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CCIE Routing and Switching Written Exam Version 5.0 Nexus QoS Deep Dive

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This document provides an overview and agenda for a session on QoS and queuing basics, as well as QoS implementation on Nexus platforms. The session objectives are to refresh knowledge of QoS and queuing fundamentals, understand Nexus hardware architecture, examine QoS configuration on Nexus, and review real-world examples. The agenda includes introductions, discussions of QoS/queuing basics, QoS on Nexus platforms, Nexus 7000/7700, 5600/6000 and 2000 QoS, and concludes with real-world configurations.

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CCIE Routing and Switching Written Exam Version 5.0
Session Objectives • Provide a refresh of QoS and Queuing Basics • Understand the basic hardware architecture for the Nexus Platforms • Provide a detailed understanding of QoS on Nexus platforms • Examine real-world configuration examples
Session Non-Objectives • Data Center QoS Methodology • Nexus hardware architecture deep-dive • Application Centric Infrastructure (ACI) QOS
Related Sessions Session Id Session Name BRKARC-3470 Cisco Nexus 7000/7700 Switch Architecture BRKARC-3452 Cisco Nexus 5600 and 6000 Architecture BRKDCT-1980 Advanced Analytics in Nexus Switches BRKRST-2509 Mastering Data Center QoS
Agenda • Introduction • QoS and Queuing Basics • QoS Implementation on Nexus • Nexus 7000/7700 QoS • Nexus 5600/6000 QoS • Nexus 2000 QoS • Real World Configuration Examples • Conclusion
Introduction
http://www.testbells.com/400-101.html
http://www.testbells.com/400-101.html
Congestion Happens Everyday! http://www.testbells.com/400-101.html
Why QoS in the Data Center? 10 Assign Color to Traffic Maximize Throughput Manage Congestion Maximize Throughput and Manage Congestion!
Agenda • Introduction • QoS and Queuing Basics • QoS Implementation on Nexus • Nexus 7000/7700 QoS • Nexus 5600/6000 QoS • Nexus 2000 QoS • Real World Configuration Examples • Conclusion
QoS and Queuing Basics
The QoS Toolset 13 Classification Identify and Split Traffic into Different Classes Queuing & Scheduling Prioritize, Protect and Isolate Traffic Based on Markings Marking Mark Traffic According to Behavior and Business Policies Policing Discard Misbehaving Traffic to Maintain Network Integrity Shaping Control Bursts and Conform Traffic 22nd Anniversary
Traffic Management Tools • Classification • Traffic Categorization • Marking • Traffic Re-categorization • Policing • Limit misbehaving flows
Classification and Marking – Two sides of a coin 15 Mad Max (1979) HTTPVoIP email Videop2p App1 vmotion mgmtlync backup Before: Uncontrolled Bandwidth VoIP/Lync Email/HTTP SAP Backup After: Controlled Bandwidth • Identify traffic • DSCP • CoS • ACLs • IP PREC • Remap Traffic • Like to Like (i.e CoS to CoS) • Like to Unlike (i.e DSCP to COS) • Needs mapping tables • Also called Mutation
Policing – limit misbehaving traffic 16 Mad Max (1979) • Single rate Two Color Policer • Conform Action (permit) • Exceed Action (drop) Tokens Burst Limit Conforming Traffic Excess Traffic • Two rate Three Color Policer • Conform Action (permit) • Exceed Action (markdown) • Violate Action (drop)
Congestion Management Tools • Buffering • Storing packets in memory • Queuing • Buffering packets according to traffic class • Scheduling • Order of transmission of buffered packets • Shaping • Smooth bursty traffic
Buffering – Why do we need it? • Speed Mismatch • Client to WAN to Server 18 • Many to One Conversations • Client to Server • Server to Storage • Aggregation Points 1 GE 1 GE 1 GE 1 GE 10 GE10 GE http://www.testbells.com/400-101.html
Scheduling – Who goes first • Defines Order of transmission • The Priority-Queue always serviced first • Normal Queues serviced only after Priority Queue empty • Different Scheduling algorithms for normal queues 19 http://www.testbells.com/400-101.html
Common Scheduling Algorithms • Round Robin (RR) • Simple and Easy to implement • Starvation-free • Weighted Round Robin (WRR) • Serves n packets per non-empty queue • Assumes a mean packet size • Deficit Weighted Round Robin – Variable sized packets – Uses a deficit counter • Shaped Round Robin – More even distributed ordering – Weighted interleaving of flows
4 Class Queuing Model example Class CoS Queues Priority 5-7 PQ No-Drop 3, 4 Q2 Better than Best-Effort 2 Q1 Best-Effort 0, 1 Default-Q
8 Class Queuing Model Class DSCP Queues Priority CS6 (CS7) PQ Platinum EF Gold AF41 Q7 Silver CS4 Q6 No-Drop CoS3 Q5 Bronze AF21 Q4 Management CS2 Q3 Scavenger AF11 Q2 Bulk Data CS1 Q1 Best-Effort 0 Default-Q • Matches often a Campus QoS concept • No-Drop still with CoS3 (DSCP 24- 30 are “unusable”) • Valid but most complex Classification to Marking implementation as per regards to No-Drop
Congestion Avoidance Tools • Tail Drop (TD) • Drop packets at tail of the queue • Single threshold per queue • Weighted Random Early Drop (WRED) • One or more thresholds per queue • Threshold associated with DSCP or COS
Putting it all together! 24 Egress Port PQ1 Q2 Q3 Q-Default Scheduler DWRR Drop Threshold 4 Drop Threshold 3 Drop Threshold 2 Drop Threshold 1 Normal Queue Packet is placed in the Egress Queue according to CoS/DSCP value. 1 Normal Queues have Threshold and drop packet accordingly 4 Priority Queue always served first 2 Normal Queues served after PQ is empty according to Scheduler 3 data L2 CoS [3] L3 DSCP [24] COS Queue 5, 6, 7 PQ1 3, 4 Q3 2 Q2 0, 1 Q-Default
Congestion could result in….. 25 Head Line Blockingof
Head of Line Blocking What is the Problem? 26 No Congestion Red Cars blocked!
Head of Line Blocking Solution – Create Separate Lanes but… 27 Cars turned back Stadium Full
Head of Line Blocking Solution – Have an arbiter 28 Supermarket Not Full Stadium Full
Head of Line Blocking What is the Problem? 29 Ingress Module Egress Module Ingress Module Egress Module Ingress Module Egress Module Crossbar Fabric buffer
Virtual Output Queues Avoid Head of Line Blocking 30 Ingress Module Egress Module Ingress Module Egress Module Ingress Module Egress Module Crossbar Fabric Ingress VOQ
Virtual Output Queues Avoid Head of Line Blocking 31 Ingress Module Egress Module Ingress Module Egress Module Ingress Module Egress Module Crossbar Fabric Ingress VOQ buffer
Agenda • Introduction • QoS and Queuing Basics • QoS Implementation on Nexus • Nexus 7000/7700 QoS • Nexus 5600/6000 QoS • Nexus 2000 QoS • Real World Configuration Examples • Conclusion
QoS Implementation on Nexus
3 Block Construct Nexus uses Modular QOS CLI (MQC) 34 What Traffic do we care about? • DSCP • CoS • IPPREC • ACLs Class-Map Where do I apply this policy? • System Wide • Vlan • Interface (in/out) • Port-channels Service-Policy What action do I take on these classes? • Policing • Marking • Scheduling Policy-Map
New QoS Capabilities Priority Flow Control (802.1Qbb) • Enables Lossless Ethernet using per COS pause • During congestion, no-drop COS is paused • Primarily for FCoE (COS 3) 35
New QoS Capabilities • DCBXP (802.1Qaz) • LLDP with new TLV Values • Negotiates capabilities (like PFC) with other devices • ECN (Explicit Congestion Notification) • Congestion Notification without dropping packets • Uses two LSB bits in DiffServ field in IP header 36 DiffServ Field Values 0x00 – Non ECN Capable 0x10 – ECN Capable Transport (0) 0x01 – ECN Capable Transport (1) 0x11- Congestion Encountered
Network-QoS Policy • Should be consistent across all switches in network • Supported on F-cards on Nexus 7x00 and Nexus 5x00,6000,9000 • Applied on the system-qos target in admin (or default) vdc • Configures the following • Pause Behavior (PFC) • MTU (per VL) • Congestion Control (TD or WRED) 37 Nexus(config)# system qos Nexus(config-sys-qos)# service-policy type network- qos my_template
Three Different Types 38 Network-QoS •Congestion-Control •Pause / MTU per VL QoS •Marking •Policing •Mutation Queuing •Buffering •Queuing •Scheduling Policy-map QoS •CoS •DSCP •PREC •ACLs Queuing •CoS •DSCP Class-map Service-policy QoS •Interfaces •Vlans •Port-channel •System-qos Queuing •Interfaces •Port-channels •System-qos Network-QoS •System-qos Network-QoS •CoS •Protocol (fcoe)
VLAN based QoS Policy attachment • VLAN based QoS Policy is configured in VLAN Database • No SVI (aka L3 VLAN Interface) required 39 Nexus(config)# vlan configuration <vlan-id> Nexus(config-vlan)# service-policy input myPolicy Routed Port Access Port 802.1q Trunk Routed Port Access Port 802.1q Trunk VLAN VLAN QoS Polcies Service Policy applied to the VLAN Database
Interface based QoS Policy attachment • Interface based QoS Policy takes precedence over VLAN • Can also be attached to port- channel and applies to all member- ports • No Egress QoS policies on L2 ports! 40 Nexus(config)# interface ethernet 1/1 Nexus(config-if)# service-policy input myPolicy Routed Port Access Port 802.1q Trunk Routed Port Port-channel QoS Policies Service policy applied to the switchport Service Policy applied to the Switchport … … or the Routed Port … or a port- channel
Interface based Queuing Policy attachment • Interface based QoS Policy takes precedence over VLAN • Interface based QoS Policy is configured under the respective Interface • Queuing Policy can be attached to port-channel also 41 Nexus(config)# interface ethernet 1/1 Nexus(config-if)# service-policy input myPolicy Routed Port Access Port 802.1q Trunk Routed Port QoS Policies Service policy applied to the switchport Service Policy applied to the Switchport … … or the Routed Port … or a port- channel Port-Channel
To Trust or Not To Trust? • Data Centre architecture provides a new set of trust boundaries • Virtual Switch extends the trust boundary into the Hypervisor • Nexus Switches always trust CoS and DSCP 42
Agenda • Introduction • QoS and Queuing Basics • QoS Implementation on Nexus • Nexus 7000/7700 QoS • Nexus 5600/6000 QoS • Nexus 2000 QoS • Real World Configuration Examples • Conclusion
Nexus 7000/7700 QoS
Nexus 7000 / 7700 I/O Module Families M1 1G and 10G M2 10G / 40G / 100G F1 10G F2 10G F2E 10G F3 40G F2E 10G F3 10G / 40G / 100G
12 X 10G MAC / LinkSec Forwarding Engine VOQs Fabric 2 ASIC To Fabric Modules Replication Engine Replication Engine Front Panel Ports LC CPU EOBC VOQs 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 12 X 10G MAC / LinkSec Forwarding Engine VOQs Replication Engine Replication Engine VOQs 242322212019181716151413 To Central Arbiters Arbitration Aggregator … M2 I/O Module Architecture 46 BRKARC-3470 Cisco Nexus 7000 / 7700 Switch Architecture
Ingress Module Egress ModuleCrossbar Fabric M2 I/O QoS Packet-Flow (10G) 47 Ingress VoQ-ASIC 1p3q1t 1 2 3 4 VOQ Ingress port-ASIC Ingress1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8q2t Egress port-ASIC Egress 1p7q4t 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Egress VoQ-ASIC Egress FIFO 1 Arbiter 8 3 8 1 Forwarding Engine CoS to Queue-Mapping >Policy Type “queuing” (Scheduling, Buffering) 1 Default CoS-to-Queue map: CoS [2] to Default-Q (8) 2 >Policy Type “qos” (Mutation, Classification, Marking, Policing) 3 VoQ gets assigned based on Dest + CoS value 4 Credit Grant for Fabric Access 5 Traffic gets forwarded over Fabric 6 Return Credit to Pool 8 Traffic gets Received on Egress VoQ 7 CoS to Queue-Mapping >Policy Type “queuing” (Scheduling, Buffering) 9 Default CoS-to-Queue map: CoS [2] to Default-Q (8) 10 data L2 CoS [2] L3 DSCP [24] data L2 CoS [2] L3 DSCP [24]
Ingress Module Egress ModuleCrossbar Fabric M2 I/O QoS Packet-Flow (40G/100G) 48 Ingress VoQ-ASIC 1p3q1t 1 2 3 4 VOQ Ingress port-ASIC Ingress1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8q2t Egress port-ASIC Egress 1p7q4t 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Egress VoQ-ASIC Egress FIFO 1 Arbiter 8 3 8 1 Forwarding Engine CoS to Queue-Mapping >Policy Type “queuing” (Scheduling, Buffering) 1 Default CoS-to-Queue map: CoS [2] to Default-Q (8) 2 >Policy Type “qos” (Mutation, Classification, Marking, Policing) 3 VQI gets assigned based on 5-Tuple flow information 41 Credit Grant for Fabric Access 5 Traffic gets forwarded over Fabric 6 Return Credit to Pool 8 Traffic gets Received on Egress VoQ 7 CoS to Queue-Mapping >Policy Type “queuing” (Scheduling, Buffering) 9 Default CoS-to-Queue map: CoS [2] to Default-Q (8) 10 VoQ gets assigned based on VQI + CoS 42 data L2 CoS [2] L3 DSCP [24] data L2 CoS [2] L3 DSCP [24]
M2 I/O Module Buffering Capacity M2 Module Ingress Queue Structure Ingress Port Buffer Ingress VOQ Buffer 24-port 10G N7K-M224XP-23L 8q2t 5.2MB / port 4.5MB / port 6-port 40G N7K-M206FQ-23L 8q2t 20.8MB / port 18MB / port 2-port 100G N7K-M202CF-22L 8q2t 62.8MB / port 54MB / port M2 Module VOQ Structure Egress VOQ Buffer (Credited) Egress VOQ Buffer (Uncredited) Egress Queue Structure Egress Port Buffer 24-port 10G N7K-M224XP-23L 1p4q 295KB / port 512KB / 6 ports 1p7q4t 5MB / port 6-port 40G N7K-M206FQ-23L 1p4q 1.2MB / port 1MB / 3 ports 1p7q4t 20.7MB / port 2-port 100G N7K-M202CF-22L 1p4q 3MB / port 1MB / port 1p7q4t 30.2MB / port Ingress Egress
8 X 10G SoC 1 Nexus 7700 F3 48-Port 1G/10G Module Architecture To Fabric Modules FSA CPU EOBC To Central Arbiters Arbitration Aggregator 8 X 10G SoC 2 8 X 10G SoC 3 8 X 10G SoC 4 8 X 10G SoC 5 8 X 10G SoC 6 55Gbps 6 X 110Gbps Fabric ASIC Fabric ASIC 6 X 110Gbps 55Gbps LC Inband 1G per SOC …x 6 1 Front Panel Ports (SFP/SFP+) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 LinkSec-capable to LC CPU
Nexus 7000/ 7700 F2 48-Port 1G/10G Module Architecture 51 4 X 10G SoC Front Panel Ports To Fabric Modules Fabric 2 2 4 LC CPU EOBC To Central Arbiters Arbitration Aggregator … 4 X 10G SoC 6 8 4 X 10G SoC 10 12 4 X 10G SoC 14 16 4 X 10G SoC 18 20 4 X 10G SoC 22 24 4 X 10G SoC 26 28 4 X 10G SoC 30 32 4 X 10G SoC 34 36 4 X 10G SoC 38 40 4 X 10G SoC 42 44 4 X 10G SoC 46 48 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 LinkSec-capable (F2E fiber only) LinkSec-capable (F2E copper only)
2 X 40G SoC 1 Nexus 7700 24-Port 40G Module Architecture 1 Front Panel Ports (QSFP+) To Fabric Modules FSA CPU EOBC To Central Arbiters Arbitration Aggregator 2 X 40G SoC 2 2 X 40G SoC 3 2 X 40G SoC 4 2 X 40G SoC 5 2 X 40G SoC 6 2 X 40G SoC 7 2 X 40G SoC 8 2 X 40G SoC 9 2 X 40G SoC 10 2 X 40G SoC 11 2 X 40G SoC 12 55Gbps 6 X 110Gbps Fabric ASIC Fabric ASIC 6 X 110Gbps 55Gbps LC Inband 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1G switch 6 x 1G 1G per SOC… …x 12
Nexus 7700 12-Port 100G Module Architecture Front Panel Ports (CPAK) To Fabric Modules To Central Arbiters Arbitration Aggregator 1 X 100G SoC 2 2 1 X 100G SoC 3 3 1 X 100G SoC 4 4 1 X 100G SoC 5 5 1 X 100G SoC 6 6 1 X 100G SoC 7 1 X 100G SoC 8 1 X 100G SoC 9 1 X 100G SoC 10 1 X 100G SoC 11 55Gbps 6 X 110Gbps Fabric ASIC Fabric ASIC 6 X 110Gbps 7 8 9 10 11 55Gbps 1 X 100G SoC 12 12 1 X 100G SoC 1 1 FSA CPU EOBC LC Inband 1G switch 6 x 1G 1G per SOC… …x 12
Decision Engine Ingress Parser F3 SoC Virtual Queuing Ingress Buffer Port Logic Egress Buffer F3 SoC Architecture Egress Parser Layer 2 Lookups Layer 3 Lookups Classification Marking / Policing Front Panel Ports 8x10G 2x40G 1x100G To Central Arbiter To Local Fabric From Local Fabric
Egress SOCIngress SOC Ingress Buffer F3 10G Buffering Model FABRIC Egress Buffer VQI 8 10G Port 1 10G Port 8 DWRR SP 10G Port 1 10G Port 8 8 priority levels 1.5MB 4 ingress queues per port Virtual Queuing 8K VOQs (1K Dest + 8 priority levels) Ingress Buffer – Manages congestion toward egress destinations Buffering / queuing INGRESS QUEUING POLICIES Egress Scheduling Central Arbiter Virtual Queuing / Egress Buffer – Receives frames from fabric; Schedules frame transmission Scheduling EGRESS QUEUING POLICIES … VQI 1 DWRR SP … 1.5MB
Egress SOCIngress SOC Ingress Buffer F3 40G Buffering Model FABRIC Egress Buffer VQI 1 VQI 2 40G Port 1 40G Port 2 DWRR SP DWRR SP 40G Port 1 40G Port 2 8 priority levels4 ingress queues per port Virtual Queuing 8K VOQs (1K VQIs + 8 priority levels) Ingress Buffer – Manages congestion toward egress destinations (VQIs) Buffering / queuing INGRESS QUEUING POLICIES Egress Scheduling Central Arbiter Virtual Queuing / Egress Buffer – Receives frames from fabric; Schedules frame transmission Scheduling EGRESS QUEUING POLICIES 6MB 6MB
Egress SOCIngress SOC Ingress Buffer F3 100G Buffering Model FABRIC Egress Buffer VQI 1 100G Port 1 DWRR SP 100G Port 1 8 priority levels 12MB 4 ingress queues per port Virtual Queuing 8K VOQs (1K VQIs + 8 priority levels) Ingress Buffer – Manages congestion toward egress destinations (VQIs) Buffering / queuing INGRESS QUEUING POLICIES Egress Scheduling Central Arbiter Virtual Queuing / Egress Buffer – Receives frames from fabric; Schedules frame transmission Scheduling EGRESS QUEUING POLICIES
Decision Engine Ingress Parser CL TCAM F2E/F3 SoC Port Logic Virtual Queuing Ingress Buffer Layer 2 Lookups Layer 3 Lookups Classification Marking / Policing F2E/ F3 SoC Port Logic Egress Buffer Module 2 e2/1 Fabric ASIC Fabric Module 1 Fabric ASIC Supervisor Engine Central Arbiter Module 1 e1/1 Fabric Module 2 Fabric ASIC Fabric Module 3 Fabric ASIC Fabric Module 4 Fabric ASIC Fabric Module 5 Fabric ASIC Fabric ASIC e1/1 e2/1 e2/1 DWRRSP F2E/F3 QoS Packet Walk PKT HDR HDRPKT Req Credit Credit PKT HDR Receive packet from wire Ingress packet parsing Packet headers sent to DE Payload queued in port buffer based on COS / DSCP Buffer credit granted Check VQ drop thresholds All L2 + L3 lookups / Ingress + egress QoS classification / Ingress + egress marking and policing CL TCAM contains QoS classification rules Final lookup result: destination + priority Transmit to fabric Receive from fabric Schedule and transmit on wire Buffer on egress based on dest+ priority Queue packet descriptor in VOQ (dest + priority) Return buffer credit (dest + priority) Request buffer credit for dest + priority
Ingress Queuing – Logical View 59 CoS 0-4 (Q-Default) CoS 5-7 (Q1) 8e Template CoS 3 (Q4) CoS 5-7 (Q1) 7e Template CoS 0,1 (Q-Default) CoS 2,4 (Q3) CoS 0-2 (Q-Default) CoS 5-7 (Q1) 6e Template CoS 4 (Q3) CoS 3 (Q4) CoS 0 (Q-Default) CoS 5-7 (Q1) 4e Template CoS 4 (Q3) CoS 1-3 (Q4) High (Pause) Threshold Low (Resume) Threshold 8e-4q4q Template CoS 3-4 (Q3) CoS 5-7 (Q1) CoS 2 (Q4) CoS 0-1 (Q-Default)
Egress Queuing – Logical View 60 EgressPort Q2 PQ1 Q3 Q-Def default-4q-7e-out-policy Q-Def. (0,1) PQ1 (5,6,7) Q3 (2,4) Q2 (3) DWRR Priority DWRR 50% 50% EgressPort PQ2(H) PQ3(L) PQ1 Q-Def default-4q-6e-out-policy Q-Def. (0-2) PQ3 (3) PQ1 (5,6,7) PQ2. (4) DWRR PrioPrio DWRR 100% EgressPort PQ1(H) Q-Def PQ2(L) Q3 default-4q-4e-out-policy Q3 (1,2,3) Q-Def. (0) PQ2 (4) PQ1 (5,6,7) DWRR DWRR PrioPrio DWRR 100% 100% red indicates no-drop EgressPort PQ1 Q2 Q3 Q-Def DWRR default-4q-8e-out-policy Q-Def. (0,1) Q2 (3,4) Q3 (2) PQ1 (5,6,7) Priority 33%33%33% EgressPort PQ1 Q2 Q3 Q-Def DWRR default-4q4q-8e-out-policy Q-Def. (0,1) Q2 (3,4) Q3 (2) PQ1 (5,6,7) Priority 33%33%33%
F I/O Module Buffering Capacity Module Total VOQ Buffer Per Module Ingress Queue Structure Ingress VOQ Buffer 48-port 10G F2E N77-F248XP-23E 72MB 4q1t 1.5MB / port F3 48-port 10G N77-F348XP-23 72MB 4q1t 1.5MB / port F3 24-port 40G N77-F324FQ-25 144MB 4q1t 6MB / port F3 12-port 100G N77-F312CK-26 144MB 4q1t 12MB / port Module Egress VOQ Structure Egress VOQ Buffer (Credited) Egress VOQ Buffer (Uncredited) 48-port 10G F2E N77-F248XP-23E 1p7q1t 295KB / port 256KB / 4 ports F3 48-port 10G N77-F348XP-23 1p7q1t 295KB / port 512KB / 8 ports F3 24-port 40G N77-F324FQ-25 1p7q1t 1.1MB / port 512KB / 2 ports F3 12-port 100G N77-F312CK-26 1p7q1t 2.2MB / port 512KB / 1 port Ingress Egress
N7k# show policy-map type queuing | beg default 4q-8e policy-map type queuing default-4q-8e-in-policy class type queuing 2q4t-8e-in-q1 queue-limit percent 10 bandwidth percent 50 class type queuing 2q4t-8e-in-q-default queue-limit percent 90 bandwidth percent 50 policy-map type queuing default-4q-8e-out-policy class type queuing 1p3q1t-8e-out-pq1 priority level 1 class type queuing 1p3q1t-8e-out-q2 bandwidth remaining percent 33 class type queuing 1p3q1t-8e-out-q3 bandwidth remaining percent 33 class type queuing 1p3q1t-8e-out-q-default bandwidth remaining percent 33 Network-QoS and Default Queuing (global) • default-nq-8e-policy is default network-qos policy and attached to system qos in Admin-/Default- VDC • The system queuing policy applied by default can be overridden on a per port basis. 62 Note: show policy-map system does display similar output 2 ingress queues with buffer ratio 1:9 and DWRR wieights 1:1 4 egress queues with one priority queue and DWRR wieights 1:1:1
CoS or DSCP to Queue Mapping • Default CoS to Queue Mapping for Nexus 7000/7700 (F- and M-Series I/O Module) • Ingress: CoS to Queue • Egress: CoS to Queue • DSCP to Queue Mapping for Nexus 7000/7700 (F- and M-Series I/O Module) • Ingress: DSCP to Queue • Egress: CoS to Queue • Global Configuration (Admin/Default VDC) required to enable DSCP to Queue Mapping: 63 N7k(config)# hardware qos dscp-to-queue ingress module type {all | f-series | m-series}
Changing the Default Trust 64 802.1q Trunk / Access Port Ingress Queues Egress Queues routed/bridged CoS CoS q-1 q-n Note: CoS is used for egress queue selection, even if the egress interface does NOT carry CoS in the frame q-default Set CoS 0 (will only set CoS to 0) data L2 CoS [0] L3 DSCP [24] Set DSCP 0 (will set DSCP + CoS to 0) L3 DSCP [0] data L2 CoS [0] L3 DSCP [0] data L2 CoS [2] L3 DSCP [24] 802.1q Trunk
Changing The Default Trust (M-Series I/O Module) • You can make an interface untrusted (CoS & DSCP) • CoS for bridged traffic • DSCP for routed traffic • You need two Policies • A "type queuing" policy to set the CoS to 0 • A "type qos" policy to set the DSCP to 0  Set DSCP will set the CoS value for Bridged traffic as well. 65 policy-map type queuing Reset-CoS class type queuing 8q2t-in-q-default set cos 0 bandwidth percent 100 queue-limit percent 100 ! policy-map type qos Reset-DSCP class class-default set dscp 0 ! ! Tie to an interface: interface Ethernet1/1 service-policy type queuing input Reset-CoS service-policy type qos input Reset-DSCP
Changing The Default Trust (F-Series I/O Module) 66 qos copy policy-map type queuing default-4q-8e-in-policy prefix UNTRUSTED- ! policy-map type queuing untrusted-4q-8e-in class type queuing 2q4t-8e-in-q1 queue-limit percent 1 class type queuing 2q4t-8e-in-q-default queue-limit percent 99 set cos 0 ! policy-map type qos UNTRUSTED class class-default set dscp 0 ! ! Tie to an interface: interface Ethernet1/1 service-policy type queuing input untrusted-4q-8e-in service-policy type qos input UNTRUSTED
Nexus 7000 QoS Golden Rules • QoS is enabled by default and cannot be disabled • CoS and DSCP are TRUSTED by default • Default Queuing and QoS policies are applied to all physical interfaces across all VDCs • For bridged traffic, CoS is preserved, DSCP is unmodified • For routed traffic, DSCP is copied to CoS (first 3 bits) • Ex: DSCP 40 (b101000) becomes CoS 5 (b101)
Agenda • Introduction • QoS and Queuing Basics • QoS Implementation on Nexus • Nexus 7000/7700 QoS • Nexus 5600/6000 QoS • Nexus 2000 QoS • Real World Configuration Examples • Conclusion
Nexus 5600/6000 QoS
Cisco Nexus 5600/6000 Overview 70 High Performance High Scalability Feature-Rich Visibility and Analytics • Line rate L2 and L3 • 1-us port-to-port latency • 25-MB buffer per port ASIC • 10 GE and true 40 GE • Up to 224,000 MAC • Up to 128,000 ARP • L2 and L3 features • vPC and FabricPath • FC and FCOE • VXLAN Bridging and Routing • Line-rate SPAN • Sampled NetFlow • Micro-burst monitoring • Latency monitoring
Egress VOQ buffer Ingress VOQ buffer Ingress Module Egress Module Ingress Module Ingress Module Crossbar Fabric Ingress Buffering Model Nexus 5600/6000 compared to Nexus 7000 F-Series I/O Module 71 Ingress VOQ buffer – Manages congestion toward egress destinations Egress VOQ buffer – Receives frames from fabric; also buffers multi-destination frames Egress VOQ buffer Ingress VOQ buffer Nexus 7000 F-Series I/O Module
Key Concepts – Common Points • Nexus 5000/6000 & Nexus 7000 F-Series I/O Modules share the Ingress Buffer Model • Ingress buffering and queuing occur at VOQ of each ingress port • Egress scheduling enforced by egress port • No Egress QOS Policies Nexus 7000 compared to Nexus 5000/6000 QoS 72
Cisco Nexus 5600/6000 QoS Features • Traffic classification ‒ DSCP, CoS, IP Precedence and ACL • Packet marking ‒ DSCP, CoS, and ECN • Strict Priority Queuing and DWRR ‒ Priority Flow Control ‒ DCBX 802.1Qaz • Ingress policing (No egress policing) ‒ 4096 policers per ASIC • Flexible buffer management
Unified Ports Nexus 5672UP Architecture Overview UPC 1 24xSFP+ Fabric 6xQSFP+ CPU Supervisor UPC-0UPC 2 UPC 3 UPC 4 UPC 5 UPC 6 24xSFP+ Slot 1 Slot 2
UPC 1 24x SFP+ Fabric 2x QSFP+ CPU Supervisor Nexus 56128PQ Internal Architecture UPC 2 UPC 3 UPC 4 UPC 5 UPC 6 24x SFP+ 2x QSFP+ * Changing the port speed on UPC5 will reload the system. Expansion Slot 2 Expansion Slot 3 Slot 1
Packet Buffering • 25MB packet buffer is shared by every three 40 GE ports or twelve 10 GE ports. • Buffer is 16MB at ingress and 9MB at egress. • Unicast packet can be buffered at both ingress and egress. 448 Gbps 224 Gbps Ingress UPC Egress UPC UnicastVOQMulticastVOQ Unified Crossbar Fabric 16MB 9MB
Nexus 5600 QoS Packet Walk Crossbar Fabric MAC Traffic Classification Ingress Cos/DSCP Marking Forwarding VoQs (8 per egress port) Egress Queues Trust CoS/DSCP and Match on COS/DSCP/ACL Make a forwarding decision If Buffer Usage Crosses Threshold: • Tail drop for drop class • Assert Pause for no-drop COS Strict Priority + DWRR Scheduling MAC Ingress UPC Ingress Policing WRED/ECN Marking Egress Scheduling Egress UPC Per-class Buffer Usage Monitoring Ingress Buffer Egress Buffer
Flexible Buffer Management Ingress Buffer • Shared buffer is good for burst absorption. • Dedicated buffer is good for predictable performance for each port. • On by default, no configuration needed • Long-distance FCoE, video editing (i.e., AVID), Big Data, and distributed storage Port 1 Dedicated Port 2 Dedicated Port 3 Dedicated Shared Packet Buffer SPAN Control UPC Ingress Buffer (16MB)
WRED/ ECN Configuration • ECN parameters are configurable only at system level. • ECN is enabled by default along with WRED • Packet Threshold below minimum – Transmit • Packet Threshold between minimum and maximum – Mark ECN bits • Packet Threshold above maximum – Drop switch(config)# hardware random-detect min-thresh 10g 10g-min-threshold 40g 40g-min- threshold max-thresh 10g 10g-max-threshold 40g 40g-max-threshold ecn qos-group qos- group-number
Nexus 5600/6000 QoS Configuration Model • Uses QOS-Groups to tie together QoS, Queuing and Network-QoS policies • QoS-Group has no direct relation with CoS value • QoS-Groups defined (set) in policy-map type qos. • QoS-groups referenced (match) in policy type queuing and policy-map type network- qos
Putting it all together class-map type qos class_foo match cos 3-4 policy-map type qos pm1 class type qos class_foo set qos-group 1 police cir 20 mbytes conform transmit violate drop class type qos class-default set qos-group 0 interface ethernet 1/1 service-policy type qos input pm1 class-map type queuing class-foo match qos-group 1 policy-map type queuing policy-foo class type queuing class-foo bandwidth percent 20 class type queuing class-default bandwidth percent 80 interface ethernet 1/3 service-policy type queuing input policy-foo Create class-map type qos and match on cos/dscp/acls Create policy-map type qos and set qos-group and/or add policing rule Attach policy-map type qos as input to an interface Attach policy-map queuing to interface Create policy-map type queuing and create actions Create class-map type queuing and match on qos- group
Buffering and Scheduling Considerations • Buffering is achieved via policy-map type network-qos where queue- limit can be configured • Scheduling is configured with policy-map type queuing where priority & bandwidth for DWRR is defined • Queuing Policy can be attached in both direction, ingress and egress • Egress controls how the traffic is leaving the Switch • Ingress controls how a attached DCBX capable Device is sending • Queuing will be configured with policy-map type queuing and does NOT interfere with policy-map type qos 82 N5k# show interface ethernet 1/1 capabilities | i Model|QOS Model: N5K-C5672UP-SUP QOS scheduling: rx-(6q1t),tx-(1p6q0t)
Buffering Capacity Traffic Type Ingress Queue Structure 10 GE Port 40 GE Port Control traffic (per port) 6q1t 64 KB 67 KB Span Traffic (per Port) 6q1t 38.4 KB 154 KB Class Default (per Port) 6q1t 100 KB 100 KB Shared Buffer 6q1t 13.2 MB 14.7 MB Traffic Type Egress Queue Structure 10 GE Port 40 GE Port Unicast 1p5q0t 363 KB 650 KB with 10GB Fabric Mode 635 KB with 40GB Fabric Mode Multicast 1p5q0t 4.3MB 6.6 MB Ingress Egress
Nexus 5600/6000 QoS Golden Rules • ECN/WRED is enabled by default and cannot be disabled • CoS and DSCP are TRUSTED by default • Use QoS-Groups to tie policies together • No Egress QOS policies
Agenda • Introduction • QoS and Queuing Basics • QoS Implementation on Nexus • Nexus 7000/7700 QoS • Nexus 5600/6000 QoS • Nexus 2000 QoS • Real World Configuration Examples • Conclusion
Nexus 2000 QoS
FEX Overview • Scalable and Extensible Fabric • Single point of management • Homogeneous and consistent policies
Cisco Nexus 2000 QoS Features • Traffic classification ‒ DSCP, CoS ‒ ACL classification (FEX offload) –only on 5600/6000 • Strict Priority Queuing and DWRR ‒ Priority Flow Control • Queue-limit Carving
Nexus Parent FEX QoS Policies • Support for ingress port-based QoS policies on FEX HIF ports • Support for ingress/egress VLAN-based QoS policies on FEX VLANs • FEX QoS policies applied at ingress module of parent switch • No support for remarking, policing policies FEX Module /Port Module /Port FEX Ingress port- based QoS policy Ingress/egress VLAN-based QoS policy Ingress FEX Egress FEX Ingress Module Egress Module
Nexus Parent FEX Module Module FEX Ingress queue / egress schedule based on COS 0 Ingress FEX (FEX 101) Egress FEXIngress Module Egress Module FabricPKT DSCP 0 COS 0 Ingress queue at input port based on COS 0 Egress schedule based on COS 0 Ingress queue / egress schedule based on COS 0 1Q trunk FEX QoS Packet Flow Example (CoS2Q)
Nexus Parent FEX QoS Packet Flow Example (DSCP2Q) FEX Module Module FEX Ingress queue / egress schedule based on DSCP 0 Ingress FEX (FEX 101) Egress FEXIngress Module Egress Module Fabric Ingress queue at input port based on DSCP 0 Egress schedule based on COS 0 Ingress queue / egress schedule based on DSCP 0 PKT DSCP 0 COS 0
Ingress QoS policy: policy-map type qos marker class ClassA set dscp cs3 ! interface ethernet 101/1/1 service-policy type qos input marker Nexus 7000 FEX QoS Packet Flow Example (With Ingress Marking Policy and DSCP- to-Queue) FEX Module Module FEX Ingress queue / egress schedule based on DSCP 0 Ingress FEX (FEX 101) Egress FEXIngress Module Egress Module FabricPKT DSCP 0 COS 0 PKT DSCP CS3 COS 3 Ingress queue at input port based on DSCP 0 Classify and remark to DSCP CS3/COS 3 at ingress Decision Engine Egress schedule based on COS 3 Ingress queue / egress schedule based on DSCP CS3
Ingress QoS policy: policy-map type qos marker class ClassA set dscp cs3 ! interface ethernet 101/1/1 service-policy type qos input marker Nexus 7000 FEX QoS Packet Flow Example (With Ingress Marking Policy and DSCP- to-Queue) FEX Module Module FEX Ingress queue / egress schedule based on DSCP 0 Ingress FEX (FEX 101) Egress FEXIngress Module Egress Module FabricPKT DSCP 0 COS 0 PKT DSCP CS3 COS 3 Ingress queue at input port based on DSCP 0 Classify and remark to DSCP CS3/COS 3 at ingress Decision Engine Egress schedule based on COS 3 Ingress queue / egress schedule based on DSCP CS3
FEX Policy Offload (Nexus 5600/6000 only) • TCAM resources on a FEX to perform ACL-based classification • The feature is disabled by default • By default, a FEX classifies packets on CoS value • Both system level and interface level policies are offloaded to the FEX switch# configure terminal fex chassis_ID hardware card-type qos-policy-offload
FEX Queuing Policies • FEX queuing driven implicitly by parent switch queuing configuration • Network QoS template drives: • Number of queues • MTU • Ingress queuing class-maps drive: • BOTH ingress and egress COS/DSCP-to-queue mapping • On Nexus 7000 with FEX + M-Series parent modules, network-qos and F-series ingress queuing class-maps still drive FEX queuing configuration
DSCP-to-Queue on FEX • Enabling DSCP-to-queue on parent switch enables DSCP-to-queue on FEX • Currently active DSCP mappings pushed to FEX when enabled • DSCP-to-queue only active in the HIF→NIF direction • NIF→HIF direction always uses COS-to-queue mapping, based on COS transmitted by parent switch to FEX
FEX Queue-Limit • Provides FEX queue-limit configuration option • Manages buffer thresholds on FEX based on platform capabilities • Default has queue-limit disabled • Configuration applied per-VDC (on Nexus 7000/7700) • Different FEX models have different capabilities
Nexus 2000 QoS Golden Rules • FEX QOS classification on COS or DSCP unless FEX offload enabled • FEX queuing driven implicitly by parent switch queuing configuration • No support for per-queue shaping, policing or marking • Drop thresholds are tail-drop only, no WRED support
Agenda • Introduction • QoS and Queuing Basics • QoS Implementation on Nexus • Nexus 7000/7700 QoS • Nexus 5600/6000 QoS • Nexus 2000 QoS • Real World Configuration Examples • Conclusion
Real World Configuration Examples
What do we want to achieve? Company Foobar’s Business Goals 101 • Make sure no disruption in network services • Put control traffic in priority queue • Video/voice hosting also an business objective • Put voice traffic in priority queue • Dedicated bandwidth to video traffic • Flexibility in moving applications across servers • Dedicated bandwidth to vmotion/mobility • Everything else best-effort
Translating to the language of QoS 102 Application CoS Queuing (Scheduling) Queue-Limit (Buffer) Character Best Effort 0, 1 BW remaining 50% 60% High Volume / Less Important vMotion / Live Migration 2 BW remaining 20% 10% Medium Volume / Important Multimedia 3, 4 BW remaining 30% 20% Medium Volume Very Important Strict Priority 5 Priority Queue 10% Low Volume / Important / Delay Sensitive Network Control 6,7 Low Volume / Very important
Topology 103 vpc peer-link vpc peer-link vpc peer-link vpc peer-link Core Nexus 7000 Nexus 5000 Nexus 5000 Nexus 5000Nexus 5000 Nexus 5000Nexus 5000 Nexus 2000 Nexus 7000 Nexus 2000 Nexus 2000 Nexus 2000Nexus 2000Nexus 2000 M2 cards facing core and F2/F3 cards facing access VPC from access to aggregation Host VPC, Straight-through FEX Enhanced VPC (evPC) Straight-through FEX, No VPC
Classification, Marking & Trust on Nexus 5000/7000 104 vpc peer-link vpc peer-link vpc peer-link vpc peer-link Between the different Tiers, all ports are TRUSTED Mark Traffic from Core (policy-map type qos) or just TRUST (default) Core Mark Traffic from Servers (policy-map type qos) or just TRUST (default)
Classification & Marking: Nexus 7000 ip access-list ACL_QOS_LOWPRIO 10 permit … ip access-list ACL_QOS_VMOTION 10 permit … ip access-list ACL_QOS_MULTIMEDIA 10 permit … ip access-list ACL_QOS_SCRICTPRIO 10 permit … ! class-map type qos match-any CM_QOS_LOWPRIO_COS1 match access-group name ACL_QOS_LOWPRIO ! class-map type qos match-any CM_QOS_VMOTION_COS2 match access-group name ACL_QOS_VMOTION ! class-map type qos match-any CM_QOS_MULTIMEDIA_COS4 match access-group name ACL_QOS_MULTIMEDIA ! class-map type qos match-any CM_QOS_STRICTPRIO_COS5 match access-group name ACL_QOS_STRICTPRIO policy-map type qos PM_QOS_MARK_COS_IN class CM_QOS_STRICTPRIO_COS5 set cos 5 class CM_QOS_MULTIMEDIA_COS4 set cos 4 class CM_QOS_VMOTION_COS2 set cos 2 class CM_QOS_LOWPRIO_COS1 set cos 1 ! interface Ethernet1/1 service-policy type qos input PM_QOS_MARK_COS_IN ! vlan configuration 100 service-policy input PM_QOS_MARK_COS_IN 105
Classification & Marking: Nexus 5600/6000 (1) ip access-list ACL_QOS_LOWPRIO 10 permit … ip access-list ACL_QOS_VMOTION 10 permit … ip access-list ACL_QOS_MULTIMEDIA 10 permit … ! class-map type qos match-any CM_QOS_LOWPRIO_COS1 match access-group name ACL_QOS_LOWPRIO ! class-map type qos match-any CM_QOS_VMOTION_COS2 match access-group name ACL_QOS_VMOTION ! class-map type qos match-any CM_QOS_MULTIMEDIA_COS4 match access-group name ACL_QOS_MULTIMEDIA ! class-map type qos match-any CM_QOS_STRICTPRIO_COS5 match cos 5 policy-map type qos PM_QOS_MARK_COS_IN class CM_QOS_STRICTPRIO_COS5 set qos-group 5 class CM_QOS_MULTIMEDIA_COS4 set qos-group 4 class CM_QOS_VMOTION_COS2 set qos-group 3 class CM_QOS_LOWPRIO_COS1 set qos-group 2 ! system qos service-policy type qos input PM_QOS_MARK_COS_IN 106 QoS-Group # is mapping between Slide 1 & Slide 2
Classification & Marking: Nexus 5500/6000 (2) class-map type network-qos CM_N-QOS_MATCH_QG2_COS1 match qos-group 2 class-map type network-qos CM_N-QOS_MATCH_QG3_COS2 match qos-group 3 class-map type network-qos CM_N-QOS_MATCH_QG4_COS4 match qos-group 4 class-map type network-qos CM_N-QOS_MATCH_QG5_COS5 match qos-group 5 policy-map type network-qos PM_N-QOS_SYSTEM class type network-qos CM_N-QOS_MATCH_QG2_COS1 set cos 1 class type network-qos CM_N-QOS_MATCH_QG3_COS2 set cos 2 class type network-qos CM_N-QOS_MATCH_QG4_COS4 set cos 4 class type network-qos CM_N-QOS_MATCH_QG5_COS5 set cos 5 queue-limit 20480 bytes ! system qos service-policy type network-qos PM_N-QOS_SYSTEM 107 QoS-Group # is mapping between Slide 1 & Slide 2
Classification & Marking (Nexus 2000) 108 vpc peer-link vpc peer-link vpc peer-link vpc peer-link Traffic Classification based on ACL happens here! Core Traffic Classification based on CoS happens here!
Queuing (M2-cards) 109 vpc peer-link vpc peer-link vpc peer-link vpc peer-link Modify CoS to Queue mapping in Admin- /Default-VDC Assign a egress policy- map to each interface with priority, bandwidth and queue-limit to alter default queuing policy Assign ingress policy-map to each interface with bandwidth and queue-limit Core
CoS to Queue Mapping – M2 I/O Module Example 110 Application CoS Queuing (Scheduling) Queue-Limit (Buffer) Queue (8q2t / 1p7q4t) Character Best Effort 0, 1 BW remaining 50% 60% 8q2t-in-q-default / 1p7q4t-out-q-default High Volume / Less Important vMotion / Live Migration 2 BW remaining 20% 10% 8q2t-in-q6 / 1p7q4t-out-q6 Medium Volume / Important Multimedia 3, 4 BW remaining 30% 20% 8q2t-in-q2 / 1p7q4t-out-q2 Medium Volume Very Important Strict Priority 5 Priority Queue 10% 8q2t-in-q1 / 1p7q4t-out-pq1 Low Volume / Important / Delay Sensitive Network Control 6,7 Low Volume / Very important
CoS to Queue Mapping (on M2 cards) Exmple (Admin- / Default-VDC) 111 Core class-map type queuing match-any 8q2t-in-q1 match cos 5-7 class-map type queuing match-any 8q2t-in-q2 match cos 3-4 class-map type queuing match-any 8q2t-in-q6 match cos 2 class-map type queuing match-any 8q2t-in-q-default match cos 0-1 ! class-map type queuing match-any 1p7q4t-out-pq1 match cos 5-7 class-map type queuing match-any 1p7q4t-out-q2 match cos 3-4 class-map type queuing match-any 1p7q4t-out-q6 match cos 2 class-map type queuing match-any 1p7q4t-out-q-default match cos 0-1 Admin- VDC Admin- VDC Changes apply to ALL ports of specified type in ALL VDCs Changes are traffic disruptive for ports of specified type
Ingress Queuing Configuration on M2 cards Example (Payload-VDC) 112 Corepolicy-map type queuing PM_QUEUE_10G-40G-100G_IN class type queuing 8q2t-in-q1 queue-limit 10 bandwidth remaining percent 10 class type queuing 8q2t-in-q2 queue-limit 20 bandwidth remaining percent 30 class type queuing 8q2t-in-q6 queue-limit 10 bandwidth remaining percent 10 class type queuing 8q2t-in-q-default queue-limit percent 50 bandwidth percent 50 ! interface Ethernet1/1 service-policy type queuing input PM_QUEUE_10G-40G-100G_IN All Policy-Map and Service-Policy are done in relevant Payload-VDC and only affect the interface to which they get applied
Egress Queuing Configuration on M2 cards Example (Payload-VDC) 113 Corepolicy-map type queuing PM_QUEUE_10G-40G-100G_OUT class type queuing 1p7q4t-out-pq1 priority level 1 queue-limit percent 10 class type queuing 1p7q4t-out-q2 queue-limit percent 20 bandwidth remaining percent 30 class type queuing 1p7q4t-out-q6 queue-limit percent 10 bandwidth remaining percent 20 class type queuing 1p7q4t-out-q-default queue-limit percent 50 bandwidth remaining percent 40 ! interface Ethernet1/1 service-policy type queuing output PM_QUEUE_10G-40G-100G_OUT All Policy-Map and Service-Policy are done in relevant Payload-VDC and only affect the interface to which they get applied
Network-QoS Configuration on F2/F3-Series 114 vpc peer-link vpc peer-link vpc peer-link vpc peer-link Use the network- qos policy for 8e- 4q4q i.e 4 ingress queues Core
Network-QoS Configuration –F2/F3 cards Example (Admin- / Default-VDC) 115 Core system qos service-policy type network-qos default-nq-8e-4q4q-policy policy-map type network-qos default-nq-8e-4q4q-policy template 8e-4q4q class type network-qos c-nq-8e-4q4q match cos 0-7 congestion-control tail-drop mtu 1500 Admin- VDC Admin- VDC Changes apply to ALL ports of specified type in ALL VDCs Changes are traffic disruptive for ports of specified type
Queuing (F2/F3 cards) 116 vpc peer-link vpc peer-link vpc peer-link vpc peer-link Modify CoS to Queue mapping in Admin- /Default-VDC Assign a ingress policy-map for buffer allocation, no ingress scheduling Core Assign a egress policy-map to each interface with priority, bandwidth and queue-limit to alter default queuing policy
CoS to Queue Mapping – F2/F3 I/O Module Example 117 Application CoS Queuing (Scheduling)- egress Queue-Limit (Buffer)-ingress Queue (Ingress/Egress) Character Best Effort 0,1 BW remaining 50% 50% 4q1t-8e-4q4q-in-q-default / 1p3q1t-8e-4q4q-out-q-default High Volume / Less Important vMotion / Live Migration 2 BW remaining 20% 10% 4q1t-8e-4q4q-in-q4 / 1p3q1t-8e-4q4q-out-q3 Medium Volume / Important Multimedia 3, 4 BW remaining 30% 30% 4q1t-8e-4q4q-in-q3 / 1p3q1t-8e-4q4q-out-q2 Medium Volume Very Important Strict Priority 5 Priority Queue 10% 4q1t-8e-4q4q-in-q1 / 1p3q1t-8e-4q4q-out-pq1 Low Volume / Important / Delay Sensitive Network Control 6/7 Low Volume / Very important
CoS to Queue Configuration –F2/F3 slides Example (Admin- / Default-VDC) 118 Core class-map type queuing match-any 4q1t-8e-4q4q-in-q1 match cos 5-7 class-map type queuing match-any 4q1t-8e-4q4q-in-q-default match cos 0-1 class-map type queuing match-any 4q1t-8e-4q4q-in-q3 match cos 3-4 class-map type queuing match-any 4q1t-8e-4q4q-in-q4 match cos 2 class-map type queuing match-any 1p3q1t-8e-4q4q-out-pq1 match cos 5-7 class-map type queuing match-any 1p3q1t-8e-4q4q-out-q2 match cos 3-4 class-map type queuing match-any 1p3q1t-8e-4q4q-out-q3 match cos 2 class-map type queuing match-any 1p3q1t-8e-4q4q-out-q-default match cos 0-1 Admin- VDC Admin- VDC Changes apply to ALL ports of specified type in ALL VDCs Changes are traffic disruptive for ports of specified type
Ingress Queuing Configuration for F2/F3 cards Example (Payload-VDC) 119 Coreqos copy policy-map type queuing default-8e-4q4q-in-policy prefix Custom- policy-map type queuing Custom-8e-4q4q-in class type queuing 4q1t-8e-4q4q-in-q1 queue-limit percent 10 bandwidth percent 25 class type queuing 4q1t-8e-4q4q-in-q-default queue-limit percent 50 bandwidth percent 25 class type queuing 4q1t-8e-4q4q-in-q3 queue-limit percent 30 bandwidth percent 25 class type queuing 4q1t-8e-4q4q-in-q4 queue-limit percent 10 bandwidth percent 25 interface Ethernet1/1 service-policy type queuing input Custom-8e-4q4q-in All Policy-Map and Service-Policy are done in relevant Payload-VDC and only affect the interface to which they get applied
Egress Queuing Configuration for F2/F3 cards Example (Payload-VDC) 120 Core qos copy policy-map type queuing default-8e-4q4q-out-policy prefix Custom- policy-map type queuing Custom-8e-4q4q-out class type queuing 1p3q1t-8e-4q4q-out-pq1 priority level 1 class type queuing 1p3q1t-8e-4q4q-out-q2 bandwidth remaining percent 30 class type queuing 1p3q1t-8e-4q4q-out-q3 bandwidth remaining percent 20 class type queuing 1p3q1t-8e-4q4q-out-q-default bandwidth remaining percent 50 ! interface Ethernet1/1 service-policy type queuing output Custom-8e-4q4q-out All Policy-Map and Service-Policy are done in relevant Payload-VDC and only affect the interface to which they get applied
CoS to Queue Mapping - Nexus 5600/6000 Example 121 Application CoS Queuing (Scheduling) Queue-Limit (Buffer) Queue (6q1t / 1p6q0t) Character Best Effort 0,1 BW percent 40% remaining (226kByte) qos-group 0 (default) High Volume / Less Important vMotion / Live Migration 2,3 BW percent 20% 41kByte qos-group 3 Medium Volume / Important Multimedia 4 BW percent 30% 41kByte qos-group 4 Medium Volume Very Important Strict Priority 5 BW percent 10% 20kByte (min) qos-group5 / priority Low Volume / Important / Delay Sensitive Network Control 6,7 Low Volume / Very important
Egress Queuing Configuration: Nexus5600 Example 122 Coreclass-map type queuing CM_Q_MATCH_QG3_COS2 match qos-group 3 class-map type queuing CM_Q_MATCH_QG4_COS4 match qos-group 4 class-map type queuing CM_Q_MATCH_QG5_COS5 match qos-group 5 ! policy-map type queuing PM_QUEUING_SYSTEM_OUT class type queuing CM_Q_MATCH_QG3_COS2 bandwidth percent 20 class type queuing CM_Q_MATCH_QG4_COS4 bandwidth percent 30 class type queuing CM_Q_MATCH_QG5_COS5 priority bandwidth percent 10 class type queuing class-default bandwidth percent 40
Queue-Limit (Buffer) Configuration Example 123 Corepolicy-map type network-qos PM_N-QOS_SYSTEM class type network-qos CM_N-QOS_MATCH_QG3_COS2 set cos 2 queue-limit 40960 bytes class type network-qos CM_N-QOS_MATCH_QG4_COS4 set cos 4 queue-limit 40960 bytes class type network-qos CM_N-QOS_MATCH_QG5_COS5 set cos 5 queue-limit 20480 bytes class type network-qos class-default system qos service-policy type network-qos PM_N-QOS_SYSTEM
Queuing: Nexus 2000 124 vpc peer-link vpc peer-link vpc peer-link vpc peer-link Queuing on NIF controlled by Fabric Interface INPUT policy Core Queuing on NIF (multiple no-drop queues) only available with CoS based marking on HIF
Queuing Configuration (Nexus 2000) Example 125 Coreclass-map type queuing CM_Q_MATCH_QG3_COS2 match qos-group 3 class-map type queuing CM_Q_MATCH_QG4_COS4 match qos-group 4 class-map type queuing CM_Q_MATCH_QG5_COS5 match qos-group 5 ! policy-map type queuing PM_QUEUING_SYSTEM_N2K class type queuing CM_Q_MATCH_QG3_COS2 bandwidth percent 20 class type queuing CM_Q_MATCH_QG4_COS4 bandwidth percent 30 class type queuing CM_Q_MATCH_QG5_COS5 priority bandwidth percent 10 class type queuing class-default bandwidth percent 40 Amount of Queues depend on FEX (Nexus 2000) Model
Agenda • Introduction • QoS and Queuing Basics • QoS Implementation on Nexus • Nexus 7000/7700 QoS • Nexus 5600/6000 QoS • Nexus 2000 QoS • Real World Configuration Examples • Conclusion
Conclusion
Why QoS in the Data Center? 128 Assign Color to Traffic Maximize Throughput Manage Congestion
Maximize Throughput and Manage Congestion!
Nexus 9000 QoS
Nexus 9000 Overview • Modular and fixed chassis • Optimized for high density 40G/100G • Standalone and ACI Mode • Merchant+ Strategy • Mix of Merchant and Custom Silicon
Egress VOQ buffer Ingress VOQ buffer Ingress Module Egress Module Ingress Module Ingress Module Crossbar Fabric Buffering Model Nexus 9000 compared to Nexus 7000/Nexus 5000 132 No VOQ concept – only egress shared buffers Uses both merchant silicon and custom silicon buffers Egress buffer Nexus 7000 F-Series I/O Module
Cisco Nexus 9000 QoS Features • Traffic classification ‒ DSCP, CoS, and ACL • Packet marking ‒ DSCP, CoS, and ECN • Strict Priority Queuing and DWRR ‒ DCBX 802.1Qaz • Ingress policing only • WRED, TD and ECN • Shared buffer capability • Buffer boost
Queuing on Nexus 9500 Switch Line Cards Queuing on N9K-X9600 Series Line Cards Traffic Classification Ingress Cos/DSCP Marking Trust CoS/DSCP L2/L3/L4 info with ACL Ingress Policing Fabric Module Egress Port Queues multicast span unicast MTU checking NFE Ingress Line Card Egress Line Card multicast CPU span unicast multicast CPU span unicast control System QoS System QoS
Queuing & Scheduling on Nexus 9500 Line Cards Queuing on N9K-X9500 Series Line Cards Traffic Classification Ingress Cos/DSCP Marking Trust CoS/DSCP L2/L3/L4 info with ACL Ingress Policing Fabric Module Unicast EoQs (4 per egr port) Egress Port Queues Unicast from EoQs multicast Span unicast MTU checking NFE OOBFC signaling ALE Ingress Line Card Egress Line Card multicast Control Span unicast multicas t CPU span unicast multicast CPU span unicast Non-hair- pinned local unicast traffic System QoS System QoS
Buffer Boost on x9500 cards  Line cards with ALEs can leverage the additional buffer on ALE for NFE local traffic.  When buffer boost is enabled, NFE local traffic on the port is sent to ALE for additional buffer space.  When buffer boost is disabled, NFE local traffic to the port remains local  Buffer boost is enabled by default and can be disabled on a per-port basis. North Star 4:1 Mux North Star NFE NFE Network Interface 1/10GE ALE 10 MB Buffer shared by all Ports NFE 10 MB Buffer 10 MB Buffer 1/10GE 1/10GE 1/10GE Network Interface 40GE 20 MB Buffer ALE 10 MB Buffer shared by all Ports NFE 10 MB Buffer 10 MB Buffer 40GE 40GE 40GE Fabric Modules 20 MB Buffer Buffer Boost enabled port Buffer Boost disabled port
FEX QoS Configuration Examples
policy-map type qos fex-qos class fex-qos-class-1 set dscp 10 class fex-qos-class-2 set dscp 18 class fex-qos-class-3 set dscp 26 ! interface Ethernet101/1/1 service-policy type qos input fex-qos Fex QoS Policy Configuration Example Marking policy Policy applied on ingress of FEX HIF
 Applying 8e-4q4q template to enable 4 ingress/egress queues on FEX with COS to queue mapping (also enables 4 ingress queues on F-series modules, if present) system qos service-policy type network-qos default-nq-8e-4q4q-policy  FEX output (“show queuing interface”): Queuing: queue qos-group cos priority bandwidth mtu --------+------------+--------------+---------+---------+---- ctrl-hi n/a 7 PRI 0 2400 ctrl-lo n/a 7 PRI 0 2400 2 0 0 1 WRR 30 1600 3 1 2 WRR 30 1600 4 2 5 6 WRR 10 1600 5 3 3 4 WRR 30 1600 Nexus 7000 Network-QoS Configuration Example #1 Default 8e-4q4q template applied to “system qos” target 8e4q4q configuration (4 data traffic queues)
 Applying custom 8e-4q4q-based template with new MTU policy-map type network-qos custom-nq-8e-4q4q template 8e-4q4q class type network-qos c-nq-8e-4q4q congestion-control tail-drop mtu 9216 system qos service-policy type network-qos custom-nq-8e-4q4q  FEX output (“show queuing interface”) after MTU change: Queuing: queue qos-group cos priority bandwidth mtu --------+------------+--------------+---------+---------+---- ctrl-hi n/a 7 PRI 0 2400 ctrl-lo n/a 7 PRI 0 2400 2 0 0 1 WRR 30 9280 3 1 2 WRR 30 9280 4 2 5 6 WRR 10 9280 5 3 3 4 WRR 30 9280 Nexus 7000 Network-QoS Configuration Example #2 Custom network-qos policy with new MTU Custom template applied to “system qos” target MTU increased on data traffic queues
 Changing CoS- or DSCP-to-queue mappings in parent switch F-type ingress queuing class-maps modifies mappings on FEX  Queuing class-maps modified only in default/admin VDC (apply to entire system) class-map type queuing match-any 4q1t-8e-4q4q-in-q1 match cos 1-3 match dscp 8-31 class-map type queuing match-any 4q1t-8e-4q4q-in-q-default match cos 0 match dscp 0-7 class-map type queuing match-any 4q1t-8e-4q4q-in-q3 match cos 4-5 match dscp 32-47 class-map type queuing match-any 4q1t-8e-4q4q-in-q4 match cos 6-7 match dscp 48-63 Modifying CoS- or DSCP-to-Queue Mappings Queuing: queue qos-group cos priority bandwidth mtu --------+------------+--------------+---------+---------+---- ctrl-hi n/a 7 PRI 0 2400 ctrl-lo n/a 7 PRI 0 2400 2 0 0 WRR 30 1600 3 1 6 WRR 30 1600 4 2 1 2 3 WRR 10 1600 5 3 4 5 WRR 30 1600 <…> queue DSCPs ----- ----- 02 0-7, 04 8-31, 03 48-63, 05 32-47, Non-default F-series ingress queuing class-maps (COS and DSCP match statements modified) FEX queue mappings reflect changes
 Example #1 – N2K-C2248TP-1GE fex 101 hardware N2248T queue-limit 50000  Example #2 – N2K-C2232TM-E-10GE fex 102 hardware N2232TM-E queue-limit 50000  FEX output (“show queuing interface”) before: Queue limit: Disabled  FEX output (“show queuing interface”) after (configured queue-limit rounded to nearest hardware supported value): Queue limit: 51200 bytes Enabling FEX Queue Limits
F3 Queuing Configuration Examples
Modifying Queuing and Scheduling Behaviour on F3 Modules I want to… Steps to follow …remap COS/DSCP values from one queue to another queue without activating additional queues 1. Modify the type queuing class-map(s) for the desired queue(s) …change queuing behavior without changing COS-or DSCP-to-queue mapping 1. Define new type queuing policy-map (you cannot modify the default policies) 2. Modify class-map parameters 3. Apply new policy-map to interfaces …activate additional queues and remap COS/DSCP values 1. Define new type queuing policy-map 2. Modify COS-to-queue mapping for target port type 3. Apply new policy-map to interfaces …shape the SP queue 1. (Optional) Clone the default egress queuing policy 2. Shape the SP queue in the new (cloned) policy 3. Apply the new queuing policy to the target interfaces
Modifying Queuing Behavior Remap Some COS/DSCP Values from One Queue to Another Queue without Activating Additional Queues Important: changing COS- or DSCP-to-queue mapping takes effect immediately and is disruptive to all ports Modify “type queuing” class-map(s) for desired queue(s) Remap COS- or DSCP-to-queue mapping for given queue(s)
Modifying Queuing Behavior Remap Some COS/DSCP Values from One Queue to Another Queue without Activating Additional Queues Example: remap COS 4 and DSCP 32-39 to ingress queue “q1”: n77# show class-map type queuing 8q2t-in-q1 Type queuing class-maps ======================== class-map type queuing match-any 8q2t-in-q1 Description: Classifier for ingress queue 1 of type 8q2t match cos 5-7 match dscp 40-63 n77# configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. n77(config)# ! Modify ingress queue q1 n77(config)# class-map type queuing match-any 8q2t-in-q1 n77(config-cmap-que)# ! Change COS- and DSCP-to-queue mapping for this queue n77(config-cmap-que)# match cos 4 n77(config-cmap-que)# match dscp 32-39 n77(config-cmap-que)# show class-map type queuing 8q2t-in-q1 Type queuing class-maps ======================== class-map type queuing match-any 8q2t-in-q1 Description: Classifier for ingress queue 1 of type 8q2t match cos 4-7 match dscp 32-63 n77(config-cmap-que)# Show current mapping Show new mapping Configure new mapping
Modifying Queuing Behavior Changing Default Queuing Behavior without Changing COS- or DSCP-to- Queue Define new “type queuing” policy-map for port type Create new policy Modify class-map parameters Define behavior of each queue Important: applying new queuing policy takes effect immediately and is disruptive to any ports to which the policy is applied Apply “type queuing” service-policy to interface(s) Apply new queuing policy to interface(s)
Modifying Queuing Behavior Changing Default Queuing Behavior without Changing COS- or DSCP-to- Queue Example: Resize ingress queues without modifying COS- or DSCP-to-queue mapping n77# configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. n77(config)# ! Define new "type queuing" policy n77(config)# policy-map type queuing new-f3-ingress n77(config-pmap-que)# ! Define behavior for F3 ingress q-default n77(config-pmap-que)# class type queuing 8e-4q8q-in-q-default n77(config-pmap-c-que)# ! Resize this queue n77(config-pmap-c-que)# queue-limit percent 74 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# ! Define behavior for F3 ingress queue 1 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# class type queuing 8e-4q8q-in-q1 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# ! Resize this queue n77(config-pmap-c-que)# queue-limit percent 24 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# ! Policy must include all queues (even inactive) n77(config-pmap-c-que)# class type queuing 8e-4q8q-in-q3 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# ! Must give at least 1% to inactive queues n77(config-pmap-c-que)# queue-limit percent 1 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# class type queuing 8e-4q8q-in-q4 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# queue-limit percent 1 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# interface e 2/1-48 n77(config-if-range)# ! Apply the new policy to F3 interfaces n77(config-if-range)# service-policy type queuing input new-f3-ingress n77(config-if-range)# Create new queuing policy Modify class-map parameters (resize queues) Apply policy to interface(s)
Modifying Queuing Behavior Activate Additional Queues and Remap COS/DSCP Values Important: changing COS/DSCP-to-queue mapping and takes effect immediately and is disruptive to all ports; applying new queuing policy takes effect immediately and is disruptive to any ports to which the policy is applied Define new “type queuing” policy-map for port type Create new policy Modify class-map parameters Define behavior of each queue Apply “type queuing” service-policy to interface(s) Apply new queuing policy to interface(s) Modify “type queuing” class-map(s) for desired queue(s) Remap COS- or DSCP-to-queue mapping to additional queue(s)
Example: Enable one additional ingress queue and map COS/DSCP values to all active queues n77# configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. n77(config)# ! Modify ingress queue q3 n77(config)# class-map type queuing match-any 8q2t-in-q3 n77(config-cmap-que)# ! Map COS and DSCP values to this queue n77(config-cmap-que)# match cos 3-4 n77(config-cmap-que)# match dscp 24-39 n77(config-cmap-que)# ! Define new "type queuing" policy n77(config-cmap-que)# policy-map type queuing new-f3-ingress n77(config-pmap-que)# ! Define behavior for F3 ingress q-default n77(config-pmap-que)# class type queuing 8e-4q8q-in-q-default n77(config-pmap-c-que)# ! Resize this queue n77(config-pmap-c-que)# queue-limit percent 60 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# ! Define behavior for F3 ingress queue 1 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# class type queuing 8e-4q8q-in-q1 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# ! Resize this queue n77(config-pmap-c-que)# queue-limit percent 25 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# ! Define behavior for F3 ingress queue 3 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# class type queuing 8e-4q8q-in-q3 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# ! Resize this queue n77(config-pmap-c-que)# queue-limit percent 14 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# ! Policy must include all queues (even inactive) n77(config-pmap-c-que)# class type queuing 8e-4q8q-in-q4 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# queue-limit percent 1 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# int e 2/1-48 n77(config-if-range)# ! Apply the new policy to F3 interfaces n77(config-if-range)# service-policy type queuing input new-f3-ingress Modifying Queuing Behavior Activate Additional Queues and Remap COS/DSCP Values Map COS/DSCP values to inactive queue Modify class-map parameters (resize queues) Apply policy to interface(s) Create new queuing policy
Important! • If you change the COS- or DSCP-to-queue mapping for a port type, make sure all ports of that type in all VDCs have a queuing policy applied that defines behavior for all queues with COS/DSCP values mapped • For example, if you do THIS… n77(config)# class-map type queuing match-any 8e-4q8q-in-q-default n77(config-cmap-que)# match cos 0-1 n77(config-cmap-que)# match dscp 0-15 n77(config-cmap-que)# class-map type queuing match-any 8e-4q8q-in-q4 n77(config-cmap-que)# match cos 2-4 n77(config-cmap-que)# match dscp 16-39 n77(config-cmap-que)# class-map type queuing match-any 8e-4q8q-in-q3 n77(config-cmap-que)# match cos 6-7 n77(config-cmap-que)# match dscp 48-63 n77(config-cmap-que)# class-map type queuing match-any 8e-4q8q-in-q1 n77(config-cmap-que)# match cos 5 n77(config-cmap-que)# match dscp 40-47 Changes the default COS/ DSCP-to-queue mapping
Important! • … then make sure you do THIS… n77(config)# policy-map type queuing new-f3-ingress n77(config-pmap-que)# class type queuing 8e-4q8q-in-q-default n77(config-pmap-c-que)# queue-limit percent 50 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# class type queuing 8e-4q8q-in-q1 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# queue-limit percent 20 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# class type queuing 8e-4q8q-in-q3 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# queue-limit percent 20 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# class type queuing 8e-4q8q-in-q4 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# queue-limit percent 10 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# Defines a new queuing policy that defines behavior of all queues that COS/DSCP values have been mapped to
Important! • … and then do THIS: n77(config)# int e 2/1-48 n77(config-if-range)# service-policy type queuing input new-f3-ingress n77(config-if-range)# • If you DON’T, traffic arriving on ports with default policy (i.e., without all queues activated that have COS/DSCP values mapped) will suffer – packet drops, poor performance, etc. • Of course, you can have different non-default policies on different sets of interfaces, but all interfaces in the system must use some policy that defines all activated queues! Maps the new policy to ALL interfaces in the system (do this on ALL ports in EVERY VDC!!)
Modifying Queuing Behavior Shape the SP Queue (Optional) Clone a default egress “type queuing” policy-map Create a copy of a default egress queuing policy Shape SP queue in new (cloned) “type queuing” policy Limit SP queue bandwidth consumption Apply new “type queuing” policy to target interface(s) Apply new queuing policy to interfaces Important: applying new queuing policy takes effect immediately and is disruptive to any ports to which the policy is applied
Modifying Queuing Behavior Shape the SP Queue Example: Shape the SP queue to 2Gbps on a 10G interface, using a queuing policy cloned from the default “8e4q4q” egress queuing policy n77# ! Clone the 8E egress queuing policy n77# qos copy policy-map type queuing default-8e-4q8q-out-policy prefix new- n77# conf Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. n77(config)# ! Modify new queuing policy n77(config)# policy-map type queuing new-8e-4q8q-out n77(config-pmap-que)# ! Modify egress queue q1 n77(config-pmap-que)# class type queuing 8e-4q8q-out-q1 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# ! Make this queue strict priority n77(config-pmap-c-que)# priority level 1 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# ! Shape the queue to 20% (2G on 10G port) n77(config-pmap-c-que)# shape percent 20 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# int e 2/1-48 n77(config-if-range)# ! Apply the new policy to target interfaces n77(config-if-range)# service-policy type queuing output new-8e-4q8q-out n77(config-if-range)# n77# Clone the default egress queuing policy Modify the cloned policy Make q1 Strict Priority and shape to 20% (2G) Apply new policy to target interfaces
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CCIE Routing and Switching Written Exam Version 5.0 Nexus QoS Deep Dive

  • 1. CCIE Routing and Switching Written Exam Version 5.0
  • 2. Session Objectives • Provide a refresh of QoS and Queuing Basics • Understand the basic hardware architecture for the Nexus Platforms • Provide a detailed understanding of QoS on Nexus platforms • Examine real-world configuration examples
  • 3. Session Non-Objectives • Data Center QoS Methodology • Nexus hardware architecture deep-dive • Application Centric Infrastructure (ACI) QOS
  • 4. Related Sessions Session Id Session Name BRKARC-3470 Cisco Nexus 7000/7700 Switch Architecture BRKARC-3452 Cisco Nexus 5600 and 6000 Architecture BRKDCT-1980 Advanced Analytics in Nexus Switches BRKRST-2509 Mastering Data Center QoS
  • 5. Agenda • Introduction • QoS and Queuing Basics • QoS Implementation on Nexus • Nexus 7000/7700 QoS • Nexus 5600/6000 QoS • Nexus 2000 QoS • Real World Configuration Examples • Conclusion
  • 10. Why QoS in the Data Center? 10 Assign Color to Traffic Maximize Throughput Manage Congestion Maximize Throughput and Manage Congestion!
  • 11. Agenda • Introduction • QoS and Queuing Basics • QoS Implementation on Nexus • Nexus 7000/7700 QoS • Nexus 5600/6000 QoS • Nexus 2000 QoS • Real World Configuration Examples • Conclusion
  • 12. QoS and Queuing Basics
  • 13. The QoS Toolset 13 Classification Identify and Split Traffic into Different Classes Queuing & Scheduling Prioritize, Protect and Isolate Traffic Based on Markings Marking Mark Traffic According to Behavior and Business Policies Policing Discard Misbehaving Traffic to Maintain Network Integrity Shaping Control Bursts and Conform Traffic 22nd Anniversary
  • 14. Traffic Management Tools • Classification • Traffic Categorization • Marking • Traffic Re-categorization • Policing • Limit misbehaving flows
  • 15. Classification and Marking – Two sides of a coin 15 Mad Max (1979) HTTPVoIP email Videop2p App1 vmotion mgmtlync backup Before: Uncontrolled Bandwidth VoIP/Lync Email/HTTP SAP Backup After: Controlled Bandwidth • Identify traffic • DSCP • CoS • ACLs • IP PREC • Remap Traffic • Like to Like (i.e CoS to CoS) • Like to Unlike (i.e DSCP to COS) • Needs mapping tables • Also called Mutation
  • 16. Policing – limit misbehaving traffic 16 Mad Max (1979) • Single rate Two Color Policer • Conform Action (permit) • Exceed Action (drop) Tokens Burst Limit Conforming Traffic Excess Traffic • Two rate Three Color Policer • Conform Action (permit) • Exceed Action (markdown) • Violate Action (drop)
  • 17. Congestion Management Tools • Buffering • Storing packets in memory • Queuing • Buffering packets according to traffic class • Scheduling • Order of transmission of buffered packets • Shaping • Smooth bursty traffic
  • 18. Buffering – Why do we need it? • Speed Mismatch • Client to WAN to Server 18 • Many to One Conversations • Client to Server • Server to Storage • Aggregation Points 1 GE 1 GE 1 GE 1 GE 10 GE10 GE http://www.testbells.com/400-101.html
  • 19. Scheduling – Who goes first • Defines Order of transmission • The Priority-Queue always serviced first • Normal Queues serviced only after Priority Queue empty • Different Scheduling algorithms for normal queues 19 http://www.testbells.com/400-101.html
  • 20. Common Scheduling Algorithms • Round Robin (RR) • Simple and Easy to implement • Starvation-free • Weighted Round Robin (WRR) • Serves n packets per non-empty queue • Assumes a mean packet size • Deficit Weighted Round Robin – Variable sized packets – Uses a deficit counter • Shaped Round Robin – More even distributed ordering – Weighted interleaving of flows
  • 21. 4 Class Queuing Model example Class CoS Queues Priority 5-7 PQ No-Drop 3, 4 Q2 Better than Best-Effort 2 Q1 Best-Effort 0, 1 Default-Q
  • 22. 8 Class Queuing Model Class DSCP Queues Priority CS6 (CS7) PQ Platinum EF Gold AF41 Q7 Silver CS4 Q6 No-Drop CoS3 Q5 Bronze AF21 Q4 Management CS2 Q3 Scavenger AF11 Q2 Bulk Data CS1 Q1 Best-Effort 0 Default-Q • Matches often a Campus QoS concept • No-Drop still with CoS3 (DSCP 24- 30 are “unusable”) • Valid but most complex Classification to Marking implementation as per regards to No-Drop
  • 23. Congestion Avoidance Tools • Tail Drop (TD) • Drop packets at tail of the queue • Single threshold per queue • Weighted Random Early Drop (WRED) • One or more thresholds per queue • Threshold associated with DSCP or COS
  • 24. Putting it all together! 24 Egress Port PQ1 Q2 Q3 Q-Default Scheduler DWRR Drop Threshold 4 Drop Threshold 3 Drop Threshold 2 Drop Threshold 1 Normal Queue Packet is placed in the Egress Queue according to CoS/DSCP value. 1 Normal Queues have Threshold and drop packet accordingly 4 Priority Queue always served first 2 Normal Queues served after PQ is empty according to Scheduler 3 data L2 CoS [3] L3 DSCP [24] COS Queue 5, 6, 7 PQ1 3, 4 Q3 2 Q2 0, 1 Q-Default
  • 25. Congestion could result in….. 25 Head Line Blockingof
  • 26. Head of Line Blocking What is the Problem? 26 No Congestion Red Cars blocked!
  • 27. Head of Line Blocking Solution – Create Separate Lanes but… 27 Cars turned back Stadium Full
  • 28. Head of Line Blocking Solution – Have an arbiter 28 Supermarket Not Full Stadium Full
  • 29. Head of Line Blocking What is the Problem? 29 Ingress Module Egress Module Ingress Module Egress Module Ingress Module Egress Module Crossbar Fabric buffer
  • 30. Virtual Output Queues Avoid Head of Line Blocking 30 Ingress Module Egress Module Ingress Module Egress Module Ingress Module Egress Module Crossbar Fabric Ingress VOQ
  • 31. Virtual Output Queues Avoid Head of Line Blocking 31 Ingress Module Egress Module Ingress Module Egress Module Ingress Module Egress Module Crossbar Fabric Ingress VOQ buffer
  • 32. Agenda • Introduction • QoS and Queuing Basics • QoS Implementation on Nexus • Nexus 7000/7700 QoS • Nexus 5600/6000 QoS • Nexus 2000 QoS • Real World Configuration Examples • Conclusion
  • 34. 3 Block Construct Nexus uses Modular QOS CLI (MQC) 34 What Traffic do we care about? • DSCP • CoS • IPPREC • ACLs Class-Map Where do I apply this policy? • System Wide • Vlan • Interface (in/out) • Port-channels Service-Policy What action do I take on these classes? • Policing • Marking • Scheduling Policy-Map
  • 35. New QoS Capabilities Priority Flow Control (802.1Qbb) • Enables Lossless Ethernet using per COS pause • During congestion, no-drop COS is paused • Primarily for FCoE (COS 3) 35
  • 36. New QoS Capabilities • DCBXP (802.1Qaz) • LLDP with new TLV Values • Negotiates capabilities (like PFC) with other devices • ECN (Explicit Congestion Notification) • Congestion Notification without dropping packets • Uses two LSB bits in DiffServ field in IP header 36 DiffServ Field Values 0x00 – Non ECN Capable 0x10 – ECN Capable Transport (0) 0x01 – ECN Capable Transport (1) 0x11- Congestion Encountered
  • 37. Network-QoS Policy • Should be consistent across all switches in network • Supported on F-cards on Nexus 7x00 and Nexus 5x00,6000,9000 • Applied on the system-qos target in admin (or default) vdc • Configures the following • Pause Behavior (PFC) • MTU (per VL) • Congestion Control (TD or WRED) 37 Nexus(config)# system qos Nexus(config-sys-qos)# service-policy type network- qos my_template
  • 38. Three Different Types 38 Network-QoS •Congestion-Control •Pause / MTU per VL QoS •Marking •Policing •Mutation Queuing •Buffering •Queuing •Scheduling Policy-map QoS •CoS •DSCP •PREC •ACLs Queuing •CoS •DSCP Class-map Service-policy QoS •Interfaces •Vlans •Port-channel •System-qos Queuing •Interfaces •Port-channels •System-qos Network-QoS •System-qos Network-QoS •CoS •Protocol (fcoe)
  • 39. VLAN based QoS Policy attachment • VLAN based QoS Policy is configured in VLAN Database • No SVI (aka L3 VLAN Interface) required 39 Nexus(config)# vlan configuration <vlan-id> Nexus(config-vlan)# service-policy input myPolicy Routed Port Access Port 802.1q Trunk Routed Port Access Port 802.1q Trunk VLAN VLAN QoS Polcies Service Policy applied to the VLAN Database
  • 40. Interface based QoS Policy attachment • Interface based QoS Policy takes precedence over VLAN • Can also be attached to port- channel and applies to all member- ports • No Egress QoS policies on L2 ports! 40 Nexus(config)# interface ethernet 1/1 Nexus(config-if)# service-policy input myPolicy Routed Port Access Port 802.1q Trunk Routed Port Port-channel QoS Policies Service policy applied to the switchport Service Policy applied to the Switchport … … or the Routed Port … or a port- channel
  • 41. Interface based Queuing Policy attachment • Interface based QoS Policy takes precedence over VLAN • Interface based QoS Policy is configured under the respective Interface • Queuing Policy can be attached to port-channel also 41 Nexus(config)# interface ethernet 1/1 Nexus(config-if)# service-policy input myPolicy Routed Port Access Port 802.1q Trunk Routed Port QoS Policies Service policy applied to the switchport Service Policy applied to the Switchport … … or the Routed Port … or a port- channel Port-Channel
  • 42. To Trust or Not To Trust? • Data Centre architecture provides a new set of trust boundaries • Virtual Switch extends the trust boundary into the Hypervisor • Nexus Switches always trust CoS and DSCP 42
  • 43. Agenda • Introduction • QoS and Queuing Basics • QoS Implementation on Nexus • Nexus 7000/7700 QoS • Nexus 5600/6000 QoS • Nexus 2000 QoS • Real World Configuration Examples • Conclusion
  • 45. Nexus 7000 / 7700 I/O Module Families M1 1G and 10G M2 10G / 40G / 100G F1 10G F2 10G F2E 10G F3 40G F2E 10G F3 10G / 40G / 100G
  • 46. 12 X 10G MAC / LinkSec Forwarding Engine VOQs Fabric 2 ASIC To Fabric Modules Replication Engine Replication Engine Front Panel Ports LC CPU EOBC VOQs 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 12 X 10G MAC / LinkSec Forwarding Engine VOQs Replication Engine Replication Engine VOQs 242322212019181716151413 To Central Arbiters Arbitration Aggregator … M2 I/O Module Architecture 46 BRKARC-3470 Cisco Nexus 7000 / 7700 Switch Architecture
  • 47. Ingress Module Egress ModuleCrossbar Fabric M2 I/O QoS Packet-Flow (10G) 47 Ingress VoQ-ASIC 1p3q1t 1 2 3 4 VOQ Ingress port-ASIC Ingress1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8q2t Egress port-ASIC Egress 1p7q4t 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Egress VoQ-ASIC Egress FIFO 1 Arbiter 8 3 8 1 Forwarding Engine CoS to Queue-Mapping >Policy Type “queuing” (Scheduling, Buffering) 1 Default CoS-to-Queue map: CoS [2] to Default-Q (8) 2 >Policy Type “qos” (Mutation, Classification, Marking, Policing) 3 VoQ gets assigned based on Dest + CoS value 4 Credit Grant for Fabric Access 5 Traffic gets forwarded over Fabric 6 Return Credit to Pool 8 Traffic gets Received on Egress VoQ 7 CoS to Queue-Mapping >Policy Type “queuing” (Scheduling, Buffering) 9 Default CoS-to-Queue map: CoS [2] to Default-Q (8) 10 data L2 CoS [2] L3 DSCP [24] data L2 CoS [2] L3 DSCP [24]
  • 48. Ingress Module Egress ModuleCrossbar Fabric M2 I/O QoS Packet-Flow (40G/100G) 48 Ingress VoQ-ASIC 1p3q1t 1 2 3 4 VOQ Ingress port-ASIC Ingress1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8q2t Egress port-ASIC Egress 1p7q4t 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Egress VoQ-ASIC Egress FIFO 1 Arbiter 8 3 8 1 Forwarding Engine CoS to Queue-Mapping >Policy Type “queuing” (Scheduling, Buffering) 1 Default CoS-to-Queue map: CoS [2] to Default-Q (8) 2 >Policy Type “qos” (Mutation, Classification, Marking, Policing) 3 VQI gets assigned based on 5-Tuple flow information 41 Credit Grant for Fabric Access 5 Traffic gets forwarded over Fabric 6 Return Credit to Pool 8 Traffic gets Received on Egress VoQ 7 CoS to Queue-Mapping >Policy Type “queuing” (Scheduling, Buffering) 9 Default CoS-to-Queue map: CoS [2] to Default-Q (8) 10 VoQ gets assigned based on VQI + CoS 42 data L2 CoS [2] L3 DSCP [24] data L2 CoS [2] L3 DSCP [24]
  • 49. M2 I/O Module Buffering Capacity M2 Module Ingress Queue Structure Ingress Port Buffer Ingress VOQ Buffer 24-port 10G N7K-M224XP-23L 8q2t 5.2MB / port 4.5MB / port 6-port 40G N7K-M206FQ-23L 8q2t 20.8MB / port 18MB / port 2-port 100G N7K-M202CF-22L 8q2t 62.8MB / port 54MB / port M2 Module VOQ Structure Egress VOQ Buffer (Credited) Egress VOQ Buffer (Uncredited) Egress Queue Structure Egress Port Buffer 24-port 10G N7K-M224XP-23L 1p4q 295KB / port 512KB / 6 ports 1p7q4t 5MB / port 6-port 40G N7K-M206FQ-23L 1p4q 1.2MB / port 1MB / 3 ports 1p7q4t 20.7MB / port 2-port 100G N7K-M202CF-22L 1p4q 3MB / port 1MB / port 1p7q4t 30.2MB / port Ingress Egress
  • 50. 8 X 10G SoC 1 Nexus 7700 F3 48-Port 1G/10G Module Architecture To Fabric Modules FSA CPU EOBC To Central Arbiters Arbitration Aggregator 8 X 10G SoC 2 8 X 10G SoC 3 8 X 10G SoC 4 8 X 10G SoC 5 8 X 10G SoC 6 55Gbps 6 X 110Gbps Fabric ASIC Fabric ASIC 6 X 110Gbps 55Gbps LC Inband 1G per SOC …x 6 1 Front Panel Ports (SFP/SFP+) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 LinkSec-capable to LC CPU
  • 51. Nexus 7000/ 7700 F2 48-Port 1G/10G Module Architecture 51 4 X 10G SoC Front Panel Ports To Fabric Modules Fabric 2 2 4 LC CPU EOBC To Central Arbiters Arbitration Aggregator … 4 X 10G SoC 6 8 4 X 10G SoC 10 12 4 X 10G SoC 14 16 4 X 10G SoC 18 20 4 X 10G SoC 22 24 4 X 10G SoC 26 28 4 X 10G SoC 30 32 4 X 10G SoC 34 36 4 X 10G SoC 38 40 4 X 10G SoC 42 44 4 X 10G SoC 46 48 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 LinkSec-capable (F2E fiber only) LinkSec-capable (F2E copper only)
  • 52. 2 X 40G SoC 1 Nexus 7700 24-Port 40G Module Architecture 1 Front Panel Ports (QSFP+) To Fabric Modules FSA CPU EOBC To Central Arbiters Arbitration Aggregator 2 X 40G SoC 2 2 X 40G SoC 3 2 X 40G SoC 4 2 X 40G SoC 5 2 X 40G SoC 6 2 X 40G SoC 7 2 X 40G SoC 8 2 X 40G SoC 9 2 X 40G SoC 10 2 X 40G SoC 11 2 X 40G SoC 12 55Gbps 6 X 110Gbps Fabric ASIC Fabric ASIC 6 X 110Gbps 55Gbps LC Inband 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1G switch 6 x 1G 1G per SOC… …x 12
  • 53. Nexus 7700 12-Port 100G Module Architecture Front Panel Ports (CPAK) To Fabric Modules To Central Arbiters Arbitration Aggregator 1 X 100G SoC 2 2 1 X 100G SoC 3 3 1 X 100G SoC 4 4 1 X 100G SoC 5 5 1 X 100G SoC 6 6 1 X 100G SoC 7 1 X 100G SoC 8 1 X 100G SoC 9 1 X 100G SoC 10 1 X 100G SoC 11 55Gbps 6 X 110Gbps Fabric ASIC Fabric ASIC 6 X 110Gbps 7 8 9 10 11 55Gbps 1 X 100G SoC 12 12 1 X 100G SoC 1 1 FSA CPU EOBC LC Inband 1G switch 6 x 1G 1G per SOC… …x 12
  • 54. Decision Engine Ingress Parser F3 SoC Virtual Queuing Ingress Buffer Port Logic Egress Buffer F3 SoC Architecture Egress Parser Layer 2 Lookups Layer 3 Lookups Classification Marking / Policing Front Panel Ports 8x10G 2x40G 1x100G To Central Arbiter To Local Fabric From Local Fabric
  • 55. Egress SOCIngress SOC Ingress Buffer F3 10G Buffering Model FABRIC Egress Buffer VQI 8 10G Port 1 10G Port 8 DWRR SP 10G Port 1 10G Port 8 8 priority levels 1.5MB 4 ingress queues per port Virtual Queuing 8K VOQs (1K Dest + 8 priority levels) Ingress Buffer – Manages congestion toward egress destinations Buffering / queuing INGRESS QUEUING POLICIES Egress Scheduling Central Arbiter Virtual Queuing / Egress Buffer – Receives frames from fabric; Schedules frame transmission Scheduling EGRESS QUEUING POLICIES … VQI 1 DWRR SP … 1.5MB
  • 56. Egress SOCIngress SOC Ingress Buffer F3 40G Buffering Model FABRIC Egress Buffer VQI 1 VQI 2 40G Port 1 40G Port 2 DWRR SP DWRR SP 40G Port 1 40G Port 2 8 priority levels4 ingress queues per port Virtual Queuing 8K VOQs (1K VQIs + 8 priority levels) Ingress Buffer – Manages congestion toward egress destinations (VQIs) Buffering / queuing INGRESS QUEUING POLICIES Egress Scheduling Central Arbiter Virtual Queuing / Egress Buffer – Receives frames from fabric; Schedules frame transmission Scheduling EGRESS QUEUING POLICIES 6MB 6MB
  • 57. Egress SOCIngress SOC Ingress Buffer F3 100G Buffering Model FABRIC Egress Buffer VQI 1 100G Port 1 DWRR SP 100G Port 1 8 priority levels 12MB 4 ingress queues per port Virtual Queuing 8K VOQs (1K VQIs + 8 priority levels) Ingress Buffer – Manages congestion toward egress destinations (VQIs) Buffering / queuing INGRESS QUEUING POLICIES Egress Scheduling Central Arbiter Virtual Queuing / Egress Buffer – Receives frames from fabric; Schedules frame transmission Scheduling EGRESS QUEUING POLICIES
  • 58. Decision Engine Ingress Parser CL TCAM F2E/F3 SoC Port Logic Virtual Queuing Ingress Buffer Layer 2 Lookups Layer 3 Lookups Classification Marking / Policing F2E/ F3 SoC Port Logic Egress Buffer Module 2 e2/1 Fabric ASIC Fabric Module 1 Fabric ASIC Supervisor Engine Central Arbiter Module 1 e1/1 Fabric Module 2 Fabric ASIC Fabric Module 3 Fabric ASIC Fabric Module 4 Fabric ASIC Fabric Module 5 Fabric ASIC Fabric ASIC e1/1 e2/1 e2/1 DWRRSP F2E/F3 QoS Packet Walk PKT HDR HDRPKT Req Credit Credit PKT HDR Receive packet from wire Ingress packet parsing Packet headers sent to DE Payload queued in port buffer based on COS / DSCP Buffer credit granted Check VQ drop thresholds All L2 + L3 lookups / Ingress + egress QoS classification / Ingress + egress marking and policing CL TCAM contains QoS classification rules Final lookup result: destination + priority Transmit to fabric Receive from fabric Schedule and transmit on wire Buffer on egress based on dest+ priority Queue packet descriptor in VOQ (dest + priority) Return buffer credit (dest + priority) Request buffer credit for dest + priority
  • 59. Ingress Queuing – Logical View 59 CoS 0-4 (Q-Default) CoS 5-7 (Q1) 8e Template CoS 3 (Q4) CoS 5-7 (Q1) 7e Template CoS 0,1 (Q-Default) CoS 2,4 (Q3) CoS 0-2 (Q-Default) CoS 5-7 (Q1) 6e Template CoS 4 (Q3) CoS 3 (Q4) CoS 0 (Q-Default) CoS 5-7 (Q1) 4e Template CoS 4 (Q3) CoS 1-3 (Q4) High (Pause) Threshold Low (Resume) Threshold 8e-4q4q Template CoS 3-4 (Q3) CoS 5-7 (Q1) CoS 2 (Q4) CoS 0-1 (Q-Default)
  • 60. Egress Queuing – Logical View 60 EgressPort Q2 PQ1 Q3 Q-Def default-4q-7e-out-policy Q-Def. (0,1) PQ1 (5,6,7) Q3 (2,4) Q2 (3) DWRR Priority DWRR 50% 50% EgressPort PQ2(H) PQ3(L) PQ1 Q-Def default-4q-6e-out-policy Q-Def. (0-2) PQ3 (3) PQ1 (5,6,7) PQ2. (4) DWRR PrioPrio DWRR 100% EgressPort PQ1(H) Q-Def PQ2(L) Q3 default-4q-4e-out-policy Q3 (1,2,3) Q-Def. (0) PQ2 (4) PQ1 (5,6,7) DWRR DWRR PrioPrio DWRR 100% 100% red indicates no-drop EgressPort PQ1 Q2 Q3 Q-Def DWRR default-4q-8e-out-policy Q-Def. (0,1) Q2 (3,4) Q3 (2) PQ1 (5,6,7) Priority 33%33%33% EgressPort PQ1 Q2 Q3 Q-Def DWRR default-4q4q-8e-out-policy Q-Def. (0,1) Q2 (3,4) Q3 (2) PQ1 (5,6,7) Priority 33%33%33%
  • 61. F I/O Module Buffering Capacity Module Total VOQ Buffer Per Module Ingress Queue Structure Ingress VOQ Buffer 48-port 10G F2E N77-F248XP-23E 72MB 4q1t 1.5MB / port F3 48-port 10G N77-F348XP-23 72MB 4q1t 1.5MB / port F3 24-port 40G N77-F324FQ-25 144MB 4q1t 6MB / port F3 12-port 100G N77-F312CK-26 144MB 4q1t 12MB / port Module Egress VOQ Structure Egress VOQ Buffer (Credited) Egress VOQ Buffer (Uncredited) 48-port 10G F2E N77-F248XP-23E 1p7q1t 295KB / port 256KB / 4 ports F3 48-port 10G N77-F348XP-23 1p7q1t 295KB / port 512KB / 8 ports F3 24-port 40G N77-F324FQ-25 1p7q1t 1.1MB / port 512KB / 2 ports F3 12-port 100G N77-F312CK-26 1p7q1t 2.2MB / port 512KB / 1 port Ingress Egress
  • 62. N7k# show policy-map type queuing | beg default 4q-8e policy-map type queuing default-4q-8e-in-policy class type queuing 2q4t-8e-in-q1 queue-limit percent 10 bandwidth percent 50 class type queuing 2q4t-8e-in-q-default queue-limit percent 90 bandwidth percent 50 policy-map type queuing default-4q-8e-out-policy class type queuing 1p3q1t-8e-out-pq1 priority level 1 class type queuing 1p3q1t-8e-out-q2 bandwidth remaining percent 33 class type queuing 1p3q1t-8e-out-q3 bandwidth remaining percent 33 class type queuing 1p3q1t-8e-out-q-default bandwidth remaining percent 33 Network-QoS and Default Queuing (global) • default-nq-8e-policy is default network-qos policy and attached to system qos in Admin-/Default- VDC • The system queuing policy applied by default can be overridden on a per port basis. 62 Note: show policy-map system does display similar output 2 ingress queues with buffer ratio 1:9 and DWRR wieights 1:1 4 egress queues with one priority queue and DWRR wieights 1:1:1
  • 63. CoS or DSCP to Queue Mapping • Default CoS to Queue Mapping for Nexus 7000/7700 (F- and M-Series I/O Module) • Ingress: CoS to Queue • Egress: CoS to Queue • DSCP to Queue Mapping for Nexus 7000/7700 (F- and M-Series I/O Module) • Ingress: DSCP to Queue • Egress: CoS to Queue • Global Configuration (Admin/Default VDC) required to enable DSCP to Queue Mapping: 63 N7k(config)# hardware qos dscp-to-queue ingress module type {all | f-series | m-series}
  • 64. Changing the Default Trust 64 802.1q Trunk / Access Port Ingress Queues Egress Queues routed/bridged CoS CoS q-1 q-n Note: CoS is used for egress queue selection, even if the egress interface does NOT carry CoS in the frame q-default Set CoS 0 (will only set CoS to 0) data L2 CoS [0] L3 DSCP [24] Set DSCP 0 (will set DSCP + CoS to 0) L3 DSCP [0] data L2 CoS [0] L3 DSCP [0] data L2 CoS [2] L3 DSCP [24] 802.1q Trunk
  • 65. Changing The Default Trust (M-Series I/O Module) • You can make an interface untrusted (CoS & DSCP) • CoS for bridged traffic • DSCP for routed traffic • You need two Policies • A "type queuing" policy to set the CoS to 0 • A "type qos" policy to set the DSCP to 0  Set DSCP will set the CoS value for Bridged traffic as well. 65 policy-map type queuing Reset-CoS class type queuing 8q2t-in-q-default set cos 0 bandwidth percent 100 queue-limit percent 100 ! policy-map type qos Reset-DSCP class class-default set dscp 0 ! ! Tie to an interface: interface Ethernet1/1 service-policy type queuing input Reset-CoS service-policy type qos input Reset-DSCP
  • 66. Changing The Default Trust (F-Series I/O Module) 66 qos copy policy-map type queuing default-4q-8e-in-policy prefix UNTRUSTED- ! policy-map type queuing untrusted-4q-8e-in class type queuing 2q4t-8e-in-q1 queue-limit percent 1 class type queuing 2q4t-8e-in-q-default queue-limit percent 99 set cos 0 ! policy-map type qos UNTRUSTED class class-default set dscp 0 ! ! Tie to an interface: interface Ethernet1/1 service-policy type queuing input untrusted-4q-8e-in service-policy type qos input UNTRUSTED
  • 67. Nexus 7000 QoS Golden Rules • QoS is enabled by default and cannot be disabled • CoS and DSCP are TRUSTED by default • Default Queuing and QoS policies are applied to all physical interfaces across all VDCs • For bridged traffic, CoS is preserved, DSCP is unmodified • For routed traffic, DSCP is copied to CoS (first 3 bits) • Ex: DSCP 40 (b101000) becomes CoS 5 (b101)
  • 68. Agenda • Introduction • QoS and Queuing Basics • QoS Implementation on Nexus • Nexus 7000/7700 QoS • Nexus 5600/6000 QoS • Nexus 2000 QoS • Real World Configuration Examples • Conclusion
  • 70. Cisco Nexus 5600/6000 Overview 70 High Performance High Scalability Feature-Rich Visibility and Analytics • Line rate L2 and L3 • 1-us port-to-port latency • 25-MB buffer per port ASIC • 10 GE and true 40 GE • Up to 224,000 MAC • Up to 128,000 ARP • L2 and L3 features • vPC and FabricPath • FC and FCOE • VXLAN Bridging and Routing • Line-rate SPAN • Sampled NetFlow • Micro-burst monitoring • Latency monitoring
  • 71. Egress VOQ buffer Ingress VOQ buffer Ingress Module Egress Module Ingress Module Ingress Module Crossbar Fabric Ingress Buffering Model Nexus 5600/6000 compared to Nexus 7000 F-Series I/O Module 71 Ingress VOQ buffer – Manages congestion toward egress destinations Egress VOQ buffer – Receives frames from fabric; also buffers multi-destination frames Egress VOQ buffer Ingress VOQ buffer Nexus 7000 F-Series I/O Module
  • 72. Key Concepts – Common Points • Nexus 5000/6000 & Nexus 7000 F-Series I/O Modules share the Ingress Buffer Model • Ingress buffering and queuing occur at VOQ of each ingress port • Egress scheduling enforced by egress port • No Egress QOS Policies Nexus 7000 compared to Nexus 5000/6000 QoS 72
  • 73. Cisco Nexus 5600/6000 QoS Features • Traffic classification ‒ DSCP, CoS, IP Precedence and ACL • Packet marking ‒ DSCP, CoS, and ECN • Strict Priority Queuing and DWRR ‒ Priority Flow Control ‒ DCBX 802.1Qaz • Ingress policing (No egress policing) ‒ 4096 policers per ASIC • Flexible buffer management
  • 74. Unified Ports Nexus 5672UP Architecture Overview UPC 1 24xSFP+ Fabric 6xQSFP+ CPU Supervisor UPC-0UPC 2 UPC 3 UPC 4 UPC 5 UPC 6 24xSFP+ Slot 1 Slot 2
  • 75. UPC 1 24x SFP+ Fabric 2x QSFP+ CPU Supervisor Nexus 56128PQ Internal Architecture UPC 2 UPC 3 UPC 4 UPC 5 UPC 6 24x SFP+ 2x QSFP+ * Changing the port speed on UPC5 will reload the system. Expansion Slot 2 Expansion Slot 3 Slot 1
  • 76. Packet Buffering • 25MB packet buffer is shared by every three 40 GE ports or twelve 10 GE ports. • Buffer is 16MB at ingress and 9MB at egress. • Unicast packet can be buffered at both ingress and egress. 448 Gbps 224 Gbps Ingress UPC Egress UPC UnicastVOQMulticastVOQ Unified Crossbar Fabric 16MB 9MB
  • 77. Nexus 5600 QoS Packet Walk Crossbar Fabric MAC Traffic Classification Ingress Cos/DSCP Marking Forwarding VoQs (8 per egress port) Egress Queues Trust CoS/DSCP and Match on COS/DSCP/ACL Make a forwarding decision If Buffer Usage Crosses Threshold: • Tail drop for drop class • Assert Pause for no-drop COS Strict Priority + DWRR Scheduling MAC Ingress UPC Ingress Policing WRED/ECN Marking Egress Scheduling Egress UPC Per-class Buffer Usage Monitoring Ingress Buffer Egress Buffer
  • 78. Flexible Buffer Management Ingress Buffer • Shared buffer is good for burst absorption. • Dedicated buffer is good for predictable performance for each port. • On by default, no configuration needed • Long-distance FCoE, video editing (i.e., AVID), Big Data, and distributed storage Port 1 Dedicated Port 2 Dedicated Port 3 Dedicated Shared Packet Buffer SPAN Control UPC Ingress Buffer (16MB)
  • 79. WRED/ ECN Configuration • ECN parameters are configurable only at system level. • ECN is enabled by default along with WRED • Packet Threshold below minimum – Transmit • Packet Threshold between minimum and maximum – Mark ECN bits • Packet Threshold above maximum – Drop switch(config)# hardware random-detect min-thresh 10g 10g-min-threshold 40g 40g-min- threshold max-thresh 10g 10g-max-threshold 40g 40g-max-threshold ecn qos-group qos- group-number
  • 80. Nexus 5600/6000 QoS Configuration Model • Uses QOS-Groups to tie together QoS, Queuing and Network-QoS policies • QoS-Group has no direct relation with CoS value • QoS-Groups defined (set) in policy-map type qos. • QoS-groups referenced (match) in policy type queuing and policy-map type network- qos
  • 81. Putting it all together class-map type qos class_foo match cos 3-4 policy-map type qos pm1 class type qos class_foo set qos-group 1 police cir 20 mbytes conform transmit violate drop class type qos class-default set qos-group 0 interface ethernet 1/1 service-policy type qos input pm1 class-map type queuing class-foo match qos-group 1 policy-map type queuing policy-foo class type queuing class-foo bandwidth percent 20 class type queuing class-default bandwidth percent 80 interface ethernet 1/3 service-policy type queuing input policy-foo Create class-map type qos and match on cos/dscp/acls Create policy-map type qos and set qos-group and/or add policing rule Attach policy-map type qos as input to an interface Attach policy-map queuing to interface Create policy-map type queuing and create actions Create class-map type queuing and match on qos- group
  • 82. Buffering and Scheduling Considerations • Buffering is achieved via policy-map type network-qos where queue- limit can be configured • Scheduling is configured with policy-map type queuing where priority & bandwidth for DWRR is defined • Queuing Policy can be attached in both direction, ingress and egress • Egress controls how the traffic is leaving the Switch • Ingress controls how a attached DCBX capable Device is sending • Queuing will be configured with policy-map type queuing and does NOT interfere with policy-map type qos 82 N5k# show interface ethernet 1/1 capabilities | i Model|QOS Model: N5K-C5672UP-SUP QOS scheduling: rx-(6q1t),tx-(1p6q0t)
  • 83. Buffering Capacity Traffic Type Ingress Queue Structure 10 GE Port 40 GE Port Control traffic (per port) 6q1t 64 KB 67 KB Span Traffic (per Port) 6q1t 38.4 KB 154 KB Class Default (per Port) 6q1t 100 KB 100 KB Shared Buffer 6q1t 13.2 MB 14.7 MB Traffic Type Egress Queue Structure 10 GE Port 40 GE Port Unicast 1p5q0t 363 KB 650 KB with 10GB Fabric Mode 635 KB with 40GB Fabric Mode Multicast 1p5q0t 4.3MB 6.6 MB Ingress Egress
  • 84. Nexus 5600/6000 QoS Golden Rules • ECN/WRED is enabled by default and cannot be disabled • CoS and DSCP are TRUSTED by default • Use QoS-Groups to tie policies together • No Egress QOS policies
  • 85. Agenda • Introduction • QoS and Queuing Basics • QoS Implementation on Nexus • Nexus 7000/7700 QoS • Nexus 5600/6000 QoS • Nexus 2000 QoS • Real World Configuration Examples • Conclusion
  • 87. FEX Overview • Scalable and Extensible Fabric • Single point of management • Homogeneous and consistent policies
  • 88. Cisco Nexus 2000 QoS Features • Traffic classification ‒ DSCP, CoS ‒ ACL classification (FEX offload) –only on 5600/6000 • Strict Priority Queuing and DWRR ‒ Priority Flow Control • Queue-limit Carving
  • 89. Nexus Parent FEX QoS Policies • Support for ingress port-based QoS policies on FEX HIF ports • Support for ingress/egress VLAN-based QoS policies on FEX VLANs • FEX QoS policies applied at ingress module of parent switch • No support for remarking, policing policies FEX Module /Port Module /Port FEX Ingress port- based QoS policy Ingress/egress VLAN-based QoS policy Ingress FEX Egress FEX Ingress Module Egress Module
  • 90. Nexus Parent FEX Module Module FEX Ingress queue / egress schedule based on COS 0 Ingress FEX (FEX 101) Egress FEXIngress Module Egress Module FabricPKT DSCP 0 COS 0 Ingress queue at input port based on COS 0 Egress schedule based on COS 0 Ingress queue / egress schedule based on COS 0 1Q trunk FEX QoS Packet Flow Example (CoS2Q)
  • 91. Nexus Parent FEX QoS Packet Flow Example (DSCP2Q) FEX Module Module FEX Ingress queue / egress schedule based on DSCP 0 Ingress FEX (FEX 101) Egress FEXIngress Module Egress Module Fabric Ingress queue at input port based on DSCP 0 Egress schedule based on COS 0 Ingress queue / egress schedule based on DSCP 0 PKT DSCP 0 COS 0
  • 92. Ingress QoS policy: policy-map type qos marker class ClassA set dscp cs3 ! interface ethernet 101/1/1 service-policy type qos input marker Nexus 7000 FEX QoS Packet Flow Example (With Ingress Marking Policy and DSCP- to-Queue) FEX Module Module FEX Ingress queue / egress schedule based on DSCP 0 Ingress FEX (FEX 101) Egress FEXIngress Module Egress Module FabricPKT DSCP 0 COS 0 PKT DSCP CS3 COS 3 Ingress queue at input port based on DSCP 0 Classify and remark to DSCP CS3/COS 3 at ingress Decision Engine Egress schedule based on COS 3 Ingress queue / egress schedule based on DSCP CS3
  • 93. Ingress QoS policy: policy-map type qos marker class ClassA set dscp cs3 ! interface ethernet 101/1/1 service-policy type qos input marker Nexus 7000 FEX QoS Packet Flow Example (With Ingress Marking Policy and DSCP- to-Queue) FEX Module Module FEX Ingress queue / egress schedule based on DSCP 0 Ingress FEX (FEX 101) Egress FEXIngress Module Egress Module FabricPKT DSCP 0 COS 0 PKT DSCP CS3 COS 3 Ingress queue at input port based on DSCP 0 Classify and remark to DSCP CS3/COS 3 at ingress Decision Engine Egress schedule based on COS 3 Ingress queue / egress schedule based on DSCP CS3
  • 94. FEX Policy Offload (Nexus 5600/6000 only) • TCAM resources on a FEX to perform ACL-based classification • The feature is disabled by default • By default, a FEX classifies packets on CoS value • Both system level and interface level policies are offloaded to the FEX switch# configure terminal fex chassis_ID hardware card-type qos-policy-offload
  • 95. FEX Queuing Policies • FEX queuing driven implicitly by parent switch queuing configuration • Network QoS template drives: • Number of queues • MTU • Ingress queuing class-maps drive: • BOTH ingress and egress COS/DSCP-to-queue mapping • On Nexus 7000 with FEX + M-Series parent modules, network-qos and F-series ingress queuing class-maps still drive FEX queuing configuration
  • 96. DSCP-to-Queue on FEX • Enabling DSCP-to-queue on parent switch enables DSCP-to-queue on FEX • Currently active DSCP mappings pushed to FEX when enabled • DSCP-to-queue only active in the HIF→NIF direction • NIF→HIF direction always uses COS-to-queue mapping, based on COS transmitted by parent switch to FEX
  • 97. FEX Queue-Limit • Provides FEX queue-limit configuration option • Manages buffer thresholds on FEX based on platform capabilities • Default has queue-limit disabled • Configuration applied per-VDC (on Nexus 7000/7700) • Different FEX models have different capabilities
  • 98. Nexus 2000 QoS Golden Rules • FEX QOS classification on COS or DSCP unless FEX offload enabled • FEX queuing driven implicitly by parent switch queuing configuration • No support for per-queue shaping, policing or marking • Drop thresholds are tail-drop only, no WRED support
  • 99. Agenda • Introduction • QoS and Queuing Basics • QoS Implementation on Nexus • Nexus 7000/7700 QoS • Nexus 5600/6000 QoS • Nexus 2000 QoS • Real World Configuration Examples • Conclusion
  • 101. What do we want to achieve? Company Foobar’s Business Goals 101 • Make sure no disruption in network services • Put control traffic in priority queue • Video/voice hosting also an business objective • Put voice traffic in priority queue • Dedicated bandwidth to video traffic • Flexibility in moving applications across servers • Dedicated bandwidth to vmotion/mobility • Everything else best-effort
  • 102. Translating to the language of QoS 102 Application CoS Queuing (Scheduling) Queue-Limit (Buffer) Character Best Effort 0, 1 BW remaining 50% 60% High Volume / Less Important vMotion / Live Migration 2 BW remaining 20% 10% Medium Volume / Important Multimedia 3, 4 BW remaining 30% 20% Medium Volume Very Important Strict Priority 5 Priority Queue 10% Low Volume / Important / Delay Sensitive Network Control 6,7 Low Volume / Very important
  • 103. Topology 103 vpc peer-link vpc peer-link vpc peer-link vpc peer-link Core Nexus 7000 Nexus 5000 Nexus 5000 Nexus 5000Nexus 5000 Nexus 5000Nexus 5000 Nexus 2000 Nexus 7000 Nexus 2000 Nexus 2000 Nexus 2000Nexus 2000Nexus 2000 M2 cards facing core and F2/F3 cards facing access VPC from access to aggregation Host VPC, Straight-through FEX Enhanced VPC (evPC) Straight-through FEX, No VPC
  • 104. Classification, Marking & Trust on Nexus 5000/7000 104 vpc peer-link vpc peer-link vpc peer-link vpc peer-link Between the different Tiers, all ports are TRUSTED Mark Traffic from Core (policy-map type qos) or just TRUST (default) Core Mark Traffic from Servers (policy-map type qos) or just TRUST (default)
  • 105. Classification & Marking: Nexus 7000 ip access-list ACL_QOS_LOWPRIO 10 permit … ip access-list ACL_QOS_VMOTION 10 permit … ip access-list ACL_QOS_MULTIMEDIA 10 permit … ip access-list ACL_QOS_SCRICTPRIO 10 permit … ! class-map type qos match-any CM_QOS_LOWPRIO_COS1 match access-group name ACL_QOS_LOWPRIO ! class-map type qos match-any CM_QOS_VMOTION_COS2 match access-group name ACL_QOS_VMOTION ! class-map type qos match-any CM_QOS_MULTIMEDIA_COS4 match access-group name ACL_QOS_MULTIMEDIA ! class-map type qos match-any CM_QOS_STRICTPRIO_COS5 match access-group name ACL_QOS_STRICTPRIO policy-map type qos PM_QOS_MARK_COS_IN class CM_QOS_STRICTPRIO_COS5 set cos 5 class CM_QOS_MULTIMEDIA_COS4 set cos 4 class CM_QOS_VMOTION_COS2 set cos 2 class CM_QOS_LOWPRIO_COS1 set cos 1 ! interface Ethernet1/1 service-policy type qos input PM_QOS_MARK_COS_IN ! vlan configuration 100 service-policy input PM_QOS_MARK_COS_IN 105
  • 106. Classification & Marking: Nexus 5600/6000 (1) ip access-list ACL_QOS_LOWPRIO 10 permit … ip access-list ACL_QOS_VMOTION 10 permit … ip access-list ACL_QOS_MULTIMEDIA 10 permit … ! class-map type qos match-any CM_QOS_LOWPRIO_COS1 match access-group name ACL_QOS_LOWPRIO ! class-map type qos match-any CM_QOS_VMOTION_COS2 match access-group name ACL_QOS_VMOTION ! class-map type qos match-any CM_QOS_MULTIMEDIA_COS4 match access-group name ACL_QOS_MULTIMEDIA ! class-map type qos match-any CM_QOS_STRICTPRIO_COS5 match cos 5 policy-map type qos PM_QOS_MARK_COS_IN class CM_QOS_STRICTPRIO_COS5 set qos-group 5 class CM_QOS_MULTIMEDIA_COS4 set qos-group 4 class CM_QOS_VMOTION_COS2 set qos-group 3 class CM_QOS_LOWPRIO_COS1 set qos-group 2 ! system qos service-policy type qos input PM_QOS_MARK_COS_IN 106 QoS-Group # is mapping between Slide 1 & Slide 2
  • 107. Classification & Marking: Nexus 5500/6000 (2) class-map type network-qos CM_N-QOS_MATCH_QG2_COS1 match qos-group 2 class-map type network-qos CM_N-QOS_MATCH_QG3_COS2 match qos-group 3 class-map type network-qos CM_N-QOS_MATCH_QG4_COS4 match qos-group 4 class-map type network-qos CM_N-QOS_MATCH_QG5_COS5 match qos-group 5 policy-map type network-qos PM_N-QOS_SYSTEM class type network-qos CM_N-QOS_MATCH_QG2_COS1 set cos 1 class type network-qos CM_N-QOS_MATCH_QG3_COS2 set cos 2 class type network-qos CM_N-QOS_MATCH_QG4_COS4 set cos 4 class type network-qos CM_N-QOS_MATCH_QG5_COS5 set cos 5 queue-limit 20480 bytes ! system qos service-policy type network-qos PM_N-QOS_SYSTEM 107 QoS-Group # is mapping between Slide 1 & Slide 2
  • 108. Classification & Marking (Nexus 2000) 108 vpc peer-link vpc peer-link vpc peer-link vpc peer-link Traffic Classification based on ACL happens here! Core Traffic Classification based on CoS happens here!
  • 109. Queuing (M2-cards) 109 vpc peer-link vpc peer-link vpc peer-link vpc peer-link Modify CoS to Queue mapping in Admin- /Default-VDC Assign a egress policy- map to each interface with priority, bandwidth and queue-limit to alter default queuing policy Assign ingress policy-map to each interface with bandwidth and queue-limit Core
  • 110. CoS to Queue Mapping – M2 I/O Module Example 110 Application CoS Queuing (Scheduling) Queue-Limit (Buffer) Queue (8q2t / 1p7q4t) Character Best Effort 0, 1 BW remaining 50% 60% 8q2t-in-q-default / 1p7q4t-out-q-default High Volume / Less Important vMotion / Live Migration 2 BW remaining 20% 10% 8q2t-in-q6 / 1p7q4t-out-q6 Medium Volume / Important Multimedia 3, 4 BW remaining 30% 20% 8q2t-in-q2 / 1p7q4t-out-q2 Medium Volume Very Important Strict Priority 5 Priority Queue 10% 8q2t-in-q1 / 1p7q4t-out-pq1 Low Volume / Important / Delay Sensitive Network Control 6,7 Low Volume / Very important
  • 111. CoS to Queue Mapping (on M2 cards) Exmple (Admin- / Default-VDC) 111 Core class-map type queuing match-any 8q2t-in-q1 match cos 5-7 class-map type queuing match-any 8q2t-in-q2 match cos 3-4 class-map type queuing match-any 8q2t-in-q6 match cos 2 class-map type queuing match-any 8q2t-in-q-default match cos 0-1 ! class-map type queuing match-any 1p7q4t-out-pq1 match cos 5-7 class-map type queuing match-any 1p7q4t-out-q2 match cos 3-4 class-map type queuing match-any 1p7q4t-out-q6 match cos 2 class-map type queuing match-any 1p7q4t-out-q-default match cos 0-1 Admin- VDC Admin- VDC Changes apply to ALL ports of specified type in ALL VDCs Changes are traffic disruptive for ports of specified type
  • 112. Ingress Queuing Configuration on M2 cards Example (Payload-VDC) 112 Corepolicy-map type queuing PM_QUEUE_10G-40G-100G_IN class type queuing 8q2t-in-q1 queue-limit 10 bandwidth remaining percent 10 class type queuing 8q2t-in-q2 queue-limit 20 bandwidth remaining percent 30 class type queuing 8q2t-in-q6 queue-limit 10 bandwidth remaining percent 10 class type queuing 8q2t-in-q-default queue-limit percent 50 bandwidth percent 50 ! interface Ethernet1/1 service-policy type queuing input PM_QUEUE_10G-40G-100G_IN All Policy-Map and Service-Policy are done in relevant Payload-VDC and only affect the interface to which they get applied
  • 113. Egress Queuing Configuration on M2 cards Example (Payload-VDC) 113 Corepolicy-map type queuing PM_QUEUE_10G-40G-100G_OUT class type queuing 1p7q4t-out-pq1 priority level 1 queue-limit percent 10 class type queuing 1p7q4t-out-q2 queue-limit percent 20 bandwidth remaining percent 30 class type queuing 1p7q4t-out-q6 queue-limit percent 10 bandwidth remaining percent 20 class type queuing 1p7q4t-out-q-default queue-limit percent 50 bandwidth remaining percent 40 ! interface Ethernet1/1 service-policy type queuing output PM_QUEUE_10G-40G-100G_OUT All Policy-Map and Service-Policy are done in relevant Payload-VDC and only affect the interface to which they get applied
  • 114. Network-QoS Configuration on F2/F3-Series 114 vpc peer-link vpc peer-link vpc peer-link vpc peer-link Use the network- qos policy for 8e- 4q4q i.e 4 ingress queues Core
  • 115. Network-QoS Configuration –F2/F3 cards Example (Admin- / Default-VDC) 115 Core system qos service-policy type network-qos default-nq-8e-4q4q-policy policy-map type network-qos default-nq-8e-4q4q-policy template 8e-4q4q class type network-qos c-nq-8e-4q4q match cos 0-7 congestion-control tail-drop mtu 1500 Admin- VDC Admin- VDC Changes apply to ALL ports of specified type in ALL VDCs Changes are traffic disruptive for ports of specified type
  • 116. Queuing (F2/F3 cards) 116 vpc peer-link vpc peer-link vpc peer-link vpc peer-link Modify CoS to Queue mapping in Admin- /Default-VDC Assign a ingress policy-map for buffer allocation, no ingress scheduling Core Assign a egress policy-map to each interface with priority, bandwidth and queue-limit to alter default queuing policy
  • 117. CoS to Queue Mapping – F2/F3 I/O Module Example 117 Application CoS Queuing (Scheduling)- egress Queue-Limit (Buffer)-ingress Queue (Ingress/Egress) Character Best Effort 0,1 BW remaining 50% 50% 4q1t-8e-4q4q-in-q-default / 1p3q1t-8e-4q4q-out-q-default High Volume / Less Important vMotion / Live Migration 2 BW remaining 20% 10% 4q1t-8e-4q4q-in-q4 / 1p3q1t-8e-4q4q-out-q3 Medium Volume / Important Multimedia 3, 4 BW remaining 30% 30% 4q1t-8e-4q4q-in-q3 / 1p3q1t-8e-4q4q-out-q2 Medium Volume Very Important Strict Priority 5 Priority Queue 10% 4q1t-8e-4q4q-in-q1 / 1p3q1t-8e-4q4q-out-pq1 Low Volume / Important / Delay Sensitive Network Control 6/7 Low Volume / Very important
  • 118. CoS to Queue Configuration –F2/F3 slides Example (Admin- / Default-VDC) 118 Core class-map type queuing match-any 4q1t-8e-4q4q-in-q1 match cos 5-7 class-map type queuing match-any 4q1t-8e-4q4q-in-q-default match cos 0-1 class-map type queuing match-any 4q1t-8e-4q4q-in-q3 match cos 3-4 class-map type queuing match-any 4q1t-8e-4q4q-in-q4 match cos 2 class-map type queuing match-any 1p3q1t-8e-4q4q-out-pq1 match cos 5-7 class-map type queuing match-any 1p3q1t-8e-4q4q-out-q2 match cos 3-4 class-map type queuing match-any 1p3q1t-8e-4q4q-out-q3 match cos 2 class-map type queuing match-any 1p3q1t-8e-4q4q-out-q-default match cos 0-1 Admin- VDC Admin- VDC Changes apply to ALL ports of specified type in ALL VDCs Changes are traffic disruptive for ports of specified type
  • 119. Ingress Queuing Configuration for F2/F3 cards Example (Payload-VDC) 119 Coreqos copy policy-map type queuing default-8e-4q4q-in-policy prefix Custom- policy-map type queuing Custom-8e-4q4q-in class type queuing 4q1t-8e-4q4q-in-q1 queue-limit percent 10 bandwidth percent 25 class type queuing 4q1t-8e-4q4q-in-q-default queue-limit percent 50 bandwidth percent 25 class type queuing 4q1t-8e-4q4q-in-q3 queue-limit percent 30 bandwidth percent 25 class type queuing 4q1t-8e-4q4q-in-q4 queue-limit percent 10 bandwidth percent 25 interface Ethernet1/1 service-policy type queuing input Custom-8e-4q4q-in All Policy-Map and Service-Policy are done in relevant Payload-VDC and only affect the interface to which they get applied
  • 120. Egress Queuing Configuration for F2/F3 cards Example (Payload-VDC) 120 Core qos copy policy-map type queuing default-8e-4q4q-out-policy prefix Custom- policy-map type queuing Custom-8e-4q4q-out class type queuing 1p3q1t-8e-4q4q-out-pq1 priority level 1 class type queuing 1p3q1t-8e-4q4q-out-q2 bandwidth remaining percent 30 class type queuing 1p3q1t-8e-4q4q-out-q3 bandwidth remaining percent 20 class type queuing 1p3q1t-8e-4q4q-out-q-default bandwidth remaining percent 50 ! interface Ethernet1/1 service-policy type queuing output Custom-8e-4q4q-out All Policy-Map and Service-Policy are done in relevant Payload-VDC and only affect the interface to which they get applied
  • 121. CoS to Queue Mapping - Nexus 5600/6000 Example 121 Application CoS Queuing (Scheduling) Queue-Limit (Buffer) Queue (6q1t / 1p6q0t) Character Best Effort 0,1 BW percent 40% remaining (226kByte) qos-group 0 (default) High Volume / Less Important vMotion / Live Migration 2,3 BW percent 20% 41kByte qos-group 3 Medium Volume / Important Multimedia 4 BW percent 30% 41kByte qos-group 4 Medium Volume Very Important Strict Priority 5 BW percent 10% 20kByte (min) qos-group5 / priority Low Volume / Important / Delay Sensitive Network Control 6,7 Low Volume / Very important
  • 122. Egress Queuing Configuration: Nexus5600 Example 122 Coreclass-map type queuing CM_Q_MATCH_QG3_COS2 match qos-group 3 class-map type queuing CM_Q_MATCH_QG4_COS4 match qos-group 4 class-map type queuing CM_Q_MATCH_QG5_COS5 match qos-group 5 ! policy-map type queuing PM_QUEUING_SYSTEM_OUT class type queuing CM_Q_MATCH_QG3_COS2 bandwidth percent 20 class type queuing CM_Q_MATCH_QG4_COS4 bandwidth percent 30 class type queuing CM_Q_MATCH_QG5_COS5 priority bandwidth percent 10 class type queuing class-default bandwidth percent 40
  • 123. Queue-Limit (Buffer) Configuration Example 123 Corepolicy-map type network-qos PM_N-QOS_SYSTEM class type network-qos CM_N-QOS_MATCH_QG3_COS2 set cos 2 queue-limit 40960 bytes class type network-qos CM_N-QOS_MATCH_QG4_COS4 set cos 4 queue-limit 40960 bytes class type network-qos CM_N-QOS_MATCH_QG5_COS5 set cos 5 queue-limit 20480 bytes class type network-qos class-default system qos service-policy type network-qos PM_N-QOS_SYSTEM
  • 124. Queuing: Nexus 2000 124 vpc peer-link vpc peer-link vpc peer-link vpc peer-link Queuing on NIF controlled by Fabric Interface INPUT policy Core Queuing on NIF (multiple no-drop queues) only available with CoS based marking on HIF
  • 125. Queuing Configuration (Nexus 2000) Example 125 Coreclass-map type queuing CM_Q_MATCH_QG3_COS2 match qos-group 3 class-map type queuing CM_Q_MATCH_QG4_COS4 match qos-group 4 class-map type queuing CM_Q_MATCH_QG5_COS5 match qos-group 5 ! policy-map type queuing PM_QUEUING_SYSTEM_N2K class type queuing CM_Q_MATCH_QG3_COS2 bandwidth percent 20 class type queuing CM_Q_MATCH_QG4_COS4 bandwidth percent 30 class type queuing CM_Q_MATCH_QG5_COS5 priority bandwidth percent 10 class type queuing class-default bandwidth percent 40 Amount of Queues depend on FEX (Nexus 2000) Model
  • 126. Agenda • Introduction • QoS and Queuing Basics • QoS Implementation on Nexus • Nexus 7000/7700 QoS • Nexus 5600/6000 QoS • Nexus 2000 QoS • Real World Configuration Examples • Conclusion
  • 128. Why QoS in the Data Center? 128 Assign Color to Traffic Maximize Throughput Manage Congestion
  • 129. Maximize Throughput and Manage Congestion!
  • 131. Nexus 9000 Overview • Modular and fixed chassis • Optimized for high density 40G/100G • Standalone and ACI Mode • Merchant+ Strategy • Mix of Merchant and Custom Silicon
  • 132. Egress VOQ buffer Ingress VOQ buffer Ingress Module Egress Module Ingress Module Ingress Module Crossbar Fabric Buffering Model Nexus 9000 compared to Nexus 7000/Nexus 5000 132 No VOQ concept – only egress shared buffers Uses both merchant silicon and custom silicon buffers Egress buffer Nexus 7000 F-Series I/O Module
  • 133. Cisco Nexus 9000 QoS Features • Traffic classification ‒ DSCP, CoS, and ACL • Packet marking ‒ DSCP, CoS, and ECN • Strict Priority Queuing and DWRR ‒ DCBX 802.1Qaz • Ingress policing only • WRED, TD and ECN • Shared buffer capability • Buffer boost
  • 134. Queuing on Nexus 9500 Switch Line Cards Queuing on N9K-X9600 Series Line Cards Traffic Classification Ingress Cos/DSCP Marking Trust CoS/DSCP L2/L3/L4 info with ACL Ingress Policing Fabric Module Egress Port Queues multicast span unicast MTU checking NFE Ingress Line Card Egress Line Card multicast CPU span unicast multicast CPU span unicast control System QoS System QoS
  • 135. Queuing & Scheduling on Nexus 9500 Line Cards Queuing on N9K-X9500 Series Line Cards Traffic Classification Ingress Cos/DSCP Marking Trust CoS/DSCP L2/L3/L4 info with ACL Ingress Policing Fabric Module Unicast EoQs (4 per egr port) Egress Port Queues Unicast from EoQs multicast Span unicast MTU checking NFE OOBFC signaling ALE Ingress Line Card Egress Line Card multicast Control Span unicast multicas t CPU span unicast multicast CPU span unicast Non-hair- pinned local unicast traffic System QoS System QoS
  • 136. Buffer Boost on x9500 cards  Line cards with ALEs can leverage the additional buffer on ALE for NFE local traffic.  When buffer boost is enabled, NFE local traffic on the port is sent to ALE for additional buffer space.  When buffer boost is disabled, NFE local traffic to the port remains local  Buffer boost is enabled by default and can be disabled on a per-port basis. North Star 4:1 Mux North Star NFE NFE Network Interface 1/10GE ALE 10 MB Buffer shared by all Ports NFE 10 MB Buffer 10 MB Buffer 1/10GE 1/10GE 1/10GE Network Interface 40GE 20 MB Buffer ALE 10 MB Buffer shared by all Ports NFE 10 MB Buffer 10 MB Buffer 40GE 40GE 40GE Fabric Modules 20 MB Buffer Buffer Boost enabled port Buffer Boost disabled port
  • 138. policy-map type qos fex-qos class fex-qos-class-1 set dscp 10 class fex-qos-class-2 set dscp 18 class fex-qos-class-3 set dscp 26 ! interface Ethernet101/1/1 service-policy type qos input fex-qos Fex QoS Policy Configuration Example Marking policy Policy applied on ingress of FEX HIF
  • 139.  Applying 8e-4q4q template to enable 4 ingress/egress queues on FEX with COS to queue mapping (also enables 4 ingress queues on F-series modules, if present) system qos service-policy type network-qos default-nq-8e-4q4q-policy  FEX output (“show queuing interface”): Queuing: queue qos-group cos priority bandwidth mtu --------+------------+--------------+---------+---------+---- ctrl-hi n/a 7 PRI 0 2400 ctrl-lo n/a 7 PRI 0 2400 2 0 0 1 WRR 30 1600 3 1 2 WRR 30 1600 4 2 5 6 WRR 10 1600 5 3 3 4 WRR 30 1600 Nexus 7000 Network-QoS Configuration Example #1 Default 8e-4q4q template applied to “system qos” target 8e4q4q configuration (4 data traffic queues)
  • 140.  Applying custom 8e-4q4q-based template with new MTU policy-map type network-qos custom-nq-8e-4q4q template 8e-4q4q class type network-qos c-nq-8e-4q4q congestion-control tail-drop mtu 9216 system qos service-policy type network-qos custom-nq-8e-4q4q  FEX output (“show queuing interface”) after MTU change: Queuing: queue qos-group cos priority bandwidth mtu --------+------------+--------------+---------+---------+---- ctrl-hi n/a 7 PRI 0 2400 ctrl-lo n/a 7 PRI 0 2400 2 0 0 1 WRR 30 9280 3 1 2 WRR 30 9280 4 2 5 6 WRR 10 9280 5 3 3 4 WRR 30 9280 Nexus 7000 Network-QoS Configuration Example #2 Custom network-qos policy with new MTU Custom template applied to “system qos” target MTU increased on data traffic queues
  • 141.  Changing CoS- or DSCP-to-queue mappings in parent switch F-type ingress queuing class-maps modifies mappings on FEX  Queuing class-maps modified only in default/admin VDC (apply to entire system) class-map type queuing match-any 4q1t-8e-4q4q-in-q1 match cos 1-3 match dscp 8-31 class-map type queuing match-any 4q1t-8e-4q4q-in-q-default match cos 0 match dscp 0-7 class-map type queuing match-any 4q1t-8e-4q4q-in-q3 match cos 4-5 match dscp 32-47 class-map type queuing match-any 4q1t-8e-4q4q-in-q4 match cos 6-7 match dscp 48-63 Modifying CoS- or DSCP-to-Queue Mappings Queuing: queue qos-group cos priority bandwidth mtu --------+------------+--------------+---------+---------+---- ctrl-hi n/a 7 PRI 0 2400 ctrl-lo n/a 7 PRI 0 2400 2 0 0 WRR 30 1600 3 1 6 WRR 30 1600 4 2 1 2 3 WRR 10 1600 5 3 4 5 WRR 30 1600 <…> queue DSCPs ----- ----- 02 0-7, 04 8-31, 03 48-63, 05 32-47, Non-default F-series ingress queuing class-maps (COS and DSCP match statements modified) FEX queue mappings reflect changes
  • 142.  Example #1 – N2K-C2248TP-1GE fex 101 hardware N2248T queue-limit 50000  Example #2 – N2K-C2232TM-E-10GE fex 102 hardware N2232TM-E queue-limit 50000  FEX output (“show queuing interface”) before: Queue limit: Disabled  FEX output (“show queuing interface”) after (configured queue-limit rounded to nearest hardware supported value): Queue limit: 51200 bytes Enabling FEX Queue Limits
  • 144. Modifying Queuing and Scheduling Behaviour on F3 Modules I want to… Steps to follow …remap COS/DSCP values from one queue to another queue without activating additional queues 1. Modify the type queuing class-map(s) for the desired queue(s) …change queuing behavior without changing COS-or DSCP-to-queue mapping 1. Define new type queuing policy-map (you cannot modify the default policies) 2. Modify class-map parameters 3. Apply new policy-map to interfaces …activate additional queues and remap COS/DSCP values 1. Define new type queuing policy-map 2. Modify COS-to-queue mapping for target port type 3. Apply new policy-map to interfaces …shape the SP queue 1. (Optional) Clone the default egress queuing policy 2. Shape the SP queue in the new (cloned) policy 3. Apply the new queuing policy to the target interfaces
  • 145. Modifying Queuing Behavior Remap Some COS/DSCP Values from One Queue to Another Queue without Activating Additional Queues Important: changing COS- or DSCP-to-queue mapping takes effect immediately and is disruptive to all ports Modify “type queuing” class-map(s) for desired queue(s) Remap COS- or DSCP-to-queue mapping for given queue(s)
  • 146. Modifying Queuing Behavior Remap Some COS/DSCP Values from One Queue to Another Queue without Activating Additional Queues Example: remap COS 4 and DSCP 32-39 to ingress queue “q1”: n77# show class-map type queuing 8q2t-in-q1 Type queuing class-maps ======================== class-map type queuing match-any 8q2t-in-q1 Description: Classifier for ingress queue 1 of type 8q2t match cos 5-7 match dscp 40-63 n77# configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. n77(config)# ! Modify ingress queue q1 n77(config)# class-map type queuing match-any 8q2t-in-q1 n77(config-cmap-que)# ! Change COS- and DSCP-to-queue mapping for this queue n77(config-cmap-que)# match cos 4 n77(config-cmap-que)# match dscp 32-39 n77(config-cmap-que)# show class-map type queuing 8q2t-in-q1 Type queuing class-maps ======================== class-map type queuing match-any 8q2t-in-q1 Description: Classifier for ingress queue 1 of type 8q2t match cos 4-7 match dscp 32-63 n77(config-cmap-que)# Show current mapping Show new mapping Configure new mapping
  • 147. Modifying Queuing Behavior Changing Default Queuing Behavior without Changing COS- or DSCP-to- Queue Define new “type queuing” policy-map for port type Create new policy Modify class-map parameters Define behavior of each queue Important: applying new queuing policy takes effect immediately and is disruptive to any ports to which the policy is applied Apply “type queuing” service-policy to interface(s) Apply new queuing policy to interface(s)
  • 148. Modifying Queuing Behavior Changing Default Queuing Behavior without Changing COS- or DSCP-to- Queue Example: Resize ingress queues without modifying COS- or DSCP-to-queue mapping n77# configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. n77(config)# ! Define new "type queuing" policy n77(config)# policy-map type queuing new-f3-ingress n77(config-pmap-que)# ! Define behavior for F3 ingress q-default n77(config-pmap-que)# class type queuing 8e-4q8q-in-q-default n77(config-pmap-c-que)# ! Resize this queue n77(config-pmap-c-que)# queue-limit percent 74 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# ! Define behavior for F3 ingress queue 1 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# class type queuing 8e-4q8q-in-q1 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# ! Resize this queue n77(config-pmap-c-que)# queue-limit percent 24 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# ! Policy must include all queues (even inactive) n77(config-pmap-c-que)# class type queuing 8e-4q8q-in-q3 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# ! Must give at least 1% to inactive queues n77(config-pmap-c-que)# queue-limit percent 1 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# class type queuing 8e-4q8q-in-q4 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# queue-limit percent 1 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# interface e 2/1-48 n77(config-if-range)# ! Apply the new policy to F3 interfaces n77(config-if-range)# service-policy type queuing input new-f3-ingress n77(config-if-range)# Create new queuing policy Modify class-map parameters (resize queues) Apply policy to interface(s)
  • 149. Modifying Queuing Behavior Activate Additional Queues and Remap COS/DSCP Values Important: changing COS/DSCP-to-queue mapping and takes effect immediately and is disruptive to all ports; applying new queuing policy takes effect immediately and is disruptive to any ports to which the policy is applied Define new “type queuing” policy-map for port type Create new policy Modify class-map parameters Define behavior of each queue Apply “type queuing” service-policy to interface(s) Apply new queuing policy to interface(s) Modify “type queuing” class-map(s) for desired queue(s) Remap COS- or DSCP-to-queue mapping to additional queue(s)
  • 150. Example: Enable one additional ingress queue and map COS/DSCP values to all active queues n77# configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. n77(config)# ! Modify ingress queue q3 n77(config)# class-map type queuing match-any 8q2t-in-q3 n77(config-cmap-que)# ! Map COS and DSCP values to this queue n77(config-cmap-que)# match cos 3-4 n77(config-cmap-que)# match dscp 24-39 n77(config-cmap-que)# ! Define new "type queuing" policy n77(config-cmap-que)# policy-map type queuing new-f3-ingress n77(config-pmap-que)# ! Define behavior for F3 ingress q-default n77(config-pmap-que)# class type queuing 8e-4q8q-in-q-default n77(config-pmap-c-que)# ! Resize this queue n77(config-pmap-c-que)# queue-limit percent 60 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# ! Define behavior for F3 ingress queue 1 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# class type queuing 8e-4q8q-in-q1 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# ! Resize this queue n77(config-pmap-c-que)# queue-limit percent 25 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# ! Define behavior for F3 ingress queue 3 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# class type queuing 8e-4q8q-in-q3 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# ! Resize this queue n77(config-pmap-c-que)# queue-limit percent 14 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# ! Policy must include all queues (even inactive) n77(config-pmap-c-que)# class type queuing 8e-4q8q-in-q4 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# queue-limit percent 1 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# int e 2/1-48 n77(config-if-range)# ! Apply the new policy to F3 interfaces n77(config-if-range)# service-policy type queuing input new-f3-ingress Modifying Queuing Behavior Activate Additional Queues and Remap COS/DSCP Values Map COS/DSCP values to inactive queue Modify class-map parameters (resize queues) Apply policy to interface(s) Create new queuing policy
  • 151. Important! • If you change the COS- or DSCP-to-queue mapping for a port type, make sure all ports of that type in all VDCs have a queuing policy applied that defines behavior for all queues with COS/DSCP values mapped • For example, if you do THIS… n77(config)# class-map type queuing match-any 8e-4q8q-in-q-default n77(config-cmap-que)# match cos 0-1 n77(config-cmap-que)# match dscp 0-15 n77(config-cmap-que)# class-map type queuing match-any 8e-4q8q-in-q4 n77(config-cmap-que)# match cos 2-4 n77(config-cmap-que)# match dscp 16-39 n77(config-cmap-que)# class-map type queuing match-any 8e-4q8q-in-q3 n77(config-cmap-que)# match cos 6-7 n77(config-cmap-que)# match dscp 48-63 n77(config-cmap-que)# class-map type queuing match-any 8e-4q8q-in-q1 n77(config-cmap-que)# match cos 5 n77(config-cmap-que)# match dscp 40-47 Changes the default COS/ DSCP-to-queue mapping
  • 152. Important! • … then make sure you do THIS… n77(config)# policy-map type queuing new-f3-ingress n77(config-pmap-que)# class type queuing 8e-4q8q-in-q-default n77(config-pmap-c-que)# queue-limit percent 50 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# class type queuing 8e-4q8q-in-q1 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# queue-limit percent 20 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# class type queuing 8e-4q8q-in-q3 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# queue-limit percent 20 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# class type queuing 8e-4q8q-in-q4 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# queue-limit percent 10 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# Defines a new queuing policy that defines behavior of all queues that COS/DSCP values have been mapped to
  • 153. Important! • … and then do THIS: n77(config)# int e 2/1-48 n77(config-if-range)# service-policy type queuing input new-f3-ingress n77(config-if-range)# • If you DON’T, traffic arriving on ports with default policy (i.e., without all queues activated that have COS/DSCP values mapped) will suffer – packet drops, poor performance, etc. • Of course, you can have different non-default policies on different sets of interfaces, but all interfaces in the system must use some policy that defines all activated queues! Maps the new policy to ALL interfaces in the system (do this on ALL ports in EVERY VDC!!)
  • 154. Modifying Queuing Behavior Shape the SP Queue (Optional) Clone a default egress “type queuing” policy-map Create a copy of a default egress queuing policy Shape SP queue in new (cloned) “type queuing” policy Limit SP queue bandwidth consumption Apply new “type queuing” policy to target interface(s) Apply new queuing policy to interfaces Important: applying new queuing policy takes effect immediately and is disruptive to any ports to which the policy is applied
  • 155. Modifying Queuing Behavior Shape the SP Queue Example: Shape the SP queue to 2Gbps on a 10G interface, using a queuing policy cloned from the default “8e4q4q” egress queuing policy n77# ! Clone the 8E egress queuing policy n77# qos copy policy-map type queuing default-8e-4q8q-out-policy prefix new- n77# conf Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. n77(config)# ! Modify new queuing policy n77(config)# policy-map type queuing new-8e-4q8q-out n77(config-pmap-que)# ! Modify egress queue q1 n77(config-pmap-que)# class type queuing 8e-4q8q-out-q1 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# ! Make this queue strict priority n77(config-pmap-c-que)# priority level 1 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# ! Shape the queue to 20% (2G on 10G port) n77(config-pmap-c-que)# shape percent 20 n77(config-pmap-c-que)# int e 2/1-48 n77(config-if-range)# ! Apply the new policy to target interfaces n77(config-if-range)# service-policy type queuing output new-8e-4q8q-out n77(config-if-range)# n77# Clone the default egress queuing policy Modify the cloned policy Make q1 Strict Priority and shape to 20% (2G) Apply new policy to target interfaces
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