The document discusses the significant role of biomedical theories in nursing practice and research, highlighting various models such as the web of causation, germ theory, and homeostasis theory. It emphasizes the necessity for nurses to understand these theories to enhance patient outcomes in healthcare. Additionally, it outlines an assignment for nursing students to explore and apply a specific biomedical theory in their practice area, particularly in critical care settings.

1. Biomedical Sciences in Nursing
Theories from the biomedical sciences have shaped nursing
practice, as well as research, throughout the years. In order to
engage in the highest level of practice and aid in addressing
current and future issues in health care, it is important for
nurses to become more cognizant of these theories.
For this Discussion, you will differentiate among theories
within the basic, or pure, sciences, and consider how they may
be applied to improve outcomes in health care.
Example of theories:
1)
Web of causation
by MacMahon and Pugh (1970) developed the concept of
“chain causation,” later termed the “web of causation.”
2)
The Germ Theory and Principles of Infection
by Louis Pasteur, he first proposed the germ theory in 1858
3)
The Natural History of Disease
which refers to the progress of a disease process in an
individual over time. In their classic model, Leavell and Clark
(1965) described two periods in the natural history of the
disease, prepathogenesis and pathogenesis (Primary prevention,
secondary prevention and tertiary prevention).
4)
Homeostasis Theory
by Claude Bernard, a physiologist in the 20
th
century who first conceived the idea of homeostasis.

2. 5)
Stress and Adaptation: General Adaptation Syndrome
by Walter Canon who developed the concept of fight or flight to
explain the body’s reaction to emergencies.
6)
Theory of Immunity and Immune Function
:
the immune system comprises a complex, coordinated group of
systems that produces physiologic responses to injuries or
infection.
7)
Genetic Principles and Theories
:
The Human Genome Project is an organized effort initiated in
1990 and completed in 2003 to create a biologically and
medically full database of the genome structure and sequence in
humans.
To prepare:
Review the concepts and principles of the various biomedical
theories and models presented in this week’s Learning
Resources, and consider how they influence clinical practice.
Which biomedical theories and models are used most frequently
in health care? How do they relate to improved health
outcomes? Reflect on your specific practice area and identify at
least one biomedical theory or model that is utilized.
By tomorrow 7/25/17, post 550 words essay in APA format with
3 references from the list below, that include the level one
heading as numbered below:
post
a cohesive response that addresses the following:

3. 1)
Describe one biomedical theory or model frequently used in
health care and provide your rational for how it relates to
improved patient outcomes.
2)
Describe one biomedical theory or model that is utilized in your
specific practice area. (I’m a CRITICAL CARE
CARDIOVASCULAR NURSE). Provide at least two examples
related to its application
Required Readings
McEwin, M., & Wills, E.M. (2014). Theoretical basis for
nursing. (4th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health.
Chapter 15, "Theories from the Biomedical Sciences"
Chapter 15 highlights some of the most commonly used theories
and principles from the biomedical sciences and illustrates how
they are applied to studies conducted by nurses and in nursing
practice.
Chapter 16, "Theories, Models, and Frameworks from
Administration and Management"
Chapter 16 presents leadership and management theories
utilized in advanced nursing practice.
Amella, E. J., & Aselage, M. B. (2010). An evolutionary
analysis of mealtime difficulties in older adults with dementia.
Journal of Clinical Nursing, 19(1/2), 33–41. doi:10.1111/j.1365-
2702.2009.02969.x
Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library
databases.
This article presents findings from a meta-analysis of 48

4. research studies that examined mealtime difficulties in older
adults with dementia.
Frazier, L., Wung, S., Sparks, E., & Eastwood, C. (2009).
Cardiovascular nursing on human genomics: What do
cardiovascular nurses need to know about congestive heart
failure? Progress in Cardiovascular Nursing, 24(3), 80–85.
Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library
databases.
This article discusses current genetics research on the main
causes of heart failure.
Mahon, S. M. (2009). Cancer Genomics: Cancer genomics:
Advocating for competent care for families. Clinical Journal of
Oncology Nursing, 13(4), 373–3 76.
Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library
databases.
This article advocates for nurses to stay abreast of the rapid
changes in cancer prevention research and its application to
clinical practice.
Mayer, K. H., Venkatesh, K. K. (2010). Antiretroviral therapy
as HIV prevention: Status and prospects. American Journal of
Public Health, 100(10), 1867–1 876. doi:
10.2105/AJPH.2009.184796
Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library
databases.
This article provides an in-depth examination of potential HIV
transmission prevention.

5. Pestka, E. L., Burbank, K. F., & Junglen, L. M. (2010).
Improving nursing practice with genomics. Nursing
Management, 41(3), 40–44. doi:
10.1097/01.NUMA.0000369499.99852.c3
Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library
databases.
This article provides an overview of genomics and how nurses
can apply it in practice.
Yao, L., & Algase, D. (2008). Emotional intervention strategies
for dementia-related behavior: A theory synthesis. The Journal
of Neuroscience Nursing, 40(2), 106–115.
Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library
databases.
This article discusses a new model that was developed from
empirical and theoretical evidence to examine intervention
strategies for patients with dementia.
Optional Resources
Calzone, K. A., Cashion, A., Feetham, S., Jenkins, J., Prows, C.
A., Williams, J. K., & Wung, S. (2010). Nurses transforming
health care using genetics and genomics. Nursing Outlook,
58(1), 26–35. doi: 10.1016/j.outlook.2009.05.001
Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library
databases.
Lea, D. (2009). Basic genetics and genomics: A primer for
nurses. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 14(2), 1–3.
Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library
databases.

6. Matzo, M. (2009). Evidence for excellence: Medication for
dementia. AJN, American Journal of Nursing, 109(9), 73–7 4.
Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library
databases.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for
Injury Prevention and Control (2010). Ten leading causes of
death and injury
. Retrieved from
http://www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars/LeadingCauses.html
Healthy People 2020—Improving the Health of Americans.
(2014).
Retrieved from
http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/default.aspx
Example of theories: