- Aromatherapy uses essential oils extracted from plants to promote healing and wellness without medication. It has been used for thousands of years across cultures. - Reflexology involves massaging the feet and hands to stimulate reflex points that correspond to different parts of the body. It aims to relieve stress and pain and improve organ function by stimulating the nervous system. - Both practices are believed to have mental and physical benefits like relaxation, pain relief, and improved sleep, digestion and skin health. They may help with conditions like anxiety, depression, respiratory issues and PMS symptoms. Precautions include potential skin irritation or toxicity from overuse of essential oils.

1. Presented to : Dr Asim Zubair
LAHORE COLLEGE OF
PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES (UOS)
Name Zaineb Razzaq
1491

2. Topic
•Aromatherapy

5. Aromatherapy
• Aromatherapy is a type of alternative
medicine practice utilizing fragrant/aromatic
essential oils that are derived from a wide
variety of healing plants. When inhaled or
applied to the skin, therapeutic-grade
essential oils (also sometimes called volatile
oils) have been shown to help people
overcome various health problems without
the need for medications.

6. History
• Little is known about the history of aromatherapy, or
where it originated specifically, but the Egyptians are
credited with developing one of the first distillation
machines to extract oils from certain plants -- cedarwood,
clove, cinnamon, to name a few -- which were used to
embalm the dead. The practice of using infused aromatic
oils as a mood enhancer, however, is thought to have
roots in China.
The Greeks also played a role in the history of
aromatherapy. Megallus, a Greek perfumer, developed a
fragrance he called megaleion, which consisted of myrrh.
The "father of medicine" Hippocrates is said to have

7. Cont…
• practiced aromatherapy (before it was dubbed so) for
healing purposes. Greek mythology claims the gods were
gifted with the knowledge of perfume and fragrance.
The actual term "aromatherapy" first originated in 1937
when French chemist Rene-Maurice Gattefosse invented
the word after a burn incident spurred his curiosity about
the healing power of essential oils. On the heels of
Gattefosse's "discovery" that lavender oil helped to cure
his burn, French surgeon Jean Valnet used essential oils to
help heal soldiers' wounds in World War II, proving the
medical benefits of aromatherapy

8. What Is Aromatherapy
• Alternative treatments, such as aromatherapy,
are now offered in therapeutic practices,
including massage centers, yoga studios and
spas, even hospice settings and chiropractic
offices.
• Aromatherapy essential oils are made using
dozens of different medicinal plants, flowers,
herbs, roots and trees grown all over the world
— which have proven, powerful effects on
improving physical, emotional and spiritual well-
being.

9. Cont…
• For over 5,000 years, aromatherapy has been
a trusted practice among cultures spanning
the globe. Natural healers turn to
aromatherapy for the many :
• antibacterial,
• anti-inflammatory and
• analgesic effects of aromatic essential oils.

10. So what is aromatherapy used for?
• Some of the most common reasons that people
use it, according to research done by the PDQ
Integrative, Alternative, and Complementary
Therapies Board, include
• managing pain,
• improving sleep quality,
• reducing stress, overcoming symptoms of
depression,
• soothing sore joints
• even battling the effects of cancer.

11. Cont…..
• Today, you’re likely to find over 40 different
therapeutic-grade aromatherapy oils available
in health food stores and online (although many
more than this exist). Some popular aromatic
oils you might recognize include tea tree,
lavender and peppermint oil, used in everything
from toothpaste to laundry detergent.

13. Here’s some facts about how essential
oils work:
• Plants contain certain beneficial chemicals as a
means of protecting themselves, including to
ward off insects or rodents, and to defend
themselves from bacteria or viruses.
• The active ingredients within the oils are taken
directly from high yields of medicinal plants or
herbs through a process known as distillation,
then mixed with alcohol to preserve their
strength. The finished result is a very
concentrated oily formula that can be mixed
with other substances.

14. Cont…
• Because they’re very strong, essential oils used
in aromatherapy practices are usually
combined with a carrier oil, such almond,
jojoba or coconut oil, before being applied
directly to the skin.

15. Aromatherapy can be performed in
several different ways:
• Diffusing a combination of essential oils into
the air (or just one single oil)
• Inhaling oils through the nostrils directly off
of a cloth or from the bottle
• Receiving massage therapy utilizing oils
• Soaking in an oil-infused bath
• Rubbing oils directly onto the skin

16. What types of plants produce popular essential
oils used in aromatherapy ?
• Research shows that when used at home,
most people use aromatherapy oil candles,
apply natural products containing oils to their
skin or add oils directly to a soaking
bath/warm shower.

17. These include:
• Herbs like rosemary, thyme, oregano or peppermint
• Leaves from eucalyptus plants
• Grasses, such as lemongrass
• Fennel seeds
• Zest from fruits such as oranges, grapefruit or lemon
• Flowers, including rose or geranium
• Wood or bark from trees including cedar or pine
• Roots from ginger
• Resin from frankincense trees
• And many more

19. Who Benefits from Aromatherapy?
• Chronic stress or anxiety
• Depression
• Insomnia and trouble sleeping
• Muscle pain
• Joint pain
• Respiratory infections
• Digestive upset
• PMS or menopause symptoms
• Skin problems or disorders, including bites, rashes, bruising,
cellulite or acne
• Blood sugar fluctuations
• Cancer
• Fatigue

20. Mechanism Of Action 
• Aromatherapy oils can have both sedative
and stimulant effects, plus positive effects on
the immune system and central nervous
system. Recently, studies conducted using
functional imaging scans have showed that
fragrant aromatherapy oils have positive
effects on the primitive region in the brain
called the limbic system, which helps control
both emotional responses and behaviors.

21. Proven Benefits of Aromatherapy
• Promotes Relaxation
• Helps Improve Sleep Quality
• Treats Respiratory Issues
• Improves Skin Health
• Improves Libido
• Improves Digestion and Lowers Nausea

22. Precautions Regarding Aromatherapy
• Depending on a person’s specific medical
history, allergies or level of sensitivity, certain
types of aromatherapy oils are not
recommended.
• Most essential oils should be kept away from
infants and children, unless otherwise noted.
• If you’re pregnant or breast-feeding, always
make sure that any essential oil you use for
aromatherapy is safe and won’t pose any risk

23. Although essential oils have generally shown
minimal adverse effects, potential risks include
• ingesting large amounts/intentional misuse,
which can cause toxicity
• skin irritation, especially when used in large
amounts
• allergic contact dermatitis
• photosensitivity to sunlight

24. Summary
• Complementary/alternative medicine practices, including
aromatherapy using essential oils, have become increasingly
popular in recent decades, although essential oils have been used
for centuries.
• Aromatherapy works by utilizing aromatic oils that contain many
different active components. There are antiseptic, antifungal, anti-
inflammatory and antibacterial essential oils.
• Benefits and popular uses of aromatherapy include reducing
anxiety and depression, colds and coughs, fatigue, pain, PMS,
menopause symptoms, nausea, ulcers or indigestion, and arthritis
joint pain.
• There are also anti-aging essential oils and essential oils for
weight loss, so if someone asks you what is aromatherapy useful
for, there is no shortage of ways to respond

25. Reflexology
• What is Reflexology?
• At the core of reflexology is vitalism, the popular
concept which explains that our bodies are governed
by an innate intelligence that monitors and promotes
self-healing.
• Similar to how a gauze or bandage helps stimulate the
natural blood-clotting response to cutting yourself by
accident, reflexologists believe that their systematic
approach to hand and foot massage stimulates the
nervous system to trigger a healing response.

26. History :
(Click on history )
• Reflexology is a 4,000-year-old healing art that has only a
few medically backed studies to prove it’s benefits but has
a large amount of personal testimonies praising it’s worth.
• One of the most significant studies on reflexology was
published in the journal of Multiple Sclerosis and found
that “specific reflexology treatment was of benefit in
alleviating motor, sensory and urinary symptoms in MS
patients.”
• As many people who have participated in eastern medicine
know, the body’s internal organs and nervous system are
connected to various areas of the body including the feet.

27. How Reflexology Works :-)
• reflexology is quite effective at helping
prevent and treat a plethora of heath
conditions. (an excess of blood in the
circulatory system or in one organ and area)
• There are four primary theories that best
describe how reflexology works.

28. 1. Central Nervous System
Adaption Theory
• This theory is based on the late 19th century
discovery by Englishmen Sir Henry Head and
Sir Charles Sherrington that uncovered a
relationship between our skin and organs, in
which external stimuli (i.e., application of
pressure on the hands or feed) causes the
nervous system to trigger a desired healing
effect.

29. Cont….
• 2. Gate Control Theory
• The gate control theory refers to pain
being an experience subjectively created
by the brain, hence the pain-relieving
characteristic of reflexology
occurs because massage improves mood
and stress.

30. Cont
• 3. Vital Energy Theory
• Bordering on the ancient concept of yin
and yang, this theory claims that stress
impedes the flow of the “vital energy” that
exists in each human body — reflexology
helps keep the flow uninhibited.

31. Cont
• 4. Zone Theory
• Based on the principle that our hands and
feet can be charted into “reflex zones” that
correspond to organs and other parts of
the body, the history of reflexology and
zone therapy are so closely linked
together that it deserves a much greater
explanation.

32. This…

33. Top 7 Reflexology Benefits
• four primary ways that reflexology helps
people.
• Creates a relaxation effect
• Has an impact on organs
• Improves symptoms
• Reduces pain

34. Uses 
• Relieves Anxiety
• Helps Headache Pain
• Helps Fight Type 2 Diabetes
• Reduces PMS Symptoms (Premenstrual
syndrome)
• Helps Heal Sinusitis
• Fights Cancer
• Promotes Heart Health

35. Uses 

36. Referance
• https://draxe.com/natural-remedies-
category/reflexology/
•Thank you……….