kidney disease diagnosis

1. Submitted by:-
Yogesh.C
HVK 1249

2. Kidney

3. Test used to detect
kidney dysfunction
 Blood test
Imaging studies
 Biopsy
 Urine test

4. Blood tests
 Serum creatinine
 Glomerular Filteration Rate (GFR)
 Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

5. Serum
Creatinine test
 Creatinine-waste product that comes from normal
wear and tear on muscles of body
Level can depends on age , race, & body size
Normal range is 1.5
If >1.5 then it is an early size that the kidneys are not
working properly
 if its level rises if kidney disease progresses

6. GFR TestMeasure of how well the kidneys are removing wastes
and excess fluid from the blood
It may be calculated from the serum creatinine level
using age, weight, gender and body size
Normal GFR- 90 or above
 A GFR below 60 is a sign that the kidneys are not
working properly.
 A GFR below 15 indicates that a treatment for kidney
failure, such as dialysis or a kidney transplant, will be
needed.

7. Blood Urea
Nitrogen test
Urea nitrogen comes from the breakdown of protein in
the foods that animals eat.
A normal BUN level is between 7 and 20. As kidney
function decreases, the BUN level rises.

8. Imaging Tests
x-rays – size of the kidneys and for kidney
stones
cystogram – a bladder x-ray
voiding cystourethrogram – where the bladder
is x-rayed before and after urination
ultrasound – sound waves are ‘bounced’ off
the kidneys to create a picture. Ultrasound
may be used to check the size of the kidneys.
Kidney stones and blood vessel blockages may
be visible on ultrasound

9. computed tomography (CT) – x-rays and
digital computer technology are used to create
an image of the urinary tract, including the
kidneys
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) – a strong
magnetic field and radio waves are used to
create a three-dimensional image of the
urinary tract, including the kidneys
Imaging Tests

10. Biopsy
Small piece of tissue is taken for testing in a laboratory.
Biopsies used in the investigation of kidney disease may
include:
Kidney biopsy
Bladder biopsy

11. Urine Test
 Urinalysis
Urine Protein
Microalbuminuria
Creatinine Clearance

12. Urinalysis
Microscopic examination of a urine sample
Dipstick test-chemically treated strip, which is dipped
into a urine sample.

13. Urine Protein
It includes :-
 Albumin specific dipstick
Quantitative measurement of albumin-to-creatinine
ratio

14. Microalbuminuria
More sensitive dipstick test, which can detect a tiny
amount of protein called albumin in the urine.

15. Creatinine
Clearance
A creatinine clearance test compares the creatinine in
a 24-hour sample of urine to the creatinine level in
animal’s blood to show how much blood the kidneys
are filtering out each minute.