Media freedom, media laws & ethics first amendment slander/libel & invasion of privacy copyrights & intellectual ownership federal communication commission technical/infrastructure web etiquette or netiquette

1. MEDIA FREEDOM, MEDIA LAWS & ETHICS
FIRST AMENDMENT
SLANDER/LIBEL & INVASION OF PRIVACY
COPYRIGHTS & INTELLECTUAL OWNERSHIP
FEDERAL COMMUNICATION COMMISSION
TECHNICAL/INFRASTRUCTURE
WEB ETIQUETTE OR NETIQUETTE
BY
ZARMEEN DURRANI

2. FREEDOM OF MEDIA
 Freedom of the media is the principle that communication and expression
through various media, including printed and electronic media, especially
published materials, should be considered a right to be exercised freely.
 Such freedom implies the absence of interference from an overreaching state;
its preservation may be sought through constitutional or other legal
protections.
 With respect to governmental information, any government may distinguish
which materials are public or protected from disclosure to the public.
 State materials are protected due to either of two reasons:
i. the classification of information as sensitive, classified or secret,
ii. the relevance of the information to protecting the national interest.

3. CONTENTS OF PRESS FREEDOM
 Censorship
 Political affiliation
 Objectivity and impartiality
 Media laws
 PEMRA

4.  Definition & meanings
“Censorship is the suppression
of speech or other public
communication which may be
considered:
 Objectionable
 Harmful
 Sensitive
 The act of becoming formally
connected or joined.
 Political Affiliations within a
media source can influence the type
of news and the angle in which this
news is presented.
CENSORSHIP POLITICALAFFILIATION

5. Impartiality
“Impartial as not being biased and as
unprejudiced.”
Objectivity
“It defines objective as uninfluenced
by emotional, or personal prejudice;
based on observable phenomena;
presented factually”
Media Law encompasses laws
regulating radio and TV broadcasting
to assure satisfactory service and to
prevent disorganization.
OBJECTIVITY AND
IMPARTIALITY
MEDIA LAWS

6. MEDIA LAWS IN PAKISTAN
The first step in introducing media laws in the country was done by the
then military ruler and President Ayub Khan who promulgated the Press
and Publication Ordinance (PPO) in 1962. The law empowered the
authorities to confiscate newspapers, close down news providers, and
arrest journalists. Using these laws, Ayub Khan nationalized large parts of
the press and took over one of the two largest newsagencies.

7. MEDIA LAWS IN PAKISTAN
More draconian additions were made to the PPO during the reign of General
Zia-Ul-Haq in the 1980s. According to these new amendments, the publisher
would be liable and prosecuted if a story was not to the liking of the
administration even if it was factual and of national interest.
From 2002, under General Pervez Musharraf, the Pakistani media faced a
decisive development that would lead to a boom in Pakistani electronic media .
TV broadcasting and FM radio licenses were issued to private media outlets.

8. MEDIA LAWS IN PAKISTAN
1. Ordinances
 PEMRA Rules 2009
 PEMRA Ordinance 2002
 Freedom of Information Ordinance 2002
 Defamation Ordinance 2002
 Press Council of Pakistan Ordinance, 2002
 Press, Newspapers, News Agencies &Book Registration Ordinance, 2002

9. MEDIA LAWS IN PAKISTAN
2. Regulations
 Television Broadcast Station Operations Regulations 2012
 Radio Broadcast Station Operations Regulation 2012
 Distribution Service Operations Regulations 2011
 PEMRA (Appeal and Review) Regulations 2008 (Repealed)

10. MEDIA LAWS IN PAKISTAN
3. Code of Conducts
 Code of Conduct Rules2010
 Code of Conduct for Media Broadcasters/Cable TVOperators
4. Acts
 Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation Act‚ 1973

11. PEMRA
 Pakistan electronic media and regulatory authority is an independent and
federal institution which is responsible for regulating and issuing license to
channels for establishment of the electronic media broadcast stations.

12. CODE OF ETHICS GIVEN BY PEMRA
FOR PROGRAMS
1. No program shall be aired which
a) Passes derogatory remarks about any religion or sect or ethnic groups or
which promoted sectarian attitudes or disharmony
b) Contains anything pornographic, obscene or indecent.
c) Contains anything defamatory or knowing false
d) Is likely to engage and incite violence or contain anything against
maintenance of lawand order or which promotes anti-state attitudes

13. CODE OF ETHICS GIVEN BY PEMRA
FOR PROGRAMS
f) Contains anything amounting to contempt of court
g) Slanders anyindividual in person or certaingroups, segments of social,
public and moral life of the country
h) Is against basic cultural values, morality and good manners
i) Anything which tends to glorify crime or criminals
j) Contains material which maybe harmful to the relations of Pakistan
with other countries

14. CODE OF ETHICS GIVEN BY PEMRA
FOR PROGRAMS
o) Contains material which is against the ideology of Pakistan or Islamic
values
2. Children‘s program do not contain objectionable language or are
disrespectful to their parents or elders
3. Programs must not be directed against the sanctity of home, family and
marital harmony
4. While reporting the proceedings of the parliament or the provincial
assemblies, such portions of the proceedings as the chairman or the speaker
may have ordered to be remove, shall not be broadcasted.

15. CODE OF ETHICS GIVEN BY PEMRA
FOR ADVERTISINGS
1. Advertisings is not offensive to morality decency and religious sects of the
people of Pakistan
2. No advertising shall be permitted which
• Promotes or support violence in country
• Tends to encourage people to crime
• Glorifies adultery, vulgarity or alcoholic drinks or non-Islamic
values

16. CODE OF ETHICS GIVEN BY PEMRA
FOR ADVERTISINGS
• Promotes social inequality.
• Is wholly or mainly of a political nature
3. The goods or services advertised shall not suffer from any defects
4. No advertising which should urge children directly to purchase goods
of a particular brand

17. PROVISIONS OF ETHICS
1. Local Media Industry Protection
2. Religious Contents
3. Ethical &Social Values
4. Coverage of Incidents of Accidents,
Violence and Crimes
5. Privacyand Personal Data Protection
6. Programming and Children
7. Languages
8. News &Current Affairs Programs
9. Re-Enactment
10. Programming: Mixand Live Coverage
11. Advertising

18. FIRST AMENDMENT
 The First Amendment is a part of the Bill of Rights, which are the first 10 Amendments to the
United States Constitution and the framework to elucidate upon the freedoms of the individual.
The Bill of Rights were proposed and sent to the states by the first session of the First
Congress.
 The five freedoms guaranteed by the First Amendment
• Freedom of Religion.
• Freedom of Speech.
• Freedom of the Press.
• Freedom to Assemble Peaceably.
• Freedom to Petition the Government for a Redress of Grievances.

19. SLANDER AND LIBEL
Libel and slander both are types of defamation.
 LIBEL is an untrue defamatory statement that is made in writing.
 SLANDER is an untrue defamatory statement that is spoken orally.
A defamatory statement can be made in any medium. It could be in a blog
comment or spoken in a speech or said on television.

20. INVASION OF PRIVACY
 Invasion of privacy is the intrusion into the personal life of another, without
just cause, which can give the person whose privacy has been invaded a right
to bring a lawsuit for damages against the person.
 It encompasses workplace monitoring, Internet privacy, data collection, and
other means of disseminating private information.
 Supreme Court has ruled that there is a limited constitutional right of privacy
based on a number of provisions in the Bill of Rights and subsequent
amendments.

21.  This includes a right to privacy from government surveillance into an area
where a person has a "reasonable expectation of privacy" and also in matters
relating to marriage, procreation, contraception, family relationships, child
rearing and education
 However, records held by third parties such as financial records or telephone
calling records are generally not protected unless a specific federal law
applies.
 The court has also recognized a right of anonymity and the right of groups to
not have to disclose their members' names to government agencies.

22. COPYRIGHTS & INTELLACTUAL OWNERSHIP
 It is the protection extended to the
creator of an original work. It provides
the sole rights to the use and
distribution of the work. including:
1. Books and literary works
2. Written and recorded music
3. Works of art
4. Photographs and images
5. Plays
 Refers to creations of the mind, such as
inventions; literary and artistic works;
designs; and symbols, names, and
images used in commerce."
 The rights to the intellectual property
can be claimed exclusively by the
creator or recipient of ownership
transfer and covers the expression of
an idea rather than the idea itself.
COPYRIGHTS INTELLACTUAL OWNERSHIP

23. THE FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
(FCC)
 The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is an independent Federal
regulatory agency responsible directly to Congress. Established by the
Communications Act of 1934, it is charged with regulating interstate and
international communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable.
 Certain other functions are representation to staff units and bureaus and to
committees of commissioners
 The Bureaus' responsibilities include: processing applications for licenses and
other filings; analyzing complaints; conducting investigations; developing
and implementing regulatory programs; and taking part in hearings.

24. TECHNICAL/INFRASTRUCTURE
 A functioning media infrastructure is the basic idea for the rest of the media sector.
 Infrastructure is not limited to the traditional media components of broadcast and
print; it may include the transportation system (to deliver print goods), the
telecommunications system ,cable and other networks, radio towers, financial
infrastructure, and even social institutions such as literacy and the culture of
communication in a country.
 Media infrastructure development can be costly and technically complex.
Often governments, ad agencies, and media development agencies assist
in in this effort.

25. WEB ETTIQUETE OR NETTIQUETE
 Netiquette" refers to Internet etiquette.
 This simply means the use of good manners in online communication such
as e-mail, forums, blogs, and social networking sites to name a few.
 It is important to use netiquette because communication online is non-verbal.
 Most often online communication consists of reading something someone
else has typed.
 This type of communication does not allow each person to see facial
expressions, body language, or hear intonation. Because of this, messages can
often be misinterpreted. By following netiquette, online communication
becomes clearer.

26. RULES…
 When typing never write all in capital letters. That is shouting
 Don't plagiarize. When you borrow something from someone, give them the
credit. Site their name or their site. Give the site when you have gotten your
information.
 Use proper quotes and always use the whole quote.
 Don't gossip and keep personal information personal.
 5. Don't steal photographs off the web even if they are a perfect fit for what
you need, Chances are they are copyrighted.