The following report contains statements that are forwardlooking, including expectations and predictions regarding future industry trends and developments. Actual results may differ materially from our expectations or projections. This report also contains opinions, estimates, and forwardlooking statements by industry leaders.

1. digital
outlook
report09
digital outlook report 09

2. The following report contains statements that are forwardlooking, including expectations and predictions
regarding future industry trends and developments. Actual results may differ materially from our expectations or
projections. This report also contains opinions, estimates, and forwardlooking statements by industry leaders.
Such statements are the personal opinions of the individuals quoted and should not be attributed to any other
entity or individual. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance upon forward-looking statements, which
speak only as to the date of this document. Except as required by law, neither Razor sh, LLC nor any of its
af liated entities undertake any obligation to update any forwardlooking or other statements in this document,
whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
© Razor sh, LLC. All rights reserved.

4. contents
a new role for agencies Social Object Theory: 56
The Secret Ingredient for Powering
From Breaking Campaigns to 4
Social In uence Marketing™ Campaigns
Building Client Businesses
For Here or To Go? 62
outlook How Portable Media Is Like Fast Food
Trends to Watch 10 Top 10 Mobile Applications to Watch 66
Shifting Their Focus: 16 Getting Smart With Mobile Marketing: 78
A Look at 2008 Digital Ad Spending How Mobile Marketing Is
by Razor sh™ Clients Evolving in Europe and the U.S.
Trends in Social In uence Marketing™ 26
topics on our minds
Search Outlook 2009: 32
Pushing Search Forward Looking for the Pulse Online in 2009 84
in a Volatile Marketplace
The Future of Retail: 88
Publishers of the Year 40 The Consumer’s New Shopping Journey
Think Inside Someone Else’s Box: 96
what’s emerging
Business Model Innovation in the Digital Age
Digital Media Escapes From the PC: 44
Converged Connections: 100
Unlocking Opportunity for Consumers
Moving Brands Across Multiple Experiences
and Marketers
Email Marketing: 104
Ad Exchanges: Revolutionizing 52
Increasing Marketing Connections
the Buy-Sell Process
in a Social World

5. consumer conversations TiVo on the Future of Television: 158
A Call for Innovation
Catching Up With the Connected Class 112
Xbox Live on the Future of Television: 160
Connecting with Digital Mom 118
A Window into the Next Generation
through Emerging Technologies
Comcast on the Future of Television: 162
New Opportunities for Enhanced Television
the evolution of research
and measurement Navic Networks on the Future of Television: 163
As TV and Its Audiences Fragment,
Bringing Media Mix Models Into the Digital Era 124
How Will It Be Funded?
Social In uence Research: 128
Google TV on the Future of Television: 165
The Con uence of Consumer Research
An interview with Mike Steib
and the Social Graph
Social Media Measurement: What’s it Worth? 136
three things every executive
Modeling and Creating Measureable
should know in 2009
Outcomes of Social Media Engagement
The Web Gets a Pulse 170
tv at a crossroads
Fragmentation Moves Beyond Media 172
The Digitalization of Television: 146
When the Going Gets Tough... 174
Challenges and Opportunities as
TV Turns a Corner
Jack Myers on the Future of Television: 154
Realities and Opportunities for Media
Companies and Marketers
3

6. A N E W R O L E FO R AG EN C I ES
From Breaking
Campaigns
to Building
Client Businesses
By Clark Kokich, Chief Executive Of cer
I spent the first 30 years of my advertising career focused
on saying things. What do we need to say to persuade people
to buy our product or service? How do we say it in a unique and
memorable way? Where do we say it? How much will it cost to
say it? How do we measure consumer reactions to the things we
say to them?

8. Now, after 10 years in the digital space, I nd myself Agencies haven’t played this role very long. They
spending my time talking to clients about building used to, but, with the rise of strong client marketing
things. What do customers need to make smart deci- groups, agencies have focused squarely and
sions? What applications do we need to build to exclusively on producing great advertising, on saying
satisfy that need? Where are our customers when things.
they make a decision?
That limited perspective won’t cut it anymore. Clients
How do we make sure the things we build can be are desperately dealing with a laundry list of chal-
delivered wherever (and whenever) they need them? lenges: A sinking economy. A connected, in-control
How do we build a link between the digital and the consumer. A drive for lower costs. The disruption
physical world? How do we help consumers share of traditional media channels. An expansion of global
the things we build? competition. The list is long and growing.
This isn’t news to anyone; we’ve all seen it coming In this environment, clients need ideas that will trans-
for awhile. At every industry conference you’ll hear form their business. In the past, when our only tool
someone make a compelling case that the future was paid media, it was virtually impossible to develop
of creating and sustaining brands is in building an idea that could change a client’s fundamental
experiences, not just in producing great advertising. competitive position. Now, digital has the potential to
re-imagine a consumer connection, or reinvent a
What’s not so apparent is the impact this change business model. And we have a long list of consumer
is having on the role that advertising agencies play touchpoints with which to work, starting with the
within client organizations. It’s not just about the Web, then expanding to mobile applications, social,
work that agencies do, but rather, it’s about the gaming, viral, digital-out-of-home, widgets, gadgets
actual role they should be playing in setting business and more. Now, anything is possible.
strategy, designing product and service offerings,
delivering service after the sale, creating innovative With this expanded palette, we can build experiences
distribution channels and developing new revenue that become an integral part of the brand. Experiences
models. For a growing number of brands, the digital that have the ability to add value, create new cate-
experience is becoming as important as the actual gories, surprise, delight, serve, simplify, entertain and
physical product. tell a story in an entirely new, richer way than ever
before possible. We are beginning to put examples of
transformational business ideas into market for global
brands such as Levi’s, which views the company and

9. the consumer experience in totality across all
departments — from product development to new
collections to the digitally-enhanced tting room.
This is the role that agencies must ll now. Clients
need us to bring them business ideas. They need us
to expand beyond our traditional role of being great
communicators. We need to be great thinkers and
problem solvers as well. They need us to understand
how their consumers and markets are changing,
and then bring them strategies that fundamentally
improve their competitive position. Finally, they need
us to turn those ideas and strategies into reality —
by building transformational experiences.
We’ll still need to be good at saying things. Tradition-
al, one-way advertising will continue to be a power-
ful marketing force. But it won’t be enough. We need
to make the things we say real by building experi-
ences that truly deliver on the promise — experiences
that establish a concrete and direct connection be-
tween the consumer and the brand.
It’s a new role. One that will challenge the status
quo. One that will stretch all of us to expand our view
of what it means to be a great agency. One that will
require new skills. And one that will drive deep col-
laboration between creative, technology, media, user
experience and analytics.
It’s a tremendous challenge. And it’s a huge
opportunity for those marketers who embrace it fully.
7

11. outlook
Trends to Watch 10
Shifting Their Focus: 16
A Look at 2008 Digital Ad Spending
by Razor sh™ Clients
Trends in Social In uence Marketing™ 26
Search Outlook 2009: 32
Pushing Search Forward in a Volatile Marketplace
Publishers of the Year 40

12. Conver ted to d
ig it a l c
a b le
O U T LO O K
Addicte
d to iP
h o ne
a pp
s
Trends to Watch
S k ip s
th e
com
me
rci
als

13. 1. Advertisers will turn to “measurability” and “differentiation”
in the recession
As the economy softens, advertisers will be asking more from
their budgets. Even those with healthy financials are likely to
push for, and command better price terms and concessions from
media companies, who are eager to fill the vast supply of ad
space available.
Agencies and advertisers will look to established pub- video and targeted media, or it could mean high qual-
lishers with reliable models to focus their investments ity engagement opportunities with select partners
as more scrutiny is placed on return on investment. who deliver unique brand engagement. The pressure
Depending on an advertiser’s goal, this might include points will be on “measurability” and “differentiation.”
proven performers like search, ad networks, online
11

14. 2. Search will not be immune to the Web site and across the Web. We can also
impact of the economy expect new social advertising formats and new
social research approaches to emerge that lever-
Budget cuts will be a reality for search marketers
age the complex relationships that occur within
for the rst time in recent memory, requiring them
a social graph. As social behaviors go main-
to do more with less in an increasingly volatile
stream, Social In uence Marketing™ is going to
landscape. Nevertheless, we expect the search
be glue that binds every digital strategy together.
landscape to continue to evolve and innovate,
with an increased focus on measurement and
4. Online ad networks will contract;
search engine optimization (SEO), and the rise of
open ad exchanges will expand
compelling opportunities in local and mobile
search. In 2009, the online ad network world will see
both contraction and expansion:
3. Social Influence Marketing™
The traditional ad network world will contract
will go mainstream
as competition for declining ad dollars increases.
2009 is going to be the year that Social In uence There are simply too many broad networks
Marketing truly goes mainstream. According to competing for the same inventory and not telling
Forrester Research, 75% of the online population a new story.
is now engaged in online social behaviors, and
At the same time, branded networks will expand.
with social strategies getting more integrated and
Large publishers (e.g. the Fox Audience Network
accountable, marketers are going to depend on
and Turner Entertainment) will continue to take
their customers, more than ever, to do the mar-
back control of their inventory and monetize
keting for them. Marketers this year will learn how
it themselves, or they will work with fewer ad
to deploy Social In uence Marketing campaigns
networks to ensure quality and maximize value.
more successfully compared to 2008, which had
its fair share of experimental failures. Expansion will also come in the form of Ad
Exchanges like Right Media, DoubleClick and
As new tools gain adoption like Facebook Con- AdECN, which are newer open markets for on-
nect, which has the power to make an individual line ad inventory that increase buying ef ciency
viewing experience social, and we begin to by delivering unprecedented transparency in
deepen our understanding of consumer interac- the process. Development of this ecosystem will
tions in social environments, we should see put further pressure on small and mid-tier ad
the lines blurring between marketing efforts on a networks to survive. If Ad Exchanges are widely

15. adopted, it could revolutionize how online media you want it. As GPS functionality and loca-
is bought and sold. tion-based intelligence begin to improve content
delivery and advertising through the mobile
5. This year, mobile will get smarter device, mobile will get smarter, and marketers
who leverage it will, too.
“The year of mobile” has come and gone with
the advent of the iPhone. Mobile is still an area of
6. Research and measurement
tremendous growth but the idea that it will have
will enter the digital age
a “break-out year” has passed. There is a risk
that the recession will curtail R&D spending in the Due to increased complexity in marketing, estab-
newer of new media and that mobile will take lished research and measurement conventions
a hit, but smart marketers will take advantage of are more challenged than ever. For this reason,
continued growth and opportunities — like 2009 will be a year for research reinvention.
mobile rich media ads, applications, mobile search
and location-based opportunities — to gain Current media mix models are falling down; they
an advantage. Despite tremendous growth in the are based on older research models that assume
mobile browsing population in 2008 (mobile media channels are by and large independent
browsing grew from 13% to 20% of all U.S.-based of one another. As media consumption changes
mobile users from Q1 2008 to Q1 2009 as per among consumers, and marketers include more
comScore’s M:Metrics), advertiser interest as well digital and disparate channels in the mix, it is
as the ad model infrastructure is still catching up. more important than ever to develop new media
mix models that recognize the intricacies of
The question brands need to ask themselves now channel interaction. Since online media is often
as it relates to mobile is: how can they add val- linked closely with other media (TV can drive
ue to their customers’ lives in this environment? search, search can drive magazine usage and so
A good example is the iFood Assistant mobile forth) we need to adopt new ways of measuring
application powered by Kraft, which offers recipe to account for the true complexity of media in the
and dinner ideas, or Wikitude AR, an augment- digital age.
ed reality application that, using a Webcam and
GPS functionality, overlays information from
Wikipedia onto your visual location. Both of these
applications provide the convenience of relevant
information at your ngertips when and where
13

16. 7. “Portable” and “beyond-the-browser” ways to search, discover, browse, organize and
opportunities will create new touchpoints for “touch” rich content like video. This will change
brands and content owners how we interact with the Web, our mobile devices
and our televisions moving forward. Collectively,
It was only a few short years ago that the bulk
these changes are opening the doors to incredible
of rich content was consumed via TV sets, home
new ways for advertisers to connect with con-
entertainment systems or desktop computers.
sumers.
The notion of portable media conjured up images
of retro Game Boys and clunky laptops. But Ap-
8. Going digital will help TV modernize
ple’s iPod changed all that, launching a portable
media revolution that continues to churn today. As TV signals convert to digital in June 2009, we
Advances in smartphones and entertainment will see an opening of opportunities in advanced
devices have delivered endless on-the-go options television. Through their media platforms and
for music, video, social networking, news and real time set-top box data, TiVo, Google TV and
email. The Web environment has witnessed start-up Navic Networks, which, like Razor sh™,
tremendous growth with embeddable content was recently acquired by Microsoft, have been
through widgets and applications, creating a offering limited scale options for increased
modular environment where people can share accountability and metrics in the TV space. This
information and in uence their networks online or coverage and opportunity will expand in 2009
remotely. Portable media has also come to mean with the digital conversion.
that content unhinged itself from legacy devices;
music is free from the turntable, primetime Advanced television providers, including the
broadcast is no longer limited to the TV, and so cable companies, are also growing their audience
on. The very things that de ne a media platform bases and their opportunities for marketers in
have become rather blurry. And it’ll only get the form of branded VOD channels, featuring long
more confusing — portability is phase 1. Further form content or t-commerce (purchasing through
evolution is clearly visible on the horizon, with television), both of which are often reached
content becoming more social and non-linear. by telescoping out from traditional 30-second
TV spot overlays. It is expected that progress
In addition, interface innovation ranging from by Project Canoe, the consortium of cable
gesture and object recognition tools like the Wii companies working on standards for television
to interactive, multi-touch storefront windows, in addressability, creative versioning and meas-
to new browsers like Cooliris, is enabling new urement, will also push the industry forward.

17. As social media elements begin to in uence video
(CNN’s social TV experience on the Web around the
inauguration was well-regarded), and alternative
television providers like Xbox provide social commu-
nities in the living room around premium content, we
may also see TV go social.
The desire for more for your money as well as more
interactivity, measurability and community will be
especially apparent in the TV space as it struggles to
modernize.
15

18. Adv
er t
is e
rs
co
n ti
nu
et
o
su
pp
or
O U T LO O K ea
ts
rc
h
—
Shifting Their Focus:
de
sp
ite
th e
ec
on
om
ic d
A look at 2008 Digital Ad Spending own
t urn
by Razorfish Clients
™
By Sarah Baehr, Vice President, Media, New York and National Media Lead

19. The increased potency of social networking is just one
example of why 2008 was a year that empowered Razorfish’s ™
flexibility and command of a deeper, wider, more sophisticated
digital channel.
Just as President Obama discovered he could build engaging users. As you’ll see from the statistics on
a movement and win an election through social our clients’ spending below, we saw several trends
media channels, our clients also recognized the power which underscored that last year, our focus had
that well-built digital strategies have on building mo- to become less about how much digital we do, and
mentum for brands, reinventing business models and more about how well we manage broader demands.
17

20. Broad trends in Razorfish™ client spending 2008 Media Distribution
As in the past, the net ad spend of Razor sh’s™ clients
was widely distributed. It spread across 1,024 Web
sites last year, as opposed to 1,832 Web sites in 2007, 12%
indicating a continued trend towards niche targeting
and the diversi cation of media choices. We saw a 37%
16%
decline in ad spend beginning late in the third quarter
across the agency, and the typical fourth quarter
over ow of budgets did not materialize. Growth from
the third to fourth quarter was 7%, versus 17% in
2007, showing the rst sign that the online market had 35%
been impacted by an increasingly weak economy.
Search
A closer look at the distribution of ad spend by
Verticals
Razor sh™ clients reveals several trends, including:
Portals
An increasing reliance on ROI and proven Ad Networks
channels like search
A continued shift of budget away from portals
Renewed fragmentation in the ad network space

21. Share of search spending increases
In 2008, paid search allocation grew, with share of Advertisers continue to support search despite
total ad spend among our clients increasing to 36% the downturn because it delivers a strong ROI, and
from 31% in 2007. While there was no fourth quarter for the most part, it continues to outperform other
spike as in previous years, there was very little tactics. While the marketing and media industries
variance quarter over quarter, indicating our clients’ speculate on whether search is recession-proof,
desire for consistent presence in search. we do anticipate that as budgets tighten, search will
also be impacted by the economy this year.
Among our clients, Google captured 72% of the total
category. Yahoo! continued at a distant second at
22%, while Microsoft continued to be challenged with
a 4% share.
Spend Distribution 2004 — 2008
50%
47 42
39
40% 37 37 Verticals
Search
28 28 35
30% Portals
31 31
19 Networks
20% 24
15 16
13
10%
12 12 11 11 12
0%
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
19

22. Vertical placements move emphasis
away from portals
Vertical placements saw a slight decrease year-on- In the U.S., unlike previous years, we have seen
year, from a 39% share in 2007 to 35% in 2008. While the dominance of general ad networks wane and the
still prominent and strategic partners for marketers, opportunity to buy similar inventory in premium
portals continued to trend downward in 2008, garner- branded environments rise. The ability to buy and tar-
ing a 16% share, versus 19% in 2007. Scale still get within the gated environments of premium sites
matters, but the choices available that deliver depth are a boost to the vertical category and offer new,
and breadth outside of the portals continue to more transparent choices as advertisers look for both
rise. Outside the U.S., however, the portal category safe and ef cient options to promote their brands
received a large percentage — nearly 26% of share in this economy.
of spend, indicating that the scale and quality of por-
tals abroad still dominates.
Vertical Spend Comparison
25% 23
20% 19 2006
18
17 17
16 2007
15
15% 13 2008
12
11 11
10 10 10 10 10 10
10% 9
8 8 8
7 7
6 6
5
5% 4
0%
ity
s
rts
ce
t
ch
l
th
ss
ve
en
ew
l
ne
un
n
Te
ea
o
a
m
re
Sp
N
Tr
si
m
H
in
fe
Bu
om
rta
Re
te
C
En

23. 2008 Vertical Spend In entertainment, sites with strong video and audio
capabilities drove the growth of this category. Stand-
outs are Pandora, which saw a 142% increase, and
6% Hulu which went from zero in 2007 to a 3% share
7% of the category last year. These dramatic increases
24%
7% re ect the maturation of the video landscape in terms
of the growing audience and the offerings it provides
10% advertisers.
15%
10% Lifestyle sites as a subset of entertainment grew at
the expense of the health category, as pharmaceutical
10% 11%
advertisers in particular showed they were com-
fortable with advertising on sites outside of the health
Entertainment category. Pharmaceutical advertisers had a much
Community broader appetite for diversity of content and af nity-
Reference based targeting, and a growing trust in digital as a
Travel branding medium. Similar to the concentration of
Health dollars we see in ad networks, the top ve publishers
Business in the health category amassed 68% of the ad spend;
News WebMD remains the leader with a 36% share of the
Sports category.
Tech
In a year in which we had a historic election and the
Olympics, news as a category was down. In 2008, we
saw newspapers and magazines continue to strug-
As we look at vertical spending in the U.S., two trends gle and our data supports the notion that print dollars
emerge: a signi cant jump (18% to 24% year-on- are not translating to online. 38% of the spend in the
year) in money allotted to the entertainment category, news category was spread out amongst 25 traditional
which includes video and lifestyle sites, and a decline print publishers, pointing not only to the tremendous
in spending within the health category (from 15% in fragmentation of online advertising but also suggesting
2006 to 10% in 2008). that traditional ad powerhouses continue to struggle
to establish a similar presence online.
21

24. Category Share vs. Site Growth
150% 142
100% 81
62
50%
27
0
0%
-15
-50%
t
r
ity
a
l
t
en
ve
so
ke
or
un
m
a
vi
nd
uc
Tr
Ad
m
in
ob
Pa
ta
om
ip
ot
er
Tr
C
Ph
t
En
Unlike video, spending in the community vertical, which marketing cannot be achieved with banners; instead,
is still one of our top two categories and includes they placed their attention on leveraging social as
social media spending, seems to have attened out a core part of their overall marketing strategy. In the
from 2007 to 2008. Facebook and MySpace still short term, this trend indicates that there won’t
garnered 24% of the ad spend in the category, while be an in ux of spend in social media; however, it dem-
About.com, Federated Media and Photobucket, which onstrates that our clients are approaching social
saw a 63% growth year-on-year, rounded out the top media not as a tactic but as a foundation upon which
ve in this category. While industry standards around to build an effective communication strategy.
ad models related to social media are still evolving ,
clients last year realized that effective social in uence

25. Ad Network Consolidation
100%
80% All Others
Top 5
60%
40%
49 63 76 62
20%
0%
2005 2006 2007 2008
2008 was the rst year that we saw mobile ad spend- ities to diversify their buys. As said above, advertiser
ing pop; it represented 1% of the vertical category concerns about transparency and ef cacy have re-
and 3% of the entertainment category. While still a sulted in spending growth within broad premium envi-
edgling area, we saw a strong desire from marketers ronments or “branded networks” like CondéNet, NBC
to test and subsequently expand their efforts in Universal and Fox Interactive Media (not including
mobile. We believe that despite the poor economy, MySpace). Branded networks represented 15% of the
marketers will continue to invest in mobile marketing, spend in this category.
although growth may be limited to the single digits
in the near term. Despite the drive towards increased ef ciency because
of the recession, ad networks as a category saw
Consolidation and fragmentation only a slight increase in share year-over-year. One trend
within ad networks reversal we saw was in the concentration of spend
amongst the top ve ad networks dropping to 62%
The ad network category saw 62% of spending con-
from 76% in 2007. A few things contributed to this
centrated within the top ve ad networks and 72%
change in direction. The rst is a rise in spend outside
within the top ten. This continues to illustrate a move
the U.S. and the development of branded networks
towards consolidation but the trend is slightly down
such as Forbes, Turner Entertainment and Fox Audi-
year-on-year; buyers continue to look for opportun-
23

26. ence Network, and the move of many premium adver- media — but it will also be an opportunity to explore
tisers away from general networks. Additionally, the new buying methods, such as conducting business
rise of specialty vertical networks like the community through ad exchanges, and learning how to employ
sites BuzzLogic, Six Apart, Lotame and BlogHer social in uence marketing strategies that have value
has further fragmented this category and put a refo- for consumers and brands alike.
cus on testing the emergent opportunities.
Whatever happens, one thing is for certain: we’ll all
Another trend we expect in 2009 is the increased learn how to do more with less. And be smarter for it.
usage of ad exchanges (like those offered by Yahoo!’s
Right Media and Google’s DoubleClick), and tools
that allow agencies to directly buy within those
environments. CPM pricing pressure and the buyer’s
market mentality will only further muddy the 2009
landscape, but the battle to maintain pricing and
manage inventory pools among publishers is sure
to be front and center. The continued rumblings
of anti-ad network sentiment by premium publishers
is only going to increase pressure on the small-
and mid-tier ad networks to differentiate, leading to
a signi cantly-altered and, perhaps, consolidated
network landscape going into 2010.
2009: A glass that is half-empty may be half-full
The world, in the year to come, is one in which many
of us in advertising will see as a glass half-empty.
A at year would be a good outcome for digital adver-
tising in 2009, and while many major publishers will Footnote:
see a YOY drop, there will still be winners. We are in Note that in previous Digital Outlook Reports, Razor sh™
the midst of a historic time when industries, that some has released total media billings for the previous year. In the
2008 report, we have included more detail on spending by
would argue were the foundations of our economy,
category and publisher than we have in past years. Because
may be doomed — but there is also an opportunity many of our publisher contracts preclude us from publicly
for new business models to take root and thrive. Yes, disclosing total spend with speci c publishers, we have
2009 will be a tough year for all media, even digital opted not to release total billings for 2008.

27. 25

28. O U T LO O K
Trends in
Social Influence
B ou
ght a
Marketing ™
new l
aptop ba
By Shiv Singh, Vice President and Global Social Media Lead
s e d o n c o n s u m e r r ev i ew
e
li n
on
s
ng
pi
op
sh
as
tm
ris
Ch
h er
D o e s 87 % o f
og
bl
n
s ig
de
ne
w
a
o ut
ab
nd
ri e
il af
ma
to e
in g
Is go

29. A year ago, we developed a hypothesis that the way
people were influencing each other — online, in small groups,
through peer pressure, reciprocity or flattery — was giving
rise to a whole new form of marketing that we called Social
Influence Marketing (SIM). ™
We de ned it as marketing to the network of peers Today, SIM is not just a hypothesis. It is a driving
that surround and in uence the customer across force that affects everything we do as an agency and,
social platforms and on brand Web sites. The rise of as we’re impressing upon our clients, it matters more
SIM re ected the emerging thinking in our agency that than ever in this economic downturn as consumers
the social Web and the mainstream Web were con- across the country are losing faith in large institutions
verging, and that digital marketers needed to deliver and experts, and instead are turning to each other
better value exchanges to consumers and allow for for advice. In fact, we believe it is as important a mar-
in uence more directly. keting dimension as the traditional pillars of brand
marketing and direct response. It is even bigger than
we thought it was.
27

30. Now, as SIM becomes more mature, 2009 will be the more attention. An event like the Motrin episode,
year in which differentiating between good and bad in which a group of social media- uent mothers
SIM will get easy — a year in which every campaign, managed to force Motrin to pull down an online
every marketing effort and even every digital bus- video they found offensive, will not happen
iness transformation activity (where digital is used to quite as much this year because marketers will
transform core business processes) will need a social focus on SIM more.
in uence component. It will be a year in which com-
panies realize that social in uence must be harnessed
2. The focus will shift to influencers. Who are
strategically if they want to transform their brands,
these people that in uence your customers
their relationships with their customers — and their
and how does their in uence actually work? This
businesses too. It will also be a year in which mar-
will come into sharper focus, as reaching the
keters discover which agencies truly grasp SIM and
in uencers gets easier via the social graph and
which ones have only a tenuous hold on it.
the plethora of technology vendors that make
targeting easier. Different in uencers will matter
With those broad themes as a guide, what exactly
at different stages of the marketing funnel, too.
can you expect in 2009? Here are 10 speci c trends
For example, at the point-of-purchase, friends
to look for:
and family may matter the most in determining
what a consumer buys, while at the awareness
1. Social media usage will result in more influ-
stage, key in uencers, like the bloggers at
ence. As social media adoption climbs exponen-
Edmunds.com, carry more weight. We’ll also nd
tially, so too will the in uence conversations
a way to put a valuation on each consumer’s
in a social context have on brand af nity and pur-
potential in uence for speci c product catego-
chasing decisions. Participating in a conver-
ries. Google and a few others are already taking
sation online, sharing an opinion and in uencing
a crack at de ning your in uence rank.
a purchasing decision explicitly or implicitly
are becoming second nature for more and more
consumers. The only thing that will prevent these 3. Top-down branding will experience growing
messages from spreading is that a lot of this impotence. Most brand managers are used
in uence happens in small groups within the to de ning their brands in relative isolation of the
walled gardens of the social networks and there- marketplace — or they do extensive customer
fore goes unnoticed. That will change in 2009 research and see it as their jobs alone to de ne
as social network analysis vendors help us peek the brand (or the manifestation of the brand)
over the wall and, as a result, marketers pay in different forms. That’s going to change as con-

31. sumers de ne the brands by the sheer volume 5. The portable social graph will fuel marketing
of their opinions; they’ll be shaping the brands innovation. Arguably, the most successful
more than the brands will be shaping them. manifestations of the social graph we’ve seen
As a result, in order for them to be remembered, so far are in the news feeds and activity streams
brands will be forced to deliver much stronger that reside on social platforms like Facebook
value propositions to their customers. Cute adver- and Twitter. Expect to see new innovations that
tising won’t be enough as the focus shifts to harness the social graph imaginatively, especially
value exchanges. If you’re a brand manager, you at the awareness and consideration stages of
can either ght this or treat it as an opportunity the marketing funnel. The early implementations
to take your career in a different direction. of Facebook Connect, which extends users’
connections with their Facebook friends to other
sites, barely scratch the surface of what’s pos-
4. Social advertising will grow up. We’re all tired
sible. For example, imagine your personal pro le
of hearing about the failures of advertising
being used for targeting content and advertising.
on social platforms. Not surprisingly, IDC calls
And imagine this happening across the Web,
advertising on social networks “stillborn,” as it
and not just on the social network where the pro-
has been plagued by low click-through rates and
le resides.
confusing advertising formats. Although there
are many formats, such as so-called app-vertis-
ing, hypertargeting and engagement ads, we 6. Not just friends, but friendsters, will start to
haven’t found what really works. That will change matter. There have been a lot of debates about
in 2009 as ad units evolve to work more harmoni- whether a person’s “real” friends matter in a
ously with user behavior on social platforms. social graph — call it the tension between friends
Display advertising in the broader Web, too, will and friendsters. In 2009, we’re going to realize
become more social, as linking display adver- that loose ties (like your friendsters on Facebook)
tising to forms of social marketing — like blogger are as valuable as your strong ties (close friends)
outreach, social credits, engagement programs because they’re the ones that bring new ideas
and widgets that let you mix in your own content into your world and share your opinions with
— become more important. However, there are people who are further removed from you. You’ll
no guarantees that this will be completely gured be less con icted about them and you’ll share
out within the course of the year. more of your life with them. And the best way to
understand this trend will be by paying more
attention to academia and researchers like Mark
29

32. Granovetter, Barry Wellman and Duncan J. porations to rethink how they are organized,
Watts, all of whom have shaped theories govern- including agencies. Niche social media consulting
ing in uence across social networks. rms will nd it harder to compete as SIM goes
mainstream.
7. Social influence research will become more
important than social measurement. Do 9. The intranet will join the Web. By virtue
you want to know how? By focusing on meaning of buying media for our clients, building massive
rather than measurement. To think in terms of Web sites and designing intranets too, we have
social as a channel that should be measured like a unique perspective on all things digital. And
TV, print, radio or digital is missing the point. something we’ve learned in the last few years is
Instead, the greatest value in social for marketers that the boundaries between the corporate Web
will be in the real-time insights it provides. We site and the intranet are blurring. Your employees
call this Social In uence Research and it is going want to collaborate and share knowledge with
to drive marketing campaigns, product devel- peers who work outside your organization too.
opment and customer service programs. There Your intranet is going to need to encourage and
will be an evolution from measuring sentiment allow for that kind of collaboration if you want
to understanding opinion and synchronizing to be competitive in this economic environment
it with the Net Promoter scores. Why? Because with fewer employees having to do more work.
marketers care about opinion much more than The best ideas can come from anywhere and the
they do about sentiment. best people will look for others like them to col-
laborate with. They may be in your company —
but they may not be. If they aren’t, you better give
8. Marketers will organize around Social Influ-
your employees the tools to reach them.
ence Marketing™. In today’s organization, SIM is
everyone’s stepchild. It is part public relations,
part direct response, part brand marketing, part 10. Your CEO will join Facebook. We believe it’s
customer intelligence and part sales support, nally going to happen this year — your CEO
just to name a few categories. That will change is going to succumb to the pressure from employ-
in 2009 as marketing organizations discover the ees and join Facebook, or at the very least,
bene ts in approaching it holistically. Budgets LinkedIn. If he (or she) is smart, he’ll be on a blog-
will be put behind SIM and it will be treated as the ging or micro-blogging service too, sharing his
third dimension of marketing with its own team, perspective in an authentic fashion. Why does
objectives and initiatives. This will also force cor- this matter? Because by doing this, he is going to

33. nally realize that social is not a fad; it is fund-
amentally changing how we relate and interact
with each other and with brands online. He is
going to want to get on board. It also means that,
if you’re not already, you had better get on board
yourself or you’ll be left behind.
These are the 10 Social In uence Marketing™ trends
we’re predicting for 2009. Like we did last year, we’ll
evaluate these trends in July and then again at the
end of the year. Now that SIM is so obviously real,
we’ll see which brands are able to truly capitalize on
it. Those that do will transform their business relation-
ships with their customers, employees and partners.
31

34. Ma
ps
an
dd
ire
c ti
on
sc
on
st
i tu
te
69
of
%
m
ob
il e
se
ar
ch
es
O U T LO O K
Search Outlook:
Pushing Search Forward in a Volatile Marketplace
By Matt Greitzer, Vice President, Search, New York and National Search Lead
and Josh Palau, Vice President, SEO, Global

35. It’s expected that 2009 will likely be a challenging year for
search marketing. While budget cutbacks won’t be as severe as in
other channels, they are still a reality for search marketers — for
the first time in memory. This requires them to do less with more in
an increasingly volatile landscape.
Nevertheless, we expect the landscape to continue mobile arenas. In this article, we identify the key
evolving, with an increased focus on measurement factors that will shape the search market domain over
and search engine optimization (SEO) and the rise the next year.
of compelling opportunities in the local search and
33

36. Volatility in the paid search landscape suspicious of last-click, search-driven attribution
models, and also less willing to accept the validity of
2009 represents perhaps the rst year in the brief
portfolio optimization, wherein high-performing
history of paid search advertising where same-client
keywords subsidize low performers. This means the
budgets are declining year-over-year. To that extent,
standard optimization toolkit of search engine
the Razor sh™ client base is representative of the
marketers may need to be restocked with new tools
search marketing industry overall; same-client bud-
— and therein lies the opportunity. Now, more than
gets in 2009 should be at to down 10% versus the
ever, marketers are intensely interested in revisiting
previous year. These budget pullbacks will drastically
their assumptions about ROI and how it is measured.
shift the paid search competitive landscape in
In this new period of open-mindedness, marketers
unpredictable ways, as previously entrenched com-
with multi-channel approaches are developing cus-
petitors pull back on their paid search efforts, and
tom attribution models that take into account search
abandon certain categories entirely — a trend that
marketing’s impact beyond immediate, click-based
has already begun. These pullbacks will create pock-
direct response — and working to understand value
ets of opportunity within keyword categories, prev-
outside whether or not those clicks lead to online
iously unattainable due to cost constraints. To some
purchases. By combining quantitative and qualitative
extent, we expect search engines to mitigate CPC
information, they are developing key purchase indi-
(cost per click) pricing volatility through their built-in
cators that help determine how search-driven traf c
pricing controls (e.g. quality score). Nevertheless,
corresponds with purchase intent off the site.
pockets of “undervalued” inventory are emerging.
Search marketers able to take advantage of these
This approach is valuable for all search marketers
opportunities will keep a keen eye on the competitive
with sales channels beyond their Web site, and
landscape, and look for shifts in competitive activity
is transformational for non-transactional advertisers.
that may signal an opening.
Indeed, the proliferation of accepted methods for
valuing search-driven traf c beyond direct response
A focus on new metrics
is perhaps the brightest spot in search marketing
The more conservative spending environment will in 2009, as marketers in the consumer packaged-
also result in increasing scrutiny of metrics. In 2009, goods and pharmaceutical categories embrace
search advertisers will be reassessing long-held meaningful metrics to inform their search marketing
beliefs about how they measure success through the investments. They will no longer have to guess the
search marketing channel, presenting both a threat value of search clicks; these advertisers will increase
and an opportunity to the search marketing industry. their search marketing investments with a solid
That threat is easily de ned: marketers today are grasp on what their investments are truly worth.

37. Focus on the site-side Two forces are converging to hasten this develop-
ment. First, after three years of intense focus on
If the shift toward a new approach to measurement
paid search, advertisers are more con dent they are
represents the inward focus of search marketing
covering the relevant ground in that area. They can
in 2009, so too does the increased focus on the mar-
now shift their attention to how they appear in unpaid
keter Web site — and its connection with the search
listings, using SEO — a tactic many have neglected.
marketing experience. With growing budget con-
Second, pressure on marketing investments is caus-
straints, search marketers will focus on getting more
ing advertisers to get more from less. With average
out of their investments through more effective site-
SEO engagements in the low six gures, this tactic
side experiences. No longer a secondary consider-
provides a compelling opportunity. We expect this to
ation, conversion path optimization and eld analysis
be expressed in the following ways:
will take hold in 2009 as a standard tool in the search
marketer’s toolkit. Additionally, 2009 may nally see
The creation of search-centric content
the end of the “point and shoot” philosophy in paid
Content continues to be a dominant factor in strong
search marketing — whereby advertisers simply point
search engine performance. Now, more than ever,
paid search clicks at the most relevant pre-existing
Web site owners are using search query activity
pages on their Web sites. Advertisers are making in-
to drive how they develop content on their sites,
creasing investments in search-centric landing pages
linking user experience and content strategy with
and mini-sites with the intent to align their content
search engine marketing to create content that
with searcher intent. The focus on the site in 2009 will
aligns with searcher intent. CondéNet, for example,
allow advertisers to get more from their search mar-
used search query data to inform the launch
keting dollars, and nowhere is that more true than in
of its Portfolio.com Web site, building out speci c
the increasing focus on SEO.
content pages for key business executives who
garner large search query volume. Through their
Focus on SEO
effectiveness in organic search rankings, these
If investments in paid search marketing are under pages are among the most traf cked section of the
increasing pressure in 2009, the opposite is true of Portfolio Web site.
investments in SEO. In fact, 2009 will likely be the
year larger advertisers nally give it its rightful place
in the marketing arsenal.
35

38. An emphasis on driving more Marketers will have to make use of assets such
search “shelf space” as press releases, videos, news feeds and product
Content created in multiple formats allows market- reviews as ways to seek relevant links. As SEO
ers to increase their search footprint and control implementation demands persist, link development
the search experience. Marketers now have the continues to be a great way to succeed in search
opportunity to optimize their product page, create engine results pages without straining resources.
a video on product usage, post commercials
featuring their spokesperson, create new product Local search: An ongoing shift from
press releases and tag product images, creating print directories to online
what we call additional “shelf space” for their own
By Danny Huynh, Associate Search Director, Seattle
content on the search results page. In addition,
and National Local Search Lead and Rob Aronson,
social media savvy marketers may develop blogs,
Vice President, SEM Product Development, Philadelphia
Twitter pro les or Facebook groups that engage
active audiences. All these assets can be crawled 2008 saw local search engines surpass print
and ranked by search engines, providing not only directories as the leading source of local information.
the opportunity to increase marketers’ search With the digital landscape dominating local search
shelf space but also to develop more links to their information in 2009, marketers with brick-and-mortar
content. locations can no longer ignore the local search
opportunity. And though Google is increasing
The continuing importance of links its presence in local search, local is by no means a
Without engaging in the paid link debate (which is one-player game. Consumer usage is distributed
certainly spilling into 2009), there is no arguing that across search engines, Internet yellow pages, niche
links are still important. The created — or optimized local directories and review sites. In fact, the primary
— assets can be used in several ways. Some may challenge in local search marketing is no longer
not pass link value but can still be used as link one of scale; it’s execution. The task of launching and
bait. And signi cant link value can be attained if an maintaining a local search campaign can be daunt
in uential blogger or Web site links to your assets. ing, and advertisers of all sizes will increasingly turn
There are many areas from which link strategies to automated feed management solutions to maintain
may emerge, and big ideas must be implemented accurate local search listings across varied search
swiftly before they become obsolete or overused. engines and directories.

39. Expect some consolidation in 2009 as the three critical role in helping users access and navigate
biggest search engines, and yellow pages companies, the robust amount of content and offerings available.
seek to solidify their position in local search. Either As users spend more time glued to the handset be-
through acquisitions of niche sites such as Yelp cause of new user interfaces and applications, search
or Angie’s List, or through the distribution of local is in a position to become its centerpiece. In short,
search marketing platforms, this consolidation as the habits and needs of mobile users begin to mir-
will mean the local search landscape will simplify in ror a PC user’s, so too does the way information is
2009 for marketers and consumers alike. accessed — search will become the go-to application.
Mobile search: Coming closer to the cusp These advances in software and services have
blurred the lines of mobile search. Previously, mobile
By Justin Scarborough, Senior Search Manager,
search was thought to consist of ve experiences:
New York
on-deck (a mobile carrier’s branded portal), off-deck
It seems as though mobile search has been on the (Google, Yahoo!, Live.com and other engines accessed
cusp of broad adoption for over ve years. While 2009 via the Web), applications, voice (operator-assisted
may still not be “The Year of Mobile Search,” the future search) and SMS.
is very rosy due to a few key areas of development.
Today, however, we are starting to see a convergence,
First and foremost is the increasing adoption of smart not only of these experiences, but also of the types
phones, such as the iPhone, and cell phone plans of handsets that drive each type of search. Whereas
that enable unlimited data access, which in turn sup- in the past, the type of search performed on the
ports increased mobile browsing. This trend is ex- mobile phone was predicated on device functionality
pected to become substantially more popular over the and data availability, we now nd that where and how
next ve years. With that will come a corresponding users search depends on personal preference and
rise in mobile search: it is expected to nearly double need. Applications now support multiple types of
from 28.8 million U.S. users in 2008 to 56 million U.S. search (see Google’s iPhone application with voice)
users by 2011. and search engines (mobile browsers with change-
able default search bars) — and carriers are increas-
The second major impact on the growth of mobile ingly teaming up with Web-based search engines
search is the advancement of mobile technology and, to power on-deck search portals, which often come
more speci cally, software. As the mobile industry in the form of an application on a smart phone. One
becomes more serious about software, services and needs only look at recent announcements by Verizon
content, mobile search will play an increasingly and AT&T (set to partner with Microsoft and Yahoo!,
37

40. Respectively), for on-deck searches across their real time and with GPS location functionality. This
networks to see how carriers, who have traditionally is the latest example of convergence offered in mobile
not shared on-deck search, have come to the con- search: enhancing a very PC-centric search task —
clusion that mobile search is better controlled and product price comparison — by making it an in-store
monetized by their Web counterparts. Lastly, the experience. Add on the ability to use GPS to get
notion that SMS search is exclusive to non-data sub- the lower price, and you’ve got a pretty revolutionary
scribers or non-smart phones is being challenged. customer experience.
The monumental growth of Cha-Cha, which not only
surpassed Yahoo! in October 2008, only 10 months With the change of consumer-usage patterns comes
after its inception, to become the second largest the increased expectation that advertiser-con-
SMS based search engine, also counts 20% of its sumer interactions will be highly-relevant and highly-
users as smart phone owners. For instance, users of targeted, putting search at the center of the mobile
T-Mobile’s G1, the rst phone to run on Google’s advertising space. As with PC-based search, mobile
Android platform, have the ability to search the Web search is poised to become the entry point to many
or use an application, but still like to ask Cha-Cha a Web interactions and a key point of contact between
question, and have the answer in one to two minutes. advertisers and consumers. How will brands begin
to adapt to the new evolution of searcher interaction?
The information users seek on a mobile device is also Will they be catalysts or passive engagers? Will
poised to change. Currently, the leading content they interrupt or aid users? As it has been for paid
categories searched by mobile users are maps/direc- search, SEO and local search, the rst brands to
tions (69%), weather (65%), local information (62%), get it right may be able to gain an early advantage in
news (51%) and entertainment (43%). As the mobile the next search frontier.
search experience begins to mirror that of the PC,
so too do the expectations for types of content. This
means users will increasingly begin to see the mobile
device not only as a source of localized informa-
tion on the go, but as an aid to many of their everyday
tasks. Consider three shopping applications: G1’s
Shop Savvy, the iPhone’s LikeThis and Amazon.com
applications. All three offer the ability to either scan
a bar code or take an actual picture of a product,
and then send it to a database that identi es the
product and provides price comparisons — often in

41. 39

42. T he
e pi t
om
eo
fs
er v
ic e
,c
re
at
iv i
ty
an
d
re
spo
ns
ive
ne s
s
O U T LO O K
Publishers
of the Year

43. It was overall service that, in 2008, differentiated the top
publishers from one another. Creativity may have helped mask
the shortfall of an offering, responsiveness may have delivered
an important meeting and strong ROI may have yielded a renewal,
but it was the combination of these qualities that brought true
partnerships to life.
“In this quickly changing environment, where new
technology and publisher solutions are constantly
emerging, it’s easy to get distracted by the new shiny
Publisher of the Year – EAST
object. A huge differentiator is quality service. Pub-
lishers that understand and nurture the relationship
aspect of the business come out on top.”
— Julie Weitzner, Media Director, Razorfish™, NY
Publisher of the Year – CENTRAL
The Razor sh™ media team anonymously voted on
the publishers that epitomized service, creativity
and responsiveness in 2008, all with an eye toward
delivering meaningful solutions for our clients. The
2008 publishers of the year are ...
Publisher of the Year – WEST
41

44. what’s
emerging
Digital Media Escapes From the PC: 44
Unlocking Opportunity for Consumers and Marketers
Ad Exchanges: 52
Revolutionizing the Buy-Sell Process
Social Object Theory: 56
The Secret Ingredient for Powering
Social In uence Marketing™ Campaigns
For Here or To Go? How Portable Media Is Like Fast Food 62
Top 10 Mobile Applications to Watch 66
Getting Smart With Mobile Marketing: 78
How Mobile Marketing Is Evolving in Europe and the U.S.

46. ide r online viewing a
ons rep
er sc lac
em
view en
f
tf
o
or
0%
T
1. 5
V
Th
C
is
EO
is
ab
W H AT ’S EM ER G I N G ou
t to
jo in
Face
Digital Media
b ook
Escapes From the PC:
Unlocking Opportunity
for Consumers and Marketers
By Jeremy Lockhorn, Director, Emerging Media, Seattle

47. The last decade has been a time of radical change and
reinvention for the media ecosystem. 2008 was no different.
Perhaps the most shocking change in the media and advertising
industries was the pace at which digital and Web-based tech-
nologies began to penetrate the mainstream and displace tradi-
tional forms of advertising.
Digital long ago escaped the browser via a proliferation perhaps the poster boy of this movement. But other
of widgets and other applications rooted in Web-like platforms showed incredible growth in Web or
systems — but in 2008, digital also escaped the con- Web-like systems: the mobile device, the television,
nes of the PC. Digital signage grew rapidly and is in-store media and more.
45

48. At the same time, we saw massive changes in the that the rise of TiVos and other digital recording de-
way people interact with the digital world and how vices as well as “video snacking” online have forced
the digital world interacts with them. The availability broadcasters to change their business models, yet
of technologies like gesture and image recognition their “replacements...are not necessarily ready for
helped this along, sparked by the Wii, which taught prime time.” Still, despite the drop in viewership and
people how to work with devices via natural move- dif cult economic conditions, U.S. ad spending on
ment. Apple’s iPhone and Microsoft’s Surface, which TV stayed relatively steady through the end of the
both allow interaction without a mouse or keyboard, year, a surprising trend that we do not expect to last.
took this one step further with speci c applications
developed to take full advantage of the unique Many in the TV industry insist that online viewing
capabilities like GPS, intuitive multi-touch and object is additive — that individual consumers watch shows
recognition. both online and on TV, rather than replacing TV view-
ership with online. However, a study from research
These changes are opening the doors to incredible rm Integrated Media Measurement said May 2008
new ways for advertisers to connect with consumers. marked the rst time that a signi cant portion of
This section will examine some of these key emerging U.S.-based online viewers of primetime, episodic TV
media trends and provide implications for marketers. shows didn’t watch part of those shows on TV.
What’s more, 50% of viewers consider online viewing
Online video threatens TV ad model, a replacement for TV, according to the rm. A Deloitte
but neither channel has found a new one survey also found that nearly 6 in 10 U.S. consumers
would like to easily integrate their televisions with
The digital marketing and media site, eMarketer, found
their computers to download or watch online content.
that online video continued its rapid growth curve,
reaching 154.2 million monthly viewers as of Novem-
These trends have stoked the ongoing battle for digi-
ber 2008. Sites like Hulu, a joint venture between
tal media ownership in the living room. Key players
NBC Universal and News Corporation, won industry
continue to invest in solutions, perhaps best exempli-
praise and have begun to amass signi cant audi-
ed by Apple’s signi cant update to Apple TV, as
ences. Meanwhile, TV viewership continues to fall in
well as Microsoft’s complete overhaul of its Xbox user
aggregate — at the end of 2008, The New York Times
interface. The Xbox initiative was arguably aimed
reported that cumulative viewership across the four
at creating a more mainstream interface with broader
broadcast networks was down 10% overall — roughly
appeal and easier access to downloadable content,
a million fewer viewers each night. At NATPE in Jan-
including the “instant watch” library from Net ix.
uary 2008, NBC Universal CEO Jeff Zucker, declared
We are also closely watching companies like VUDU,

49. which makes a set-top box that downloads HD movies. are — in some ways — an effort to inject TV with
While certainly not the rst company to launch this pieces of what makes online advertising so powerful.
model, VUDU has been getting rave reviews. It is
poised to launch a rich Internet application platform, To echo Zucker’s sentiment, even online video is still
allowing developers to deploy Web applications in search of the right business and advertising model.
on TV. As such, these companies have the potential The debate over whether or not pre-roll and mid-
to empower next generation Web content and experi- roll formats are appropriate drags on, even while the
ences on the TV. models dominates video ad spend. Overlays, which
give users the option of whether to watch a video
The device that wins will seamlessly integrate Web ad or not, seem to provide a better value exchange
content with content from other sources, such as for consumers but have yet to gain broad traction.
cable, onto the TV, since consumers will undoubtedly
want to put their large, at-panel HDTVs to good use. New technologies, however, hold promise for cre-
But consumers also want complete control over the ating ever more advanced video advertising models.
content — a trend that has become all too clear over Companies like ZunaVision and Innovid are working
the last couple of years. on inserting Flash-based assets into video post-pro-
duction, so a blank wall in a video could suddenly
Increasing online viewership, and widespread contain a movie poster, digitally inserted at the time
ad-skipping via the DVR, pose challenges to the TV of delivery. While it’s too early to say for certain what
business model, reducing the audience that watches business model will evolve from these technologies,
advertising. Many in the TV industry look to forth- one could imagine product placement becoming
coming capabilities like addressability (increasing the a dynamically served and targeted model. This would
relevance of TV ads by targeting spots — and even bring analytical capabilities, behavioral targeting
pieces of spots — at an individual household level) and optimization potential to areas within the video
and interactive TV, as potential saviors. Early small- itself and could launch a revolutionary new business
market tests have indeed shown promise, and the model. Both companies are also working to enable
launch of Canoe Ventures (a consortium of the largest interactivity, staying true to the promise of consumer
cable operators, aimed at driving innovation and control.
scale with advanced TV advertising), as well as the
growing momentum behind EBIF and Tru2Way (tech-
nologies which enable interactivity and applications
via set-top boxes) bode well for the ecosystem. At
its most basic level, these advanced TV technologies
47