The document discusses guidelines for cervical cancer screening. It recommends that women between ages 21-29 receive Pap smears alone every 3 years, and women between ages 30-65 receive either Pap smears every 3 years, HPV testing every 5 years, or both tests together every 5 years. Screening is not recommended for women under 21 or over 65, as the risk of cervical cancer is lower in these age groups. The screening process involves collecting cervical cells using a small brush that are then viewed under a microscope. Risk factors for cervical cancer include HPV infection, having many children, smoking, oral contraceptive use, and a weakened immune system. Self-collection of cervical cells for HPV testing can help increase screening in areas with limited healthcare

1. Respond to each student with 200 words and include a
Respond to each student with 200 words and include a questionSophia Niemi:Cervical
CancerWomen start routinely getting Pap smear (also called Pap test) when they turn 21 as
a screening device for cervical cancer. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends
no screening for females under the age of 21, cytology alone for females ages 21 to 29, and
cytology every three years, hrHPV testing every 5 years or cotesting of both every 5 years
for females between the ages of 30 and 65. However, women who are at high risk of the
disease do not fall under these guidelines and instead must receive more intensive
screening. A pap smear involves using a small brush to collect cells around and on the
cervix, then viewing under a microscope to find out if they look abnormal. Risk factors for
cervical cancer are HPV infections, giving birth to many children, smoking cigarettes, using
oral contraceptives, and having a weakened immune system. For areas of diminished health
care access, self collection of cervical cells for HPV testing can increase engagement in
cervical cancer screening protocols. A study in Guatemala provided access to alternative
programs like self collection and emphasized the need for improved interventions of
cervical cancer for women in undeserved populations. Catherine Klutse:The U.S. Preventive
Services Task Force (USPSTF) have in place cervical cancer screening guideline to detect
and treat begin tumor in the cervix. Those guidelines exclude women under the age of
twenty-one, as well as those older than sixty-five. It is believed that the risk of developing
cervical cancer is low hence performing a screening is not beneficially to those groups ages.
Individuals at high risk of cervical cancer such as the immunocompromised, those expose to
diethylstilbestrol, diagnosed with precancerous cervical lesion as well as those that have a
hysterectomy with a removal of their cervix are also not included in the guideline.It is
recommended to women between the age of twenty-one and twenty-nine to get a cytology
screening ( Pap smear) every three years while .Women between the age of thirty and sixty-
five are recommended to get either a cytology every three years, primary HPV testing every
five years or co-testing every five years.