Are natural resources that provide different forms
of energy.
This energy is tranformed for especific uses.
There are two types of energy sources:
-Renewable energy sources
-Non renewable energy sources
14. Hydraulic energy:
Is the mechanical energy produce by the
movement of water. We need to build dams to
store river water. It's have many advantages: it's
clean, cheap and non-polluting.
But is so expensive and can also destroy
lanscape.
15. Solar energy:
Is
the energy produced by thermonuclear radiation
from inside the sun.
Solar energy is clean, unlimited and big power
stations are not needed.
But solar panels are expensive and sunlight
depends on the season,climate and latitude.
16. Wind energy:
It's produced by the effect of radiation on the
atmosphere.
It's unlimited, non-polluting and the cost of wind
farm is low.
But many regions haven't got much wind, and
wind turbines produce noise pollution.
17. Marine energy:
There are several means for generating energy
from the sea:
-Tidal energy is the energy extracted form the
tides.
-Wave energy is the energy produce by the
movement of sea waves.
-Ocean thermal energy is the energy produce
from the difference in temperatures between
the surface os the sea and the deep sea.
18. Non-renewable energy sources
●
Non-renewable energy sources come from
natural resources that are limited.
●
Some types of non-renewable energy causes
enviromental problems.
●
For example:Increased greenhouse effect, acid
rain, oil spills, nuclear waste, rrising water
temperature and atmospheric pollution.
19. Nuclear energy:
●
This is the energy estored in the nuclei of
atoms.There are two types:
●
-Nuclear fusion.
●
-Nuclear fission.
20. Coal:
●
Coal was formed from the remains of plants
that were buried and transformed in the
absence of oxygen.
●
Two methods for extracting coal:
●
-Open coast mines.
●
-Undergroud mines.
21. Petroleum:
●
It's formed from the buried remains of plants
and animals that have descomposed because
of bacterial action.
●
The extraction is difficult because it's usually
underground.
●
The extraction is difficult because it's usually
underground.
●
It can be storage and transport by two ways:
●
Oil tankers or oil pipelines.
22. Natural gas:
●
It's a mixture of gases formed from
descomposed plants and animals.
●
Natural gas is extracting by drilling.
●
It's used in industry and in homes to produce
thermal energy, and in thermal power stations
to obtain electrical energy.
23. Enviromental impacts:
Most of the energy consumed in industrialised
countries comes from non-renewable energy
sources.
This causes enviromental problems such as:
-Increased greenhouse effect:The increase of
carbon dioxide in the atmosphere traps the
sun’s rays so the temperature of the earth
encreased.
24. -Acid rain:The acid rain is caused by burning coal
and petroleum, this produce sulphur and
nitrogen oxide.
-Oil spills:The oil spills is caused when petroleum
is accidently released into the se or because of
oil tankers accident.
-Nuclear waste:Nuclear waste is the radioactivity
produce by the nuclear power stations and is
dangerous for living beings.
25. -Rising water temperature:Thermal power
stations produce hot water and this affect to the
water of the river and the sea.
-Atmospheric pollution:This is produce by the
particles in suspensio, heavy metals and gases
pproduce from the road traffic and insutrial.
26. Energy power stations:
The water is heated, and this produce vapor. The
vapor move turbines that produce energy. They
produce mechanical energy that is transform
into energy.
