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1. How Neuronavigators Changed Our Traditional Surgeries Discussion
Please let me know if you need anything to be changed or added I will be happy to carry any
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will be here if you need any further helpNumber of words: 2782Breakdowns of tasksHow
neuronavigators changed our traditional surgeriesIntroductionTraditional clinical surgical
procedures and operationsImportance and significance of neuronavigationMethods and
technologies used in surgical proceduresDifferent types of tumors and their
locationComparison between navigation systems used todayLimitations of
neuronavigatorsConclusionNumber of pages:ReferencesCheong, David, and G. Douglas
Letson. “Computer-assisted navigation and musculoskeletalsarcoma surgery.” Cancer
Control 18, no. 3 (2011): 171-176.Gerard, Ian J., Marta Kersten-Oertel, Kevin Petrecca, Denis
Sirhan, Jeffery A. Hall, and D.Louis Collins. “Brain shift in neuronavigation of brain tumors: A
review.” Medicalimage analysis 35 (2017): 403-420.Leavens, Milam E. “BRAIN TUMORS.”
The American journal of nursing 64 (1964): 78.Orringer, Daniel A., Alexandra Golby, and
Ferenc Jolesz. “Neuronavigation in the surgicalmanagement of brain tumors: current and
future trends.” Expert review of medicaldevices 9, no. 5 (2012): 491-500.Malham, Gregory
M., and Thomas Wells-Quinn. “What should my hospital buy next?—Guidelines for the
acquisition and application of imaging, navigation, and robotics forspine surgery.” Journal of
Spine Surgery 5, no. 1 (2019): 155.Penfield, Wilder, and Roger Sperry. “NEUROSURGERY
AND CLINICAL TALES.” AHistory of the Brain: From Stone Age surgery to modern
neuroscience (2014): 317.Penfield, Wilder, and Roger Sperry. “NEUROSURGERY AND
CLINICAL TALES.” AHistory of the Brain: From Stone Age surgery to modern neuroscience
(2014): 317.Malham, Gregory M., and Thomas Wells-Quinn. “What should my hospital buy
next?—Guidelines for the acquisition and application of imaging, navigation, and robotics
forspine surgery.” Journal of Spine Surgery 5, no. 1 (2019): 155.Powell, Michael.
“Neurosurgery.” Bmj 318, no. 7175 (1999): 35-38.CHICAGOHow neuronavigators changed
our traditional surgeriesName:Course:Professor:Date:Last Name 2How neuronavigators
changed our traditional surgeriesIntroductionOver the years, the field of medicine has been
changing. The changes witnessed todayrevolve around the use of advanced technologies in
resolving problems affecting the generalpopulation. Sometimes, doctors have used diverse
treatment methods to overcome diseases.However, the globe has witnessed a rise in new
diseases such as cancer and tumors. Tumourshave been in existence for an extended period
condition like cancer, have been on the riseover the past few decades. These conditions
have influenced the ways doctors approachmedical procedures. Sometimes, patients may

2. need surgeries. The intention of performingsuch surgical operations is to reduce the health
risks associated with the underlying patients.One of the significant issues which have been
witnessed over time as far as surgeriesare concerned is the increased occurrence of
additional complications. Sometimes, medicinesmay fail to resolve a given condition. Such
situations may result in more complications andthe worst case, the death of the affected
patients. Technology has enabled medicalpractitioners to create a reliable platform for the
achievement of the desired patient healthoutcomes1.Advancements seen in the surgical
fields as far as the use of computers has allowedmedical practitioners to guarantee better
outcomes. The past literature argues thatneuronavigation plays a crucial role in the
improvement of the level of health which surgerypatient exhibit after their operations. With
the witnessed success, numerous studies havehighlighted some of the weaknesses which
such technologies bring2. One of the mainweaknesses which are associated with the
technologies includes the idea that neuronavigationmay not always be reliable in
performing surgeries. Also, neuronavigation cannot be usedsolely in the treatment of
diverse conditions. Therefore, in the diagnosis of various diseases,doctors are required to
use additional tools and techniques together with neuronavigation toproduce precise
outcomes3.1. Malham, Gregory M., and Thomas Wells-Quinn. “What should my hospital buy
next?—Guidelines for theacquisition and application of imaging, navigation, and robotics for
spine surgery.” Journal of Spine Surgery 5,no. 1 (2019): 155.2Penfield, Wilder, and Roger
Sperry. “NEUROSURGERY AND CLINICAL TALES.” A History of the Brain: FromStone Age
surgery to modern neuroscience (2014): 317.3Last Name 3Traditionally, ancient methods
and techniques used in surgical procedures. However,the effectiveness of these procedures
was not guaranteed4. This conclusion based on the idea,some of the surgeries revolved
around making openings on the affected body parts.Sometimes, such surgical procedures
would result in additional infections and henceundermining the safety as well as the health
of the concerned patients. Further, with limitedtechnical assistance, surgeons relied heavily
on the knowledge gained in performingoperations. Such procedures are driven by increased
risks such as the death of the patients,among others5. However, with the introduction of
diverse technologies, surgeons can performoperations on a patient efficiently with minimal
risks. Various techniques have been createdand presented over time to facilitate surgical
procedures carried out on different parts of thebody.Traditional clinical, surgical
procedures and operationsClinical, surgical procedures can be dated back to prehistoric
times. At this time, theconcept of the brain and the associated medical procedures were not
common. With limitedknowledge about brain science, few operations could be done to cure
neuro-infections orremove tumours. Also, it is essential to note that prehistoric times
comprised of a time wherethe globe did not have sufficient information about the illnesses
affecting the human brain.Also, there were little advancements in medical treatment
technologies. The first inventionwhich could have a usage in brain science witnessed in the
nineteenth century with thedevelopment of anaesthesia. Further developments followed as
seen in the case of carbolicacid6. This invention as used as a way of reducing infections.In
the nineteenth century, researchers and surgeons knew to understand whether apatient
had a tumour in the brain. However, it was not possible to operate on such a patient.This
conclusion based on the idea that surgeons did not have a way to know the exactlocation of

3. the tumour. Surgeons at this time did not have the technology to produce animagery
reflection of the human brain to navigate to the location of the tumours.4Penfield, Wilder,
and Roger Sperry. “NEUROSURGERY AND CLINICAL TALES.” A History of the Brain:
FromStone Age surgery to modern neuroscience (2014): 317.5Malham, Gregory M., and
Thomas Wells-Quinn. “What should my hospital buy next?—Guidelines for theacquisition
and application of imaging, navigation, and robotics for spine surgery.” Journal of Spine
Surgery 5,no. 1 (2019): 155.6Last Name 4However, with time, experts such as David and
Paul became among the first parties tohelp in resolving the mentioned challenge. According
to the two, it was to predict the locationof a tumour based on the evaluation of the
symptoms behaviour exhibited by the underlyingpatients. For instance, the two parties
provided a breakthrough in understanding the differentparts of the human brain and their
functionalities. This invention reduced the main problemidentified above. For instance, it
was possible to rule out the location of a tumour orabnormally in the brain based on the
attributes of the patients.Such an invention gave rise to successful surgical procedures. For
example, WilliamMacewen performed the first successful brain surgery to remove a
tumour. The tumour waslocated at the surface of the brain as far as the cerebral cortex is
concerned. More researchcarried out by diverse experts gave rise to more successful
operations. Successful operationshave witnessed over time. However, these operations
have been successful because of theimplemen…