9 transport in-animals-qp_igcse-cie-biology_yasminexxy1
This document contains a biology exam on transport in animals, specifically focusing on the human circulatory system. It includes 42 multiple choice questions testing knowledge of topics like the composition of blood, heart anatomy, the pathway of blood through the heart and lungs, oxygen transport by hemoglobin, and the role of blood vessels and circulation. The resource also provides a link for students to access additional exam revision materials on its website.
Reproduction practice questions - plant focusMrs Parker
The document discusses various aspects of plant reproduction through diagrams and descriptions. It addresses pollination methods in sugar cane and other wind-dispersed flowers. It also examines the variation in heights of groundsel plants that germinated in the same conditions and the roles of insect pollination. Seeds can form with or without insect visits through self-pollination. A diagram shows a bee transferring pollen between flowers and enabling fertilization and fruit and seed development, making the offspring similar but not identical.
This document contains 22 multiple choice microbiology questions. The questions cover topics such as Group A streptococci virulence factors, Group B streptococci characteristics, pneumococcal vaccines, Enterobacteriaceae identification and characteristics, E. coli virulence factors, Proteus mirabilis identification, Enterotoxigenic E. coli pathogenesis, plasmid transfer mechanisms, PCR applications, Koch's postulates, septicemia risk factors and presentations, Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a cause of infection in immunocompromised patients, staphylococcal osteomyelitis treatment challenges, tularemia presentation and identification, Neisseria meningitidis as a cause of a sore throat with findings of petechiae
This document provides guidance for standardizing the process of semen analysis according to the 5th edition of the WHO laboratory manual. It outlines the aims, learning objectives, and steps for proper sample collection, handling, and analysis. Key points covered include assessing liquefaction time, viscosity, volume, pH, and motility using categories and acceptable difference tables. Case studies are presented to demonstrate how to document results for various clinical scenarios. The goal is to implement best practices for semen evaluation and quality control testing according to WHO standards.
8 transport in-plants-qp_igcse-cie-biology_yasminexxy1
1. The document is a biology exam paper on the topic of transport in plants. It contains 39 multiple choice questions testing students' understanding of transpiration, translocation, and the transport of water and organic substances in plants.
2. Key concepts covered include the processes of transpiration, water uptake and transport through the xylem and root hair cells, and the role of the phloem in translocating sucrose and amino acids throughout the plant.
3. Questions test students' ability to interpret diagrams of plant structures, experimental set ups, and graphs showing the effects of environmental conditions like humidity and light intensity on transpiration rate.
1. The document provides an overview of phlebotomy basics including terminology, blood components, specimen collection and processing techniques, special patient populations, and quality control measures.
2. Key steps in phlebotomy are properly identifying the patient, selecting the appropriate vein and needle, performing the venipuncture, handling and labeling specimens correctly to avoid hemolysis or other issues.
3. Special considerations are discussed for elderly patients, babies, and those with IVs, recommending smaller needles, pressure for longer, and alternative collection sites as needed.
Blood smear preparation, fixation, staining. Veterinary Clinical Examination ...Gansbaai SA
How to make a blood smear, including all steps: Preparation, fixation and staining. Veterinary clinical Examination for small and large animals. Methanol - Fixation. Additionaly basic information about blood.
9 transport in-animals-qp_igcse-cie-biology_yasminexxy1
This document contains a biology exam on transport in animals, specifically focusing on the human circulatory system. It includes 42 multiple choice questions testing knowledge of topics like the composition of blood, heart anatomy, the pathway of blood through the heart and lungs, oxygen transport by hemoglobin, and the role of blood vessels and circulation. The resource also provides a link for students to access additional exam revision materials on its website.
Reproduction practice questions - plant focusMrs Parker
The document discusses various aspects of plant reproduction through diagrams and descriptions. It addresses pollination methods in sugar cane and other wind-dispersed flowers. It also examines the variation in heights of groundsel plants that germinated in the same conditions and the roles of insect pollination. Seeds can form with or without insect visits through self-pollination. A diagram shows a bee transferring pollen between flowers and enabling fertilization and fruit and seed development, making the offspring similar but not identical.
This document contains 22 multiple choice microbiology questions. The questions cover topics such as Group A streptococci virulence factors, Group B streptococci characteristics, pneumococcal vaccines, Enterobacteriaceae identification and characteristics, E. coli virulence factors, Proteus mirabilis identification, Enterotoxigenic E. coli pathogenesis, plasmid transfer mechanisms, PCR applications, Koch's postulates, septicemia risk factors and presentations, Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a cause of infection in immunocompromised patients, staphylococcal osteomyelitis treatment challenges, tularemia presentation and identification, Neisseria meningitidis as a cause of a sore throat with findings of petechiae
This document provides guidance for standardizing the process of semen analysis according to the 5th edition of the WHO laboratory manual. It outlines the aims, learning objectives, and steps for proper sample collection, handling, and analysis. Key points covered include assessing liquefaction time, viscosity, volume, pH, and motility using categories and acceptable difference tables. Case studies are presented to demonstrate how to document results for various clinical scenarios. The goal is to implement best practices for semen evaluation and quality control testing according to WHO standards.
8 transport in-plants-qp_igcse-cie-biology_yasminexxy1
1. The document is a biology exam paper on the topic of transport in plants. It contains 39 multiple choice questions testing students' understanding of transpiration, translocation, and the transport of water and organic substances in plants.
2. Key concepts covered include the processes of transpiration, water uptake and transport through the xylem and root hair cells, and the role of the phloem in translocating sucrose and amino acids throughout the plant.
3. Questions test students' ability to interpret diagrams of plant structures, experimental set ups, and graphs showing the effects of environmental conditions like humidity and light intensity on transpiration rate.
1. The document provides an overview of phlebotomy basics including terminology, blood components, specimen collection and processing techniques, special patient populations, and quality control measures.
2. Key steps in phlebotomy are properly identifying the patient, selecting the appropriate vein and needle, performing the venipuncture, handling and labeling specimens correctly to avoid hemolysis or other issues.
3. Special considerations are discussed for elderly patients, babies, and those with IVs, recommending smaller needles, pressure for longer, and alternative collection sites as needed.
Blood smear preparation, fixation, staining. Veterinary Clinical Examination ...Gansbaai SA
How to make a blood smear, including all steps: Preparation, fixation and staining. Veterinary clinical Examination for small and large animals. Methanol - Fixation. Additionaly basic information about blood.
MCQ on protozaoa ,bacteria ,virus,immunologyShaan Ahmed
This document contains 25 multiple choice questions about protozoan parasites, their lifecycles, transmission, and diseases they cause in humans. The questions cover topics like Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, their sites of infection in the human body, diseases associated with them like amebic colitis and hepatitis, modes of transmission, diagnostic tests and more.
Investigate the effect of temperature on amylase activitylanceqwerty
The document describes an experiment to investigate the effect of temperature on amylase activity. The aim is to determine the reaction rate of amylase and starch solutions at different temperatures (0°C, room temperature, 40°C, 60°C, 80°C). It is hypothesized that the reaction rate will initially increase with temperature until an optimal temperature is reached, above which the enzyme will denature and the rate will decrease. The method involves mixing amylase and starch solutions at the various temperatures and recording the time taken for the blue-black color from iodine solution to disappear. However, the results showed no color change, suggesting a failure of the experimental method.
This document contains 50 multiple choice questions related to microbiology, hematology, and laboratory techniques. The questions cover topics such as types of organisms (eukaryotes, bacteria, viruses, fungi), laboratory techniques (staining, culturing, sterilization), hematology topics (components of blood, blood tests), and basic microbiology concepts (growth conditions, metabolism).
1. The document describes a lab activity where students observe onion and cheek cells under a microscope. They prepare slides of each cell type using different stains and observe the cells' structures.
2. Key structures observed in onion and cheek cells included the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. Onion cells also had a cell wall. Cheek cells were roughly circular while onion cells were rectangular.
3. The purpose was to compare plant and animal cells and identify their similarities and differences. It also helped students practice microscope skills and learn that cell membranes are semi-permeable based on different stains being used.
The document describes the procedure for performing an antigen-antibody reaction test. It involves collecting whole blood from patients, preparing red blood cell suspensions, and diluting the suspensions in normal saline solution. The diluted suspensions are then added to tubes containing different antisera and incubated. Initial and final grading of agglutination is observed after shaking and further incubation. Anti-human globulin is added to some tubes to differentiate naturally occurring from immune antibodies.
This document discusses changes made by the Cambridge International Examinations (CIE) to some of their question papers for popular assessments. CIE now uses two similar but distinct variants of some question papers to provide more past examination material to students. The content and standards assessed remain the same between variants. Teachers should contact CIE for more information on these changes.
Anticoagulant and Blood Collecting Tubes MushahidAli23
This document summarizes different types of blood collection tubes containing various anticoagulants or clot activators. It describes the color-coded tube caps and additive in each tube and their main uses. Common tubes discussed include purple top for hematology tests, red top for serum tests, light blue top for coagulation tests, and green top for tests requiring plasma. The document provides details on anticoagulants like EDTA, sodium citrate, and oxalates, and how they work to preserve blood components for various laboratory analyses.
Cellular respiration is a process in which cells produce the energy they need to survive. Cells use oxygen to break down the sugar glucose and store its energy in molecules of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration is critical for the survival of most organisms because the energy in glucose cannot be used by cells until it is stored in ATP. Two critical ingredients required for cellular respiration are glucose and oxygen. Although most organisms on Earth carry out cellular respiration to generate ATP, a few rely on alternative pathways to make this vital molecule. These pathways are anaerobic
that is, they don't require oxygen. Fermentation is a type of anaerobic pathway used by certain species of bacteria that live in anaerobic environments, such as stagnant ponds or decaying vegetation. Some cells produce ATP using both anaerobic and aerobic pathways ( Lagunzad, 2004).
The document provides information on the various colored blood collection tubes used in laboratories, including their common tests and proper usage. It discusses the purple, pink, blue, yellow, grey, red, dark green, and light green tubes, listing their additives, most common tests, and tips for proper collection techniques. While laboratory preferences may vary, this provides guidance on matching tests to the correct anticoagulated tube.
This document contains a biology exam paper on transport in animals with multiple choice and short answer questions. The exam paper tests knowledge of circulatory systems, the structure and function of blood vessels and the heart, transport of oxygen and nutrients, and concepts like blood clotting. Diagrams of blood vessels and cells are included with questions requiring analysis and explanations. The document provides a biology exam resource for students to practice questions on the transport systems in animals.
This document provides an overview of the history of phlebotomy and bloodletting. It discusses how the practice began in ancient Egypt and Greece and was used as a medical treatment through the 18th century, often resulting in patient harm. The development of the microscope in the 17th century allowed for examination of blood cells and helped transition bloodletting to diagnostic blood collection. The document also covers universal precautions for safe handling of blood and body fluids to prevent disease transmission.
Romanowsky stains such as Giemsa and Wright-Giemsa are commonly used stains in hematology and microbiology that allow visualization of cellular structures through differential staining. Giemsa stain attaches to AT-rich regions of DNA and intensifies azurophilic hues. The Wright-Giemsa stain is a combination of Wright's and Giemsa powders that provides polychromatic staining, but the amount of Giemsa added must be carefully titrated. Special stains like Periodic acid-Schiff are also used, which oxidizes carbohydrates to aldehydes and produces a red product, allowing detection of glycogen.
This document provides an overview of diagnostic methods for parasites. It discusses examining various clinical specimens like feces, blood, urine, sputum and biopsy material. For fecal exams, it describes macroscopic and microscopic evaluation including concentration techniques. It also covers examining blood by wet mount and stained smears to detect parasites. In addition, the document outlines methods for parasite culture, serology, molecular detection and animal inoculation for laboratory diagnosis of parasitic infections.
This document provides an overview of stool analysis procedures, including:
- Specimen collection guidelines such as using leak-proof containers and avoiding refrigeration.
- Macroscopic examination of stool color, consistency, and presence of blood or mucus.
- Wet preparation techniques like saline and lugol's iodine slides.
- Concentration methods like formol-ether and flotation that recover parasites.
- Microscopic examination of samples for parasites, eggs, cysts, and trophozoites using 10x and 40x objectives.
special staining methods for blood cells - investigation of hemolytic anemias and haemorrhaegic disorders - blood banking serology , ABO blood grouping, Rh typing , special blood groups - blood transfusion, selection of donors, investigation of transfusion reaction.
The document describes several biochemical tests used to identify bacteria, including the catalase test, coagulase test, DNase test, oxidase test, indole test, urease test, citrate test, and triple sugar iron (TSI) test. It provides the purpose, principle, method, and results for each test. It also discusses how to specifically identify Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes through microscopic examination, culture characteristics, and biochemical properties.
This document defines key transport processes in biology - diffusion, osmosis, and active transport - and provides examples of each in plants and humans. Diffusion is the passive movement of molecules from high to low concentration down a gradient. Osmosis is the specific case of diffusion where water moves through a semi-permeable membrane from high to low water potential. Active transport moves molecules against a concentration gradient and requires energy. The document discusses the roles of these processes in nutrient/gas exchange and describes demonstrations of osmosis in plant and animal cells under varying conditions.
A work in progress - drafts to be updated and completed later. Practice with the the assessment statements from the Core component of the course that require diagrams.
This document discusses bacterial identification using API kits. It provides an overview of API, which contains identification databases for over 967 bacterial and yeast species. It then describes various API identification systems for gram negative bacteria, gram positive bacteria, anaerobes, and yeasts. The document focuses on using the API 20E kit, outlining the materials needed, inoculation procedure, incubation, result interpretation, and limitations. It emphasizes that API kits allow for rapid identification of known bacterial species contained within their databases.
This document contains information about four experiments conducted to investigate the rate of reaction between solutions J and K and sulfuric acid at different temperatures. The key details are:
- Experiment 1 was conducted at room temperature and used as the baseline. Experiments 2-4 heated the mixture to increasing temperatures before adding solution K.
- The time taken for the mixtures to turn pale yellow was recorded.
- A line graph of time vs average temperature showed the rate of reaction increased with increasing temperature.
- Extrapolating the graph indicated a temperature of 60°C would yield a reaction time of around 15 seconds.
The document is a chemistry exam paper testing students' ability to identify ions and gases through laboratory tests. It describes tests carried out on various solid and liquid samples and asks students to identify the substances, describe observations, and draw conclusions. The paper tests knowledge of common chemical tests including flame tests, reactions of salts with acids and bases, and precipitation reactions to identify anion groups present. Students must analyze the provided data and apply their understanding of chemical reactions and properties to deduce the identities and nature of the unknown samples.
MCQ on protozaoa ,bacteria ,virus,immunologyShaan Ahmed
This document contains 25 multiple choice questions about protozoan parasites, their lifecycles, transmission, and diseases they cause in humans. The questions cover topics like Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, their sites of infection in the human body, diseases associated with them like amebic colitis and hepatitis, modes of transmission, diagnostic tests and more.
Investigate the effect of temperature on amylase activitylanceqwerty
The document describes an experiment to investigate the effect of temperature on amylase activity. The aim is to determine the reaction rate of amylase and starch solutions at different temperatures (0°C, room temperature, 40°C, 60°C, 80°C). It is hypothesized that the reaction rate will initially increase with temperature until an optimal temperature is reached, above which the enzyme will denature and the rate will decrease. The method involves mixing amylase and starch solutions at the various temperatures and recording the time taken for the blue-black color from iodine solution to disappear. However, the results showed no color change, suggesting a failure of the experimental method.
This document contains 50 multiple choice questions related to microbiology, hematology, and laboratory techniques. The questions cover topics such as types of organisms (eukaryotes, bacteria, viruses, fungi), laboratory techniques (staining, culturing, sterilization), hematology topics (components of blood, blood tests), and basic microbiology concepts (growth conditions, metabolism).
1. The document describes a lab activity where students observe onion and cheek cells under a microscope. They prepare slides of each cell type using different stains and observe the cells' structures.
2. Key structures observed in onion and cheek cells included the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. Onion cells also had a cell wall. Cheek cells were roughly circular while onion cells were rectangular.
3. The purpose was to compare plant and animal cells and identify their similarities and differences. It also helped students practice microscope skills and learn that cell membranes are semi-permeable based on different stains being used.
The document describes the procedure for performing an antigen-antibody reaction test. It involves collecting whole blood from patients, preparing red blood cell suspensions, and diluting the suspensions in normal saline solution. The diluted suspensions are then added to tubes containing different antisera and incubated. Initial and final grading of agglutination is observed after shaking and further incubation. Anti-human globulin is added to some tubes to differentiate naturally occurring from immune antibodies.
This document discusses changes made by the Cambridge International Examinations (CIE) to some of their question papers for popular assessments. CIE now uses two similar but distinct variants of some question papers to provide more past examination material to students. The content and standards assessed remain the same between variants. Teachers should contact CIE for more information on these changes.
Anticoagulant and Blood Collecting Tubes MushahidAli23
This document summarizes different types of blood collection tubes containing various anticoagulants or clot activators. It describes the color-coded tube caps and additive in each tube and their main uses. Common tubes discussed include purple top for hematology tests, red top for serum tests, light blue top for coagulation tests, and green top for tests requiring plasma. The document provides details on anticoagulants like EDTA, sodium citrate, and oxalates, and how they work to preserve blood components for various laboratory analyses.
Cellular respiration is a process in which cells produce the energy they need to survive. Cells use oxygen to break down the sugar glucose and store its energy in molecules of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration is critical for the survival of most organisms because the energy in glucose cannot be used by cells until it is stored in ATP. Two critical ingredients required for cellular respiration are glucose and oxygen. Although most organisms on Earth carry out cellular respiration to generate ATP, a few rely on alternative pathways to make this vital molecule. These pathways are anaerobic
that is, they don't require oxygen. Fermentation is a type of anaerobic pathway used by certain species of bacteria that live in anaerobic environments, such as stagnant ponds or decaying vegetation. Some cells produce ATP using both anaerobic and aerobic pathways ( Lagunzad, 2004).
The document provides information on the various colored blood collection tubes used in laboratories, including their common tests and proper usage. It discusses the purple, pink, blue, yellow, grey, red, dark green, and light green tubes, listing their additives, most common tests, and tips for proper collection techniques. While laboratory preferences may vary, this provides guidance on matching tests to the correct anticoagulated tube.
This document contains a biology exam paper on transport in animals with multiple choice and short answer questions. The exam paper tests knowledge of circulatory systems, the structure and function of blood vessels and the heart, transport of oxygen and nutrients, and concepts like blood clotting. Diagrams of blood vessels and cells are included with questions requiring analysis and explanations. The document provides a biology exam resource for students to practice questions on the transport systems in animals.
This document provides an overview of the history of phlebotomy and bloodletting. It discusses how the practice began in ancient Egypt and Greece and was used as a medical treatment through the 18th century, often resulting in patient harm. The development of the microscope in the 17th century allowed for examination of blood cells and helped transition bloodletting to diagnostic blood collection. The document also covers universal precautions for safe handling of blood and body fluids to prevent disease transmission.
Romanowsky stains such as Giemsa and Wright-Giemsa are commonly used stains in hematology and microbiology that allow visualization of cellular structures through differential staining. Giemsa stain attaches to AT-rich regions of DNA and intensifies azurophilic hues. The Wright-Giemsa stain is a combination of Wright's and Giemsa powders that provides polychromatic staining, but the amount of Giemsa added must be carefully titrated. Special stains like Periodic acid-Schiff are also used, which oxidizes carbohydrates to aldehydes and produces a red product, allowing detection of glycogen.
This document provides an overview of diagnostic methods for parasites. It discusses examining various clinical specimens like feces, blood, urine, sputum and biopsy material. For fecal exams, it describes macroscopic and microscopic evaluation including concentration techniques. It also covers examining blood by wet mount and stained smears to detect parasites. In addition, the document outlines methods for parasite culture, serology, molecular detection and animal inoculation for laboratory diagnosis of parasitic infections.
This document provides an overview of stool analysis procedures, including:
- Specimen collection guidelines such as using leak-proof containers and avoiding refrigeration.
- Macroscopic examination of stool color, consistency, and presence of blood or mucus.
- Wet preparation techniques like saline and lugol's iodine slides.
- Concentration methods like formol-ether and flotation that recover parasites.
- Microscopic examination of samples for parasites, eggs, cysts, and trophozoites using 10x and 40x objectives.
special staining methods for blood cells - investigation of hemolytic anemias and haemorrhaegic disorders - blood banking serology , ABO blood grouping, Rh typing , special blood groups - blood transfusion, selection of donors, investigation of transfusion reaction.
The document describes several biochemical tests used to identify bacteria, including the catalase test, coagulase test, DNase test, oxidase test, indole test, urease test, citrate test, and triple sugar iron (TSI) test. It provides the purpose, principle, method, and results for each test. It also discusses how to specifically identify Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes through microscopic examination, culture characteristics, and biochemical properties.
This document defines key transport processes in biology - diffusion, osmosis, and active transport - and provides examples of each in plants and humans. Diffusion is the passive movement of molecules from high to low concentration down a gradient. Osmosis is the specific case of diffusion where water moves through a semi-permeable membrane from high to low water potential. Active transport moves molecules against a concentration gradient and requires energy. The document discusses the roles of these processes in nutrient/gas exchange and describes demonstrations of osmosis in plant and animal cells under varying conditions.
A work in progress - drafts to be updated and completed later. Practice with the the assessment statements from the Core component of the course that require diagrams.
This document discusses bacterial identification using API kits. It provides an overview of API, which contains identification databases for over 967 bacterial and yeast species. It then describes various API identification systems for gram negative bacteria, gram positive bacteria, anaerobes, and yeasts. The document focuses on using the API 20E kit, outlining the materials needed, inoculation procedure, incubation, result interpretation, and limitations. It emphasizes that API kits allow for rapid identification of known bacterial species contained within their databases.
This document contains information about four experiments conducted to investigate the rate of reaction between solutions J and K and sulfuric acid at different temperatures. The key details are:
- Experiment 1 was conducted at room temperature and used as the baseline. Experiments 2-4 heated the mixture to increasing temperatures before adding solution K.
- The time taken for the mixtures to turn pale yellow was recorded.
- A line graph of time vs average temperature showed the rate of reaction increased with increasing temperature.
- Extrapolating the graph indicated a temperature of 60°C would yield a reaction time of around 15 seconds.
The document is a chemistry exam paper testing students' ability to identify ions and gases through laboratory tests. It describes tests carried out on various solid and liquid samples and asks students to identify the substances, describe observations, and draw conclusions. The paper tests knowledge of common chemical tests including flame tests, reactions of salts with acids and bases, and precipitation reactions to identify anion groups present. Students must analyze the provided data and apply their understanding of chemical reactions and properties to deduce the identities and nature of the unknown samples.
This document is a chemistry exam question paper that tests students' knowledge of types of oxides. It contains 16 multiple choice questions about classifying elements based on whether their oxides are acidic or basic, identifying properties of acidic and basic oxides, and predicting reactions of oxides with acids and bases. The questions cover topics like the positions of elements in the periodic table that relate to the acidity or basicity of their oxides, and common reactions of oxides like neutralization. The document also provides the grade boundaries for scoring the exam.
This document is a chemistry exam paper assessing knowledge of acids, bases and salts. It contains multiple choice and written response questions testing understanding of:
- Preparing soluble salts from insoluble bases and acids
- Properties of strong and weak acids
- Reactions of acids with metals, bases, carbonates and other salts
- Acid-base theories including proton transfer and pH
- Methods of salt preparation and properties of common oxides
This document contains information about acids, bases and salts. It includes questions about determining the reactivity series of metals through displacement reactions and measuring cell voltages. It also discusses properties of specific acids like malonic acid and sulfuric acid, and preparation of salts through various methods like precipitation, neutralization and titration. Example reactions provided include the reaction of magnesium with acids, and the reaction of ethylamine with iron(III) chloride that forms a brown precipitate.
This document provides a chemistry exam on acids, bases and salts from the Cambridge International Examinations board. It contains 21 multiple choice questions testing understanding of concepts such as the preparation of salts from reactions between acids and bases or metal oxides. Students are asked about the purpose of steps in salt preparation procedures, the products and reagents of different salt forming reactions, and the equipment used. The document also provides the grade boundaries for the exam.
1. The document is a biology exam paper covering the topic of coordination and response. It contains 50 multiple choice questions testing students' understanding of topics like reflex arcs, hormones, homeostasis, and plant tropisms.
2. The questions cover a range of concepts in human physiology and plant biology including the eye, skin, circulatory and nervous systems, temperature regulation, tropic responses, and hormonal coordination.
3. Additional resources for students can be found at the website savemyexams.co.uk which provides GCSE and A level materials across multiple subjects.
1. The document is an exam paper on acids and bases for IGCSE Chemistry. It contains 31 multiple choice questions testing knowledge of acid-base reactions and properties.
2. The questions cover topics like the characteristic properties of acids and bases, pH scales, acid-base indicators, and reactions like neutralization and those that produce carbon dioxide or ammonia gas.
3. Sample questions identify acids and bases, interpret acid-base titration curves, and write balanced equations for acid-base reactions.
This document contains a 25 question biology exam on coordination and response. It tests students' understanding of topics like reflexes, homeostasis, the nervous and endocrine systems, plant tropisms, and human physiology. Diagrams of biological structures like the eye, neurons, and plant shoots accompany several questions. The exam is scored out of 25 marks and is designed to take 30 minutes to complete.
This document contains an excerpt from a biology exam on coordination and response. It includes several multiple choice and short answer questions testing understanding of topics like the nervous system, reflexes, plant tropisms, homeostasis, and glucose regulation. Diagrams are provided of biological systems like the mammalian nervous system, a reflex arc, seedling growth responses, human skin response to cold, the liver and associated blood vessels, and control of blood glucose concentration. Students are asked to label parts, describe processes, explain concepts, and perform basic calculations.
This document contains a biology exam paper on coordination and response. It includes multiple choice and short answer questions testing understanding of topics like sensitivity, voluntary vs involuntary actions, reflex arcs, hormones, and how the nervous and endocrine systems coordinate organs and responses in the body. The exam is for IGCSE level and contains 58 minutes worth of content divided into 4 sections with a total possible score of 48 marks.
The students use a starting pistol, stopwatch, and measuring tape to measure the speed of sound. One student fires the starting pistol while the other times how long it takes the sound to travel a known distance measured with the tape. They calculate the speed of sound by dividing the distance traveled by the time taken.
The document contains multiple choice questions about sound waves and ultrasound. It covers topics like the range of human hearing, properties that determine the loudness and pitch of sounds, how echoes are produced, and using the speed of sound to calculate distances.
Ultrasound cannot be heard by humans because its frequency is too high. The range of audible sound frequencies for humans is typically 20 Hz to 20 kHz. A louder or higher pitched sound will have a greater amplitude and higher frequency respectively. Sound is a longitudinal wave that requires a medium, such as air or water, to travel through and be heard.
This document provides the mark scheme for an International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE) chemistry exam from May/June 2010. It shows teachers how to award marks to exam answers and serves as guidance, though alternative answers may be acceptable. The mark scheme details the requirements for each question on the exam paper and provides sample answers with marks allocated. CIE will not discuss or justify the mark scheme further.
This document is the mark scheme for the May/June 2010 International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE) Chemistry exam. It provides guidance to teachers on how to award marks for exam questions. The mark scheme indicates the requirements to receive marks and shows the basis on which examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not discuss the examiners' meetings before marking began. CIE will not enter into discussions about the mark schemes. CIE is publishing mark schemes for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level, and Advanced Subsidiary Level exams from May/June 2010.
This document consists of 16 pages related to a chemistry exam, including:
1. 15 multiple choice questions on chemistry topics
2. 1 blank page
3. Instructions for exam takers on how to fill out the multiple choice answer sheet.
This document provides instructions for a chemistry exam. It consists of 16 printed pages and covers topics like gases, hydrogen compounds, cobalt chloride, seawater compounds, fertilizers, metals and extraction, petroleum, and conductivity. Students are instructed to write their identification details on the paper and answer all questions in dark blue or black pen, using a pencil for diagrams. They should not use staples or correction fluid. The exam is 1 hour and 15 minutes long.
This document provides instructions for a chemistry exam. It tells students to write their identification information at the top, use dark ink or pencil for diagrams, and do not use staples or correction fluid. It lists the number of marks for each question. The exam contains 15 printed pages and 1 blank page. A periodic table is provided on page 16. Students should answer all questions and fasten their work together at the end.
This document provides the mark scheme for the May/June 2011 International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE) Chemistry exam. It lists the correct answers for the 40 multiple choice questions on the exam paper and is intended to guide teachers in marking the exam. The document also notes that Cambridge will not enter into discussions about the mark schemes and that they are publishing mark schemes for most IGCSE and other exam papers from May/June 2011.
1. Save My Exams! – The Home of Revision
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Transport in Animals
Question Paper 1
Subject Biology
Topic Transport in Animals
Booklet Question Paper 1
Time Allowed: 70 minutes
Score: /58
Percentage: /100
Exam Board CIE
Level IGCSE
Paper Type (Extended) Theory Paper
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Fig. 1.1 shows the human heart and the main blood vessels. The functions of the parts of the
heart and some of the blood vessels are given in Table 1.1.
1 (a)
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
J
K
Fig. 1.1
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Complete Table 1.1.
One row has been done for you.
Table 1.1
name
letter on
Fig. 1.1
function
structure that separates oxygenated and
deoxygenated blood
structure that prevents backflow of blood
from ventricle to atrium
aorta
A
blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood
blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood
structure that prevents backflow of blood
from pulmonary artery to right ventricle
chamber of the heart that contains oxygenated blood
chamber of the heart that contains deoxygenated blood
[6]
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A group of students used a heart monitor to record the pulse rate of an athlete during a 5000
metre race. The recordings started just before the race began and ended just after it had
finished, as shown in Fig. 1.2.
(b)
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0 2
0
0
0 10 12 14 16 18
time/min
pulse rate
/beats per
minute
start of race end of race
Fig. 1.2
(i) Use data from Fig. 1.2 to describe the effect of exercise on the pulse rate of the athlete.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................ [3]
5. Save My Exams! – The Home of Revision
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Explain the change in pulse rate between 2 minutes and 3 minutes after the recordings
started.
(ii)
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
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[Total: 13]
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All mammals have a double circulatory system. Fig. 1.1 shows part of the human double circulatory
system.
2
A
D
C
B
left lung
right lung
P
O
J
K
muscular wall
of heart
left kidney
right kidney
N
L
M
Fig. 1.1
(a) Name the muscular wall that separates the left and right sides of the human heart.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) (i) Describe what is meant by the term double circulation.
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................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) State one advantage of a double circulation.
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(c) Table 1.1 describes some of the structures of the human circulatory system shown in Fig.1.1.
Complete the table.
One row has been done for you.
Table 1.1
letter on Fig. 1.1
name of structure
description
heart chamber with the
thickest muscular wall
blood vessel that carries
oxygenated blood to the heart
blood vessel that carries
oxygenated blood away from the heart
blood vessel that carries blood away
from the kidneys
N
vena cava
blood vessel with the largest
lumen
[4]
Describe how blood is transported from the vena cava to the lungs. You may use the letters
on Fig. 1.1 in your description.
(d)
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(e) (i) Doctors recommend that a healthy diet can reduce the risk of coronary heart disease.
Give one other lifestyle improvement patients can make that can reduce the risk of
coronary heart disease.
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................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Sometimes surgery is required to treat coronary heart disease.
Describe one named example of surgery that can treat coronary heart disease.
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[Total: 14]
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3 Mammals have a double circulation system.
(a) Explain what is meant by a double circulation system.
...................................................................................................................................................
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(b) Table 5.1 shows some of the main organs in a mammal and the vessels that deliver blood and
take it away.
Complete the table.
Table 5.1
organ blood vessel
delivers blood takes blood away
heart
1 .....................................................
2 ............................................. vein
1 aorta
2 .......................................... artery
lungs pulmonary artery
........................................................
liver
1 hepatic artery
2 .....................................................
hepatic vein
kidney
............................................. artery ................................................ vein
[5]
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(c) Table 5.2 shows the blood pressure in the different blood vessels that supply and drain a
muscle in the leg.
Table 5.2
blood vessel mean blood pressure/kPa
aorta 13
femoral artery 12
distributing/muscular artery 9
arteriole in muscle 6
capillary in muscle 4–1.3
venule in muscle 1.1
femoral vein < 1.0
(i) The table shows that the mean blood pressure decreases from 13kPa in the aorta to
6kPa in the arterioles.
Explain why blood pressure must decrease in the arterioles before entering the
capillaries.
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(ii) Explain how blood returns to the heart in the femoral vein against the pull of gravity.
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(d) Fig. 5.1 shows a section across part of an artery.
Fig. 5.1
With reference to Fig. 5.1, explain how the structure of an artery is related to its function.
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[Total: 14]
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4 Table 4.1 shows the composition of blood plasma.
Table 4.1
component concentration in the plasma
adrenaline/ngdm–3 10 – 100
fibrinogen/gdm–3 1.7 – 4.0
glucose/mgdm–3 700 – 1000
hydrogencarbonate ions/gdm–3 1.1 – 1.4
insulin/μgdm–3 0.33 – 0.40
lactic acid/mgdm–3 50 – 200
sodium ions/gdm–3 3.1 – 3.4
urea/mgdm–3 70 – 200
(a) From Table 4.1, name:
(i) an excretory product
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) a plasma protein.
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) (i) State what could cause the lactic acid concentration in the blood to increase to
200mgdm–3.
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(ii) State the function of fibrinogen.
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(iii) State two effects that a concentration of adrenaline of 100ngdm–3 might have on the
body.
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(c) Table 4.1 shows that the glucose concentration varies between 700 and 1000mgdm–3.
Describe the role of the liver in regulating the concentration of glucose in the body.
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(d) Lymphocytes and phagocytes are white blood cells.
A woman had some blood tests taken before and during a bacterial infection.
Table 4.2 shows the number of white blood cells in the two blood samples.
Table 4.2
white blood
cells
mean number of cells per mm3 of blood
before infection during infection
lymphocytes 1300 3500
phagocytes 2000 7500
(i) Calculate the percentage increase in lymphocytes that occurred during the bacterial
infection.
Show your working and give your answer to the nearest whole number.
answer ...............................................% [2]
(ii) Describe the role of phagocytes in defence against disease.
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(iii) Describe the roles of white blood cells in tissue rejection.
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[Total: 17]
