Presentation for Industrial Toxicology Module Confined Space Presentation University of Technology,Mauritius Message me if u want me to send u the power point

1. Confined space (Risk assessment)
Presented by Tarun Kumar Cheddy

2. Risk assessment is a process of identifying safety and health hazards
associated with work accessing, the level of risks involved and
prioritizing measures to control the risk
Hierarchy of control
Risk assessment

4. 2. RISK MATRIX
Potential consequence of harm
Minor Injury (1) Significant Injury
(2)
Major Injury
(3)
Likelihoo
d of
harm
Unlikely
(1)
Low (1) Low (2) Medium (3)
Possibly
(2)
Low (2) Medium (4) High (6)
Probable
(3)
(likely) Medium(3) High (6) Extreme (9)

5. Section 5 of OSHA 2005

6. General requirement
The employer must provide adequate and
appropriate training to their respective employees
The competent must assess all hazard and suggest
reasonable practicable control measure (OSHA 2005)
Certified worker must comply with all safe work procedure.

7. Work activity Risk control Risk
Level
Control
Medium
(2)
Medium
(4)
-
Medium
(3)

8. has limited
means of
entry and exit
CONFINED SPACE
Poor
ventilation
is not designed
for continuous
occupancy
is large enough
to get the whole
body inside
and perform
work

9. Industry that contain confined space
• Oil and gas industry
• Windmill farm
• Shipping industry
•

10. Identifying Confined Spaces
Examples of confined spaces
storage
bins/petroleum tanks
Boilers
Manholes &
Sewers
Tanks

11. HS2 properties
• flammable and highly toxic
even at low concentrations and
colorless gas
• hydrogen sulfide can collect in
low-lying and enclosed spaces,
such as manholes, and
underground telephone vaults.
• Its presence makes work in
confined spaces potentially very
dangerous.
• Hydrogen sulphide is given off
by bacteria present in sewage
and exposure can quickly lead to
unconsciousness and death

12. statistics
•
• Workplace deaths involving confined spaces rose 15
percent to 166 in 2017 from 144 in 2016
• According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS),
hydrogen sulfide caused 60 worker deaths between
2001 and 2010

14. HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WA
TCH?V=SXFKJU54TS4
Video

15. • Autopsies of two workers who collapsed and died
while repairing a submersible pump in a storage
tank reveals they were exposed to high levels of
hydrogen sulphide gas. ( was > 5ppm)
• It is suspected that the men did not test the
atmosphere before they entered the tank.
• One worker entered to replace a sump pump and
was overcome by hydrogen sulfide gas and the
other one die in attempting to rescue his friend
Confined Space entry may proceed only if tests indicate:
Hydrogen sulfide is at or lower than 5 ppm

16. 1. Attendant outside
monitor the entrant
2. Entrant found lying
unconsciously
3. The attendant climb
down to rescue his friend
4. While going down
attendant feel light-headed
and experiencing headaches
due to presence of HS2 gas.

17. 5. Finally both were
found lying down in the
tank

18. HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WA
TCH?V=SXFKJU54TS4
Video

20. Enquiry revealed that
• No risk assessment and written safe work procedure was established
by management

21. Enquiry revealed that:
• The workers were provided hardhat by management, however
none of them wear it properly.
• The workers were provided with respirator but non of them use it
at the material time of accident.
• received instructions however, in the absence of supervisor, once
on site, they decided to take the easiest means to perform the work in
less time. (negligence)
• Insufficient training of worker.
• Permit entry system was not established.
• Worker (the attendant) die in attempt in attempt to rescue the
entrance.(poor rescue techniques)

23. A confined space consist of the :
1. Entrance
2. Supervisor
3. A stand by person (attendant)

24. AttendantSupervisor
Entrance

25.  Follow all rules and procedure that apply to job
 He must be familiar with the work
 To assure that the space is ventilated ,isolated , emptied (safe for entry).
 Exit a space without question upon word of the attendant.
 Wear appropriate PPE
Entrance
self-contained breathing
apparatus (SCBA),
1.The entrance

26. 2.supervisor
Has to written
Setting up the task
Authorization
Has to be signed
Include detail of work
Emergency procedure
Precaution
Existing hazard

29. Question to be asked!
Before entering a confined space :
Potential risk should be determine
 Have the area has been suspected having
hazardous atmosphere?
Are there any indication of toxic gases or
liquid?

30. The attendant/stand by person
(Gas tester )
Uhmm! Yes
buddy

31. NEVER TRUST YOUR SENSES TO DETERMINE
IF THE AIR IN CONFINED SPACE IS SAFE

33. Hazardous/poisonous atmosphere
Insufficient o2
Engulfing materials
Entrapment : cannot escape when caught in moving
loose solids and can suffocate.
These spaces may result in worker falling into them,
being crushed or buried, drowning or suffocation
Main hazards of confined spaces
1.
2.
3.
Mechanical hazard
4.

34. Electrical hazards-wet spac
Touching cable
Noise hazards
Other Recognized Hazards
5.
6..
7. Transportational hazards
sparking tools(tool) e.g fautly
torch

35. 8. Environmental hazard
High Temperature
Low Temp
9. Hazards caused by the work
(welding, painting etc.) 10. Bacteria
Physical hazard:
Slip , trip, fall
Skin contact hazard

37. 1. How ToControl Hazardous Atmospheres
 Test air and ventilate continuously. (gas detector)
 Ventilate the space
Don’t place a blower intake
near a running engine!
Fresh air blowers
Exhaust fans(LEV)
A blower intake must be placed in an
area of clean air(dilution ventilation)

38. • Exhaust ventilation must be used when
welding or using chemicals in a confined
space.

40. 2.Controlling the Space
The hazards of a confined space can be controlled in
the following ways:
•Prevent employee entry.
•Remove or reduce hazards in the space
first, before a person enters.
•If hazard cannot be removed or controlled,
you must use a written permit system to
enter safely.

41. Controlling the Space
• Post warning signs at the entrance
of confined spaces.
• Limit employee access to confined
spaces
by using entry barriers or locks.
• Make sure that unauthorized workers do
not enter the confined space.
Warning employees and
controlling access

42. • Provide vehicle and pedestrian barriers- Barricade the
area

43. Entry barrier

44. 3. Isolate source from the hazard/way to eliminate
physical hazard
• Lock out and tag out/moving part
• Switch off electrical equipment
• Clean residue from the space: drain pump
of liquid content
• Close valve
• Exit space if conditions deteriorate.
Block sources of potential energy :
 Water
 Steam
 Hydraulic

46. 4. Provision of personal protective equip
Safety shoes :Protect from
wound and slipping
Goggles: Protect eyes from
strong light or flying object
Earmuff and earplug

47. Emergency rescue breathing
apparatus

49. 5.Entering the space

50. v

51. Emergency rescue
Three type of rescue techniques :
1. Non-entry rescue
Retrieval line
Special rescue tripod
full body harnesses
Or lifeline..

52. 3. Entry by trained employees from the company
Emergency rescue personnel
2. Entry by other-for e.g. Fire Department
Call 115

53. Rescue & Resuscitation

55. • Don’t depend on luck! Test all confined spaces
for Test all confined spaces for hazards and
complete all hazards and complete all Permits
before entry

56. Thanks you 
‘’Don’t depend on luck , always test the
atmosphere before entering .’’

57. Reference
• http://www.hrdp-idrm.in/e5783/e17327/e17791/
• https://www.worksafebcstore.com/hazards-of-
confined-spaces-food-bev.html
• OSHA 2005
• http://www.hse.gov.uk/confinedspace/
• http://www.hse.gov.uk/pUbns/priced/l101.pdf (PDF)
• https://www.labour.gov.hk/eng/public/os/D/Safe_Wor
k_in_Confined_Spaces.pdf (pdf)
• Video :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SxFKJu54tS4