This document discusses the ethics of using sham surgery in Parkinson's disease patients. It presents two opposing positions on whether sham surgery is ethical for these patients. Position one argues that sham surgery is ethical as it is necessary for testing new surgical treatments. Position two argues that sham surgery is unethical as it involves misleading patients and subjecting them to unnecessary risks. The document will examine both positions, take a stance in favor of using sham surgery, critically analyze the opposing view, and redefend the original position before concluding.

1. Ethics of Sham Surgery in Parkinson’s’ Disease Patients.
Ethics of Sham Surgery in Parkinson’s’ Disease Patients.Ethics of Sham Surgery in
Parkinson’s’ Disease Patients.Permalink: https:// /ethics-of-sham-s…disease-
patients/ ?Ethics of Sham Surgery in Parkinson’s’ Disease Patients.I. Introductiona. The
controversy (or ethics) of using ‘sham surgery’ in Parkinson’s disease patients.i. Define
sham surgery, Parkinson’s disease (PD), placebo, neurosurgery, fetal cell transplantation,
burr holes…b. Is it ethical or unethical to use ‘sham surgery’ in Parkinson’s disease
patients?c. ThesisII. Explanation of Position One (The first philosopher/opinion)a. For
Sham Surgery in PD patientsIII. Explanation of Position Two (The second
philosopher/opinion)a. Against Sham Surgery in PD patientsIV. Compare & Contrast the
two positionsa. Difference between philosopher 1 & 2b. Similarities between
philosopher 1& 2V. My positiona. Defend position for sham surgery in PD
patientsVI. Criticize the position I chose (from the perspective of other position)a. No
sham surgery in PD patientsVII. Re-defend original positiona. Defend position for sham
surgery in PDpatientsVIII. ConclusionReferencesAlbin, R. L. (2002). Sham surgery
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151-156.Fletcher, J. (2003). Sham neurosurgery in Parkinson’s disease: Ethical at the time.
The American Journal of Bioethics, 3(4), 54-56.Hildt, E. (2009). Ethical challenges in cell-
based interventions for neurological conditions: Some lessons to be learnt from clinical
transplantation trials in patients with Parkinson’s disease. TheAmerican Journal of
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approaches in Parkinson’s disease. Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine, 5(10), 1-20.Swift,
T., & Huxtable, R. (2011). The ethics of sham surgery in Parkinson’s disease: Back to the
future?. Bioethics, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8519.2011.01931.x